Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment (doi:10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2020-10-22

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2020, "Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:aB/riBPNKVXxQO9Qe4LZHg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU

Authoring Entity:

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

Kosec, Katrina (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI))

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung (University of California, Berkeley)

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

Schmidt, Emily (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI))

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

Song, Jie (University of California, Berkeley)

Producer:

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Date of Production:

2020

Software used in Production:

STATA

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Access Authority:

IFPRI-Data

Depositor:

IFPRI-KM

Date of Deposit:

2020-07-24

Date of Distribution:

2020

Series Name:

Household- and Community-level Surveys

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU

Study Scope

Keywords:

Agricultural Sciences, Social Sciences, decision making, gender, poverty, women, women’s empowerment, work force, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, SOUTH EAST ASIA, OCEANIA, ASIA

Topic Classification:

Women’s empowerment

Abstract:

These files comprise dataset and do-files for reproducing results presented in the article, "Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment" (Kosec, Mo, Schmidt, and Song, 2021). The dataset "Data_PNG_all_tables" is constructed from the <a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZXRD6N">Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2018</a>. A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in section 4 of the article. The sampling procedure employed and the raw data are described in the publication <a href="https://www.ifpri.org/publication/papua-new-guinea-survey-report-rural-household-survey-food-systems">"Papua New Guinea Survey Report: Rural Household Survey on Food Systems"</a> (Schmidt et al., 2019).

Time Period:

2018-05-2018-07

Country:

Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea

Geographic Coverage:

South Bougainville (Autonomous region of Bougainville), Buin and Siwai areas, East Sepik District, Maprik, Wosera Gawi, East Sepik District, East Sepik District, Yangoro Saussia, Madang District, Middle Ramu, Madang District, Usino Bundi, West Sepik District, Nuku

Geographic Unit(s):

District

Unit of Analysis:

Household; Individual;

Universe:

Rural households and their members within 7 districts in 4 provinces/areas of Papua New Guinea

Kind of Data:

sample survey data (SSD)

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Sources:

<a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZXRD6N">Papua New Guinea Household Survey on Food Systems, 2018</a>

Data Access

Citation Requirement:

The users of this dataset are required to cite both replication data and the article. Below is the recommended citation:</p> <b>Replication Data</b></p> International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2020. Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU">https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YKPSFU</a>. Harvard Dataverse. Version 1. </p> <b>Article</b></p> Kosec, Katrina; Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung; Schmidt, Emily; and Song, Jie. 2021. Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment. World Development. Forthcoming

Disclaimer:

<p>IFPRI adheres to the principle of unrestricted public access to its own final research outputs and will make such outputs freely available. The Institute encourages the use of the <b>Replication Data for: Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment</b> dataset; for detailed information on its use, please refer to <a href="https://www.ifpri.org/intellectual-property-policy">IFPRI’s Intellectual Property Policy</a>. The data files in this dataset are unit record or ‘raw’ data files. Information that would allow survey respondents to be identified has been deleted from the files, but all other information remains. IFPRI’s decision not to alter the contents of the data files means that the user of these files will need to take care in handling missing observations, outliers, and violations of logical consistency. </p><p>The data are provided ‘as is’ and in no event shall IFPRI be liable for any damages resulting from the use of the data. While great effort was taken to obtain high-quality data, the accuracy or reliability of the data is not guaranteed or warranted in any way.</p>

Notes:

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Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Kosec, Katrina; Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung; Schmidt, Emily; and Song, Jie. 2021. Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment. World Development. Forthcoming

Bibliographic Citation:

Kosec, Katrina; Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung; Schmidt, Emily; and Song, Jie. 2021. Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and Women's Empowerment. World Development. Forthcoming

File Description--f4099843

File: Data_PNG_all_tables.tab

  • Number of cases: 2052

  • No. of variables per record: 95

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:aB/riBPNKVXxQO9Qe4LZHg==

Survey

Variable Description

List of Variables:

  • hhid - Household identifier
  • a_pid - Individual identifier
  • gender_3_orig - should men have the final word about decisions affecting the community?
  • gender_4_orig - when money is scarce should boys have more education than girls?
  • gender_5_orig - if jobs are scarce should they be reserved for men rather than women?
  • gender_6_orig - should a husband make all the decisions in the household about how to manage ass
  • gender_7_orig - If a women earns money outside the home a man somewhere will be less able to pr
  • gender_8_orig - A good woman always supports her husband���s opinions.
  • gender_11_orig - When a wife earns money through work outside the home her children are negative
  • dm_primed - Dummy - being primed to feel poor; rejection coded missing
  • inc_cat - Income category; both primed and not primed
  • dm_female - Dummy - female
  • dm_age_cat_1 - Dummy - aged 0-5
  • dm_age_cat_2 - Dummy - aged 6-15
  • dm_age_cat_3 - Dummy - aged 16-24
  • dm_age_cat_4 - Dummy - aged 25-35
  • dm_age_cat_5 - Dummy - aged 36-50
  • dm_age_cat_6 - Dummy - aged 51-64
  • dm_age_cat_7 - Dummy - aged 65+
  • dm_relat2hd_1 - Dummy - relationship to household head: Head
  • dm_relat2hd_2 - Dummy - relationship to household head: Spouse
  • dm_relat2hd_3 - Dummy - relationship to household head: Male child
  • dm_relat2hd_4 - Dummy - relationship to household head: Female child
  • dm_relat2hd_5 - Dummy - relationship to household head: Other
  • dm_married - Dummy - being married; single spouse or multiple spouses
  • dm_edu_cat_1 - Dummy - highest level of education no schooling
  • dm_edu_cat_2 - Dummy - highest level of education some school
  • dm_edu_cat_3 - Dummy - highest level of education completed primary
  • dm_edu_cat_4 - Dummy - highest level of education completed secondary
  • dm_edu_cat_5 - Dummy - highest level of education completed university
  • dm_occ_agriculture - Dummy - occupation in agriculture
  • dm_occ_manual - Dummy - occupation in manual work
  • dm_occ_trained - Dummy - occupation in trained worker
  • dm_occ_services - Dummy - occupation in services
  • dm_occ_other - Dummy - occupation in other
  • dm_occ_unemployed - Dummy - occupation in unemployed
  • dm_occ_notinLF - Dummy - occupation in not in labor force
  • universe_pp - Women only (sample from paper-and-pen questionnaire)
  • gender_15_orig - is it important for young women to abide by traditions and behave like their mo
  • universe_capi - Men only (sample from CAPI)
  • dm_hungry - Dummy - sleeping at night hungry because there was not enough food
  • dm_twice - Dummy - individual answered both gender modules
  • dm_oppo_prime - Dummy - individual answered both gender modules with opposite primes
  • universe_use - Men in CAPI and women in PP (excl. duplicated answers)
  • dm_twice_hh - Dummy - both female and male respondent in household answered gender module
  • dm_oppo_prime_hh - Dummy - female and male respondent in household answered gender module with oppo
  • dm_overhear - Dummy - individual potentially overhearing his/her spouse's opposite prime
  • comp - Compared to your neighbors do you and your family earn [much more a little
  • dm_int_alone - Dummy - interviewed alone or just with children
  • dm_int_women - Dummy - interviewed with adult women or with adult women and children
  • dm_int_men - Dummy - interviewed with adult men or with adult men and children
  • dm_int_both - Dummy - interviewed with adult men and women or with adult men and women and chi
  • dm_pov_2_4 - Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: about average
  • dm_pov_2_567 - Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: above average
  • dm_pov_2_4567 - Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: average and above
  • dm_pov_2_123 - Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: below average
  • num_adult_m - Number of male adults in the household (with some assumptions)
  • num_adult_f - Number of female adults in the household (with some assumptions)
  • hhsize - HH size (simple)
  • dm_WV - Dummy - World Vision treatment
  • comm - Community (integer)
  • enum1 - Enumerator (integer)
  • dm_female_head - Dummy - head female
  • dm_age_cat_1_head - Dummy - head aged 0-5
  • dm_age_cat_2_head - Dummy - head aged 6-15
  • dm_age_cat_3_head - Dummy - head aged 16-24
  • dm_age_cat_4_head - Dummy - head aged 25-35
  • dm_age_cat_5_head - Dummy - head aged 36-50
  • dm_age_cat_6_head - Dummy - head aged 51-64
  • dm_age_cat_7_head - Dummy - head aged 65+
  • dm_married_head - Dummy - head being married; single spouse or multiple spouses
  • dm_polygamy_head - Dummy - head married with multiple spouses
  • dm_edu_cat_1_head - Dummy - head highest level of education no schooling
  • dm_edu_cat_2_head - Dummy - head highest level of education some school
  • dm_edu_cat_3_head - Dummy - head highest level of education completed primary
  • dm_edu_cat_4_head - Dummy - head highest level of education completed secondary
  • dm_edu_cat_5_head - Dummy - head highest level of education completed university
  • dm_speak_1 - Dummy - head speaking Tok Pisin
  • dm_speak_4 - Dummy - head speaking English
  • dm_speak_5 - Dummy - head speaking Local village dialect
  • dm_hdorsp_official - Dummy - head OR spouse holding an official position
  • pca_housing - First principal component of housing quality and conditions
  • pca_val_ast_tot - First principal component of ALL assets based on total value of each item
  • exp_pae - Spatially deflated expenditure per adult equivalent per day
  • exp_pae_sq - Squared spatially deflated expenditure per adult equivalent per day
  • tot_exp - HH annual expenditure (not spatially & temporally deflated)
  • universe_nooverhear - Sample excl. individuals that potentially overheard the spouse's prime
  • cellcover - Lives in commmunity with reliable mobile phone network service
  • nearmkt - distance to nearest daily or weekly market or town (km)
  • dm_trace_fa - Dummy - community tracing descents through father
  • dm_trace_mo - Dummy - community tracing descents through mother
  • dm_trace_both - Dummy - community tracing descents through both mother and father
  • universe_dropcal - Sample excl. low-quality enumerators
  • universe_dropcom - Sample excl. a community not in original survey plan
  • universe_dropcalcom - Sample excl. low-quality enumerators and a community not in original survey plan

Variables

Household identifier

f4099843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Cg7tTlckPmID3CBP8IrFlg==

Individual identifier

f4099843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:sQdpSI3i7yA/dT1mALQpoA==

should men have the final word about decisions affecting the community?

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

A great deal

374

999.

refused

0

2.

A lot

420

888.

don't know

0

3.

Moderately

549

5.

Not at all

184

666.

Not applicable

0

4.

A little

155

Summary Statistics: Valid 1682.0; StDev 1.2339777488206847; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.6165279429250896;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rhwYB5fghORXJC7oUdDaPQ==

when money is scarce should boys have more education than girls?

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

A lot

251

1.

A great deal

232

999.

refused

0

888.

don't know

0

5.

Not at all

284

666.

Not applicable

0

4.

A little

239

3.

Moderately

628

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.056303549571603; Min. 1.0; Valid 1634.0; StDev 1.249328067642664; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wC41Xl6FDq5nQ70c0uINUA==

if jobs are scarce should they be reserved for men rather than women?

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

666.

Not applicable

0

888.

don't know

0

5.

Not at all

266

4.

A little

307

1.

A great deal

171

999.

refused

0

3.

Moderately

621

2.

A lot

256

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1621.0; StDev 1.1850846842599072; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.148673658235657

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kuTceOrkBs7olFr2ESlotw==

should a husband make all the decisions in the household about how to manage ass

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

A great deal

263

2.

A lot

276

999.

refused

0

4.

A little

211

666.

Not applicable

0

888.

don't know

0

5.

Not at all

258

3.

Moderately

656

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.9549278846153837; StDev 1.2425652841906367; Valid 1664.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l1X9J7rghxz4HijKU4UJMQ==

If a women earns money outside the home a man somewhere will be less able to pr

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

999.

refused

0

5.

Strongly disagree

194

1.

Strongly agree

103

666.

Not applicable

0

888.

don't know

0

2.

Agree

252

3.

Do not lean either way

304

4.

Disagree

746

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0904671072348215; Mean 3.422764227642277; Valid 1599.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o0sSWmD27jK1W4KBx7vr3Q==

A good woman always supports her husband���s opinions.

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Agree

610

1.

Strongly agree

915

4.

Disagree

58

666.

Not applicable

0

3.

Do not lean either way

103

999.

refused

0

888.

don't know

0

5.

Strongly disagree

14

Summary Statistics: Valid 1700.0; StDev 0.813512411917869; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6152941176470574; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5xWRYNJi/1NFRU0LRVPNWg==

When a wife earns money through work outside the home her children are negative

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Agree

386

4.

Disagree

540

888.

don't know

0

1.

Strongly agree

200

5.

Strongly disagree

205

999.

refused

0

666.

Not applicable

0

3.

Do not lean either way

219

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2776692945742738; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1550.0; Mean 3.1058064516129016

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hi/VsYZUU+SyCSrAC8oIYg==

Dummy - being primed to feel poor; rejection coded missing

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000743000029093; Valid 1637.0; Mean 0.491142333536958; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M5Dxfg/wr1YcJBi6GwlYKw==

Income category; both primed and not primed

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1637.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3713381227191057; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.313989004276116

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XRr57PApAgxy8nTZWq/srQ==

Dummy - female

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.491691574803075; Max. 1.0; Valid 1704.0; Mean 0.5915492957746478

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:791CDyiC1q0q1p9Xa4r0VA==

Dummy - aged 0-5

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1649.0; Mean 0.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+IsmdxqeAQ77vC124InVwA==

Dummy - aged 6-15

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0; Valid 1649.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+IsmdxqeAQ77vC124InVwA==

Dummy - aged 16-24

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0745906610066708; Min. 0.0; Valid 1649.0; StDev 0.262809397755587; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Eb04SDZJLJ9oHrBY9tLAw==

Dummy - aged 25-35

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3662825955124316; Min. 0.0; Valid 1649.0; StDev 0.48193412936082236; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dcYGinH3OXXH/weAbg8QOw==

Dummy - aged 36-50

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3947847180109156; StDev 0.4889526828610287; Min. 0.0; Valid 1649.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VU7N7qbfz7bk/uNF0FC82Q==

Dummy - aged 51-64

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13159490600363852; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.33815237685699356; Valid 1649.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:slbiAWRxFhGZxtjbSgRuVg==

Dummy - aged 65+

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1649.0; Mean 0.0327471194663433; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1780279914666294;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VTNGkken/QR0n1wXsVX+EA==

Dummy - relationship to household head: Head

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4991781418254743; Mean 0.46889671361502333; Min. 0.0; Valid 1704.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:luR0F79rOOXFvL4m09Ua+Q==

Dummy - relationship to household head: Spouse

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49921438312315586; Mean 0.5305164319248826; Valid 1704.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p4d7bXIp2OjaopSUT8HAqw==

Dummy - relationship to household head: Male child

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; Mean 0.0; Valid 1704.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lI/caO8wL63T8J6huJef3w==

Dummy - relationship to household head: Female child

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.024225079155575358; Valid 1704.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 5.868544600939063E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hBz6LbPW/P5kQg7MkZv4dg==

Dummy - relationship to household head: Other

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0; Valid 1704.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lI/caO8wL63T8J6huJef3w==

Dummy - being married; single spouse or multiple spouses

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9559600704638873; StDev 0.20524412291479566; Valid 1703.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GRRaby3bUtKn8nBtLd3MGg==

Dummy - highest level of education no schooling

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1702.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.15334900117508782; StDev 0.36042948341957914; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AYytsZCfFOFD9ItF/jYZXg==

Dummy - highest level of education some school

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3765980497844478; Min. 0.0; Valid 1702.0; Mean 0.17097532314923616;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CnniVVj4KD8Bdl55Zg19MQ==

Dummy - highest level of education completed primary

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6251468860164514; Valid 1702.0; StDev 0.48422724202138345; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yBYNK9RPS8BlA+vPovVwhQ==

Dummy - highest level of education completed secondary

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1702.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.020564042303172717; StDev 0.14196127375023873;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bR8wnsM6m+nGsfznBKbsSQ==

Dummy - highest level of education completed university

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.02996474735605165; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1702.0; StDev 0.1705401693848219

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ec0dWdsgmhY++13BkvzlBg==

Dummy - occupation in agriculture

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1699.0; StDev 0.4489231290353454; Mean 0.7204237786933496; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h+9ZWygZs2VoRuagVdXO1A==

Dummy - occupation in manual work

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.026486168334314147; Max. 1.0; Valid 1699.0; StDev 0.1606232751759312; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E07PsSC3f2ekHlrpZQf/Rg==

Dummy - occupation in trained worker

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.19468475554592315; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03943496174220122; Valid 1699.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UqVG4MIPfw0gHw5KFcix+A==

Dummy - occupation in services

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.15887655159125183; Max. 1.0; Valid 1699.0; Mean 0.025897586815773904

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MWYZAEsfacnSK7zKBtS9ug==

Dummy - occupation in other

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3758312992326734; Mean 0.17010005885815124; Valid 1699.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MmlB6o4beTQ8dCQbSwQVJQ==

Dummy - occupation in unemployed

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.015303119482048254; StDev 0.12279172828660083; Valid 1699.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JLAG7SPVRa3ZvyoW0FiEWQ==

Dummy - occupation in not in labor force

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1699.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.04847851573076213; Mean 0.0023543260741612842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3yRYTr5bouIuzjchaPwxNQ==

Women only (sample from paper-and-pen questionnaire)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 901.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dUvP8yD1bfkogGIQvPQ3cA==

is it important for young women to abide by traditions and behave like their mo

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

666.

Not applicable

0

4.

A little

49

1.

A great deal

430

5.

Not at all

49

2.

A lot

167

888.

don't know

0

3.

Moderately

96

999.

refused

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 1.8874841972187097; Min. 1.0; Valid 791.0; StDev 1.208087773213491

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:etJTtBxW62jPTZBy2RCOQA==

Men only (sample from CAPI)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 696.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gjXAywJuVX2GA6baLp6QNg==

Dummy - sleeping at night hungry because there was not enough food

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2052.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12670565302144243; StDev 0.3327240304750948; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DYPHmhJf+sCMsuDo4eH1IQ==

Dummy - individual answered both gender modules

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3288083417549988; Mean 0.12323943661971802; Valid 1704.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zFyV/nG8RRj1WYw1gSYGSA==

Dummy - individual answered both gender modules with opposite primes

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1630.0; Mean 0.05276073619631892; StDev 0.22362406063630444;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wb6V4eho2F/itrL0ZOw3aA==

Men in CAPI and women in PP (excl. duplicated answers)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1597.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z3xbEU03nm0t6d2lLlwNeg==

Dummy - both female and male respondent in household answered gender module

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.728866624921728; StDev 0.44468403400018386; Valid 1597.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hwBVeClbWSHIIE2RxsDa4g==

Dummy - female and male respondent in household answered gender module with oppo

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3554376657824937; Valid 1508.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.47880450766789434;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LdVJc0qr9RuTgk29Ls5cYw==

Dummy - individual potentially overhearing his/her spouse's opposite prime

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.10875331564986748; StDev 0.31143273622520357; Valid 1508.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:erHz+Gji1+toZ27zL5yEpA==

Compared to your neighbors do you and your family earn [much more a little

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

A little less

338

4.

A little more

333

5.

Much more

103

3.

About the same

640

1.

Much less

202

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8743811881188126; Valid 1616.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.074759496802835; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lBjIAc+TZ5RHMagYrn6RwQ==

Dummy - interviewed alone or just with children

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1704.0; StDev 0.4761011203105627; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6531690140845072;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ygmgaKDrvdNO0J8DkBMlkw==

Dummy - interviewed with adult women or with adult women and children

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1704.0; Mean 0.1566901408450707; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.36361508785593244

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MG60A90kHDmi3+0Ok/rh9A==

Dummy - interviewed with adult men or with adult men and children

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2437172123813973; Max. 1.0; Valid 1704.0; Mean 0.06338028169014077

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xs4WGJUV9CPHs1WlQWsS2w==

Dummy - interviewed with adult men and women or with adult men and women and chi

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1704.0; Mean 0.126760563380282; StDev 0.3328022256233188; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R/hLaUX4w1jrb8MdgcNDIw==

Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: about average

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6297029702970303; Max. 1.0; Valid 2020.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4830037586785062

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0uQbTmY35zcWJ5shpj2kyA==

Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: above average

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.12079207920792095; Min. 0.0; Valid 2020.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3259661850188851

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r2joAkgC+FzHyXPfzPN0Og==

Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: average and above

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2020.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4328336576685534; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7504950495049502

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qrs6IZaMLURc12TDRPh13g==

Dummy - pre-treatment perception of hh poverty: below average

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2495049504950499; Valid 2020.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4328336576685534; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KVPQAtsqX6hF/iVgfCRmjw==

Number of male adults in the household (with some assumptions)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 1.494152046783626; Valid 2052.0; StDev 0.9985190947229168; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YrSt3QQCnGLWCKxIvWo3BA==

Number of female adults in the household (with some assumptions)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2052.0; StDev 0.7999600099493703; Max. 6.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.4356725146198834

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LMUdddy3YByp+Iro6NEVog==

HH size (simple)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.903508771929825; Min. 1.0; Valid 2052.0; Max. 17.0; StDev 2.2154652047697847

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R0ZQSVE4ic4N5Zi6yvLPiA==

Dummy - World Vision treatment

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3499025341130561; StDev 0.4770551938455703; Min. 0.0; Valid 2052.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8qYfIs7ydvNDPDNvlFY1mw==

Community (integer)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 35.77485380116959; Min. 1.0; Max. 70.0; Valid 2052.0; StDev 20.17111081677738

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QlBOB0DYB+wU5eyp/4xlFg==

Enumerator (integer)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 25.0; Valid 2052.0; StDev 7.047708197382376; Mean 12.3187134502924;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9CKZegVROgRxxPc5l4GAfQ==

Dummy - head female

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1013645224171544; StDev 0.30188436258781276; Max. 1.0; Valid 2052.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2co3wr9SM9x2zlp8V+sVcg==

Dummy - head aged 0-5

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 0.0; Mean 0.0; Valid 1976.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u0xbm7vltEqHrR95EpT2SA==

Dummy - head aged 6-15

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0; Valid 1976.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u0xbm7vltEqHrR95EpT2SA==

Dummy - head aged 16-24

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1976.0; StDev 0.1743772367423431; Mean 0.03137651821862353; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kn+I84qEke2TdygifrfEVQ==

Dummy - head aged 25-35

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.31275303643724706; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4637320393229047; Valid 1976.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jn2CAKGM7y1RB+Xj5wdO9A==

Dummy - head aged 36-50

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4952239478975294; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.43016194331983787; Min. 0.0; Valid 1976.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vsJhil/+yATzSitVrFv6CQ==

Dummy - head aged 51-64

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.38101300725814496; Mean 0.17611336032388653; Valid 1976.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iiqjNeFW8W1DHhsT/5/WFQ==

Dummy - head aged 65+

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2171619894863099; Mean 0.04959514170040486; Valid 1976.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZC0Dp7QsgdH202uqXpUCdw==

Dummy - head being married; single spouse or multiple spouses

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9258536585365854; StDev 0.2620728238603398; Max. 1.0; Valid 2050.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/gS2LuOhx1J9N9y7eyslaA==

Dummy - head married with multiple spouses

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2050.0; StDev 0.17912589431624523; Mean 0.03317073170731705; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UowFJf2VLdRdbi/eI3YBJg==

Dummy - head highest level of education no schooling

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2891907637959332; Mean 0.09206660137120497; Valid 2042.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rHcjRyx8vjCzlUyr0JUiJg==

Dummy - head highest level of education some school

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3654556778422346; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.15866797257590612; Valid 2042.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iqsQCLwE3Qtk8edsJHkDXA==

Dummy - head highest level of education completed primary

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6630754162585689; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47277464811576486; Valid 2042.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dl/7F/dTSmwu0JGcKMpd3w==

Dummy - head highest level of education completed secondary

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2042.0; StDev 0.17428249130454462; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03134182174338876

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zoWOBq5fGOgBdH+Dgfjaxg==

Dummy - head highest level of education completed university

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.054848188050930446; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.22773946422621946; Max. 1.0; Valid 2042.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OymBkpbUec6kfIb6dagk7w==

Dummy - head speaking Tok Pisin

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2052.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9883040935672517; StDev 0.10753951853897263;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kq5WUw4GxGzPtJm1kn9xAA==

Dummy - head speaking English

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.44444444444444525; Valid 2052.0; StDev 0.49702511724306564; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T82XYjKmuzgZAFBsPNOURQ==

Dummy - head speaking Local village dialect

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2052.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2521949891838486; Mean 0.9317738791423003

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qGxAfEIcdpUogxxHDh3yxQ==

Dummy - head OR spouse holding an official position

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4819578829689735; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2052.0; Mean 0.3664717348927855

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+GFz99I0QPpc7crfOD94Jg==

First principal component of housing quality and conditions

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2052.0; Max. 6.768754005432129; Mean 3.6853560078031276E-10; Min. -2.7808454036712646; StDev 1.320663296354319

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xORrHuGjfbnqwSJJy+J7Ag==

First principal component of ALL assets based on total value of each item

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 20.271617889404297; Valid 2042.0; Min. -1.3509448766708374; Mean 2.0280620115586215E-9; StDev 1.9846861993457974

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c+2I9PNm6oAIZu+jWJ3ZXw==

Spatially deflated expenditure per adult equivalent per day

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.21882794797420502; Mean 7.82460335250998; Valid 2046.0; Max. 43.930538177490234; StDev 5.232569819875398

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K3WjXURdX6exCKG8suixIw==

Squared spatially deflated expenditure per adult equivalent per day

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.04788567125797272; Max. 1929.8922119140625; Mean 88.59082248658397; Valid 2046.0; StDev 143.82050937423776

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wSjLcia3QPyhwDDhDK4uNQ==

HH annual expenditure (not spatially & temporally deflated)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2046.0; Mean 10430.942672893556; Min. 260.71429443359375; StDev 7468.752704652492; Max. 64584.95703125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e2qXY1GSGz0WB2CtG/uRew==

Sample excl. individuals that potentially overheard the spouse's prime

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Valid 1888.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7JXmAeS5CnNS0/1jXjLksA==

Lives in commmunity with reliable mobile phone network service

f4099843 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

no

714

1.

yes

1320

Summary Statistics: Valid 2034.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4774104355619741; Mean 0.6489675516224184; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8vMZ2YJZFYLhj8c88qqG7Q==

distance to nearest daily or weekly market or town (km)

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.92417874885655; Valid 2046.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 148.0; Mean 7.5111448851268925;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m/8a1DMBnK7qA/cCvp6kxg==

Dummy - community tracing descents through father

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2034.0; Mean 0.5506391347099312; StDev 0.49755139198473886; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vxCqIIUBvvG0/sUWmyRMgw==

Dummy - community tracing descents through mother

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2034.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.10324483775811229; StDev 0.30435321991818237

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xz+LTwjn2H6TfAYwgDxjWA==

Dummy - community tracing descents through both mother and father

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47584771308576385; Mean 0.3461160275319566; Valid 2034.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b0Klx+dPcRY1QMNK/MdyuQ==

Sample excl. low-quality enumerators

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1938.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UPdCLk8MHoG/fnkfipxjCA==

Sample excl. a community not in original survey plan

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 2040.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sd40vG0rEKaWKBiAjmVLbQ==

Sample excl. low-quality enumerators and a community not in original survey plan

f4099843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1928.0; Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KJO/XkRv6fEVPtUNYh9jSg==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

001_README_Kosec_et_al_2020.pdf

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Data_PNG_all_tables_codebook.xls

Notes:

application/vnd.ms-excel

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Tables_1_2_3_4_5_6_A1_A2_A3_A4_A5_A6.do

Text:

Do file to generate all results presented in the article. Specifically, regression results in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the main text, and Appendix Tables A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6 and summary statistics Tables 1 and A3. In addition, it also includes codes to generate the results discussed in endnote 18.

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax