10.7910/DVN/UINA0XBroms, RasmusRasmusBroms0000-0002-2903-8198University of GothenburgHarvard Dataverse2021Social SciencesRetrospective votingInstitutional qualitySwedenBroms, RasmusRasmusBromsUniversity of Gothenburg2021-06-042021-06-0959371142561488application/x-stata-syntaxtext/tab-separated-valuestext/plain1.0CC0 1.0Electoral accountability is widely considered an essential component for maintaining the quality of a polity’s institutions. Nevertheless, a growing body of research has found weak or limited support for the notion that voters punish political corruption, a central but partial aspect of institutional quality. In order to capture the full range of institutional dysfunction an electorate should be incentivized to punish, I further the concept of institutional performance voting, that is, voting on institutional quality as a whole. Using a novel dataset on performance audit reports in Swedish municipalities between 2003 and 2014, I find that audit critique is associated with a statistically significant but substantively moderate electoral loss of about a percentage point for mayoral parties, while simultaneously associated with a 14 percentage point decrease in their probability of reelection.