Replication Data for: Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections (doi:10.7910/DVN/XFUJOO)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

(external link)

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/XFUJOO

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2021-01-05

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Rudolph, Lukas; Leininger, Arndt, 2021, "Replication Data for: Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XFUJOO, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:nnnHRD6FohSh56R0cP1dsA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/XFUJOO

Authoring Entity:

Rudolph, Lukas (LMU Munich and ETH Zurich)

Leininger, Arndt (FU Berlin)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Rudolph, Lukas

Depositor:

Rudolph, Lukas

Date of Deposit:

2020-12-14

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XFUJOO

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, concurrency, turnout, electoral outcomes, election timing, second-order elections, quasi-experiment

Abstract:

The files provided allow the replication of all statistical analysis in "Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections". Article abstract: Concurrent elections are widely used to increase turnout. We theorize and show empirically how concurrency affects electoral outcomes. First, concurrency increases turnout and thereby the participation of peripheral voters. Second, in combined elections, one electoral arena affects the other. In our case of majoritarian executive elections concurrent to PR legislative elections, the centripetal tendency of majoritarian elections colors off to the concurrent PR race. Third, concurrency also entails spill-overs of the incumbency advantage of executive officeholders to the concurrent legislative race. Drawing on quasi-random variation in local election timing in Germany, we show that concurrency increases turnout as well as council votes for the incumbent mayor's party and centrist parties more generally, with slightly more pronounced gains for the political left. As a consequence, concurrent elections consolidate party systems and political power by leading to less fragmented municipal councils and more unified local governments.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Rudolph, Lukas, Arndt Leininger (2021). Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections. In: Electoral Studies, forthcoming, 10p.

Identification Number:

10.​1016/​j.​electstud.​2020.​102264

Bibliographic Citation:

Rudolph, Lukas, Arndt Leininger (2021). Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections. In: Electoral Studies, forthcoming, 10p.

File Description--f4267761

File: master_1996.tab

  • Number of cases: 427

  • No. of variables per record: 15

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:LjosDRKJi0Ew5A2ufE7WFA==

File Description--f4267767

File: master_placebo.tab

  • Number of cases: 3744

  • No. of variables per record: 18

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:6MNZgqxxgVvbXp45ny9voQ==

File Description--f4267768

File: master_pretrends.tab

  • Number of cases: 1628

  • No. of variables per record: 12

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:IDcMFcKV/Pqbywdl207Ckg==

File Description--f4267765

File: master_timing.tab

  • Number of cases: 1203

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:MQaKZnNHGiSgjaC1gXHVug==

File Description--f4267769

File: master_treatment.tab

  • Number of cases: 1203

  • No. of variables per record: 53

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:eYV4HRsujefAAKWDzql6sQ==

File Description--f4267766

File: mayoral_timing.tab

  • Number of cases: 1134

  • No. of variables per record: 2

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:dgjV3Bhew9HyzDtDojBdhg==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

gkz

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 462402.0; Mean 328145.6065573772; StDev 111369.353510207; Min. 101000.0; Valid 427.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r3Wky4t8Q1P+YcULSOuHOg==

gkz_short

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tn0pLwS3UlkmatKIrNOx9w==

municipality_name

f4267761 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KeCPDwfbok9pxisoUVA4uQ==

year

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1996.0; Min. 1996.0; Mean 1996.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 427.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3xe+ytpOHbL8cyhV794cAA==

eligible_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 202187.0; Min. 458.0; Mean 13428.959999999997; StDev 16970.76307672743; Valid 425.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/ShMqiNz/2fhAJ73wcY4gQ==

voters_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 90.6113510131836; Valid 425.0; StDev 5.064393563152584; Mean 68.28896365894991; Min. 51.143428802490234

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iEtYi21MNMUcCb1dH5X39g==

cdu_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 15.861909866333008; Valid 423.0; Mean 44.19933531921242; Max. 89.07315063476562; StDev 13.320866328230585;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3OwyhJqwBk30AbVQicHKeg==

spd_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 69.39307403564453; Mean 37.85053238216435; StDev 12.304323051472716; Min. 7.316308975219727; Valid 424.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7ynRhcNhkyqm+PLIEh1oIA==

fdp_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.1984640657901764; Valid 319.0; Max. 26.597597122192383; Mean 4.746526664327304; StDev 4.343524774151803

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lNcCFzdZ26tzolLs09XHvw==

gruene_c

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.8303209757288155; StDev 3.187825995024342; Valid 323.0; Min. 1.890725016593933; Max. 19.71031379699707

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qXL4FR8xJgRsRwqC9WaXBQ==

population

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12736.46131667219; Mean 14539.696629213491; Valid 356.0; Min. 544.0; Max. 126311.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+zoKTHyOUmNAPasX313RLA==

pop_density

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 143.16087437167485; Valid 356.0; Min. 5.5; Mean 165.73623595505617; Max. 1141.7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pQ0HJhwz/tUjBx3qvttsQQ==

concurrent_mayoral

f4267761 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13348946135831372; StDev 0.3405019103397432; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 427.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/PCaHJxig+r+MFrRCzCYYQ==

cme_sequence_1996

f4267761 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:hVTHQyD8/GNbO3Cf0z+A8Q==

mayor_party

f4267761 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nbv/i0tJhQzFyhCMkg1kew==

municipality identifier (gkz)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 112012.3333165784; Valid 3744.0; Max. 462402.0; Mean 328718.8365384599; Min. 101000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ilovGFfw0fJM53TO+HQKCw==

municipality name

f4267767 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:1bb/8UJcQV/2r7nwHIKFnw==

year of observation

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3744.0; Min. 1998.0; Max. 2014.0; StDev 5.425860485042484; Mean 2005.888888888889

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lYuFf3xaDaIauXDd6C0HlA==

electoral level of obersation

f4267767 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GjqWqsiJp78CUg9gERif5Q==

concurrent council and mayoral election in year 2001

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 3609.0; Mean 0.46882793017456426; StDev 0.49909650691105867

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DE+qdh5t+z37NJhf91cCmQ==

concurrent council and mayoral election in year 2006

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6807980049875316; Valid 3609.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4662320366660401

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W+wsb5GJlQK75ZPK6Y5ruw==

concurrent council and mayoral election in year 2011

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3609.0; Mean 0.23192019950124723; StDev 0.422116799357399; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uMf3kgo0nxy2fkQlvGcSOQ==

indicator for pattern of concurrent council/mayoral elections

f4267767 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2006

945

3.

2011

540

1.

2001 and 2006

1404

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 2889.0; Mean 1.7009345794392547; StDev 0.7639758494599044; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q3uWIAC0W7Cx5Olvy6PquQ==

berechtigte

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 397.0; Valid 3744.0; Mean 14574.225961538508; Max. 376572.0; StDev 23908.657502116814

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GdlCXzmTbnKnAtqo5M5izg==

w��hler

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 154.0; StDev 15647.953808101667; Valid 3744.0; Max. 310777.0; Mean 9144.59508547014;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bF2gnDdQiqFz72AmbAiErw==

turnout (%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.358922416988513; Mean 63.425052874618096; Min. 27.985740661621094; Valid 3744.0; Max. 92.6952133178711;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2IQZ3PTd5zfJ55h2p/I8LA==

cdu (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3744.0; Min. 17.98902427681146; Max. 83.1989247311828; StDev 11.475247272558088; Mean 41.02350076425864

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TFpA2ti93LZcoAjE0sUKIA==

spd (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 71.73286205934332; Min. 7.09375; Mean 36.19385285792567; StDev 11.481842222207883; Valid 3744.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8fYtg1T2brvkoUsq8Vi0hA==

green (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.8375209380234505; Valid 3744.0; Max. 31.01755429931568; StDev 3.656081512381161; Mean 7.657411032583568;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6lU5c83iCa+eY0SEynLKUw==

fdp (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3743.0; Mean 6.877653093691792; Min. 0.6417112299465241; Max. 24.162946428571427; StDev 3.90748402958557;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GWdcODJkSCacvETz3Y5pOA==

oth (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.386458451589146; Valid 3744.0; Max. 29.897610921501705; Mean 8.249419231533306; Min. 1.0732852590977697;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QprvMM2pZjQI9eVeu7oViQ==

SPD and CDU Vote (\%)

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 46.59327697753906; Valid 3744.0; Max. 95.8271255493164; Mean 77.21735366694949; StDev 8.65866288944464;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q41wh4TsIS9oNjmawqXQ6g==

concurrent mayoral election

f4267767 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49978352349489635; Valid 3744.0; Mean 0.4831730769230753

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Omc4SFwya/K4cDjKF/oWhg==

Municipality ID

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1628.0; StDev 112712.838446002; Mean 330854.0982800959; Min. 101000.0; Max. 462402.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l93wO4rFHMN/dklSxGPKow==

Date of first mayoral election

f4267768 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bIXy3HEj1bc4nE13l3XVdw==

Election date

f4267768 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lkkKmpJSKdwYBU/a3p9cow==

Election tye

f4267768 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lnHTlzl/txlNnLR1+CFrAA==

Election year

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1996.0; Min. 1981.0; Mean 1988.5; StDev 5.591887617762587; Valid 1628.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EOWt5octQq6nP1PYmUFgdw==

Municipality name

f4267768 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YEoDbq9fNPcMy5fWwJXsTQ==

Turnout

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 73.82940444476787; StDev 6.492508994818444; Valid 1625.0; Min. 51.143428802490234; Max. 91.70431518554688

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sf1QOuY7zJk8MBJ58RkZxw==

CDU vote share

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95.72822570800781; StDev 14.26119266665491; Valid 1617.0; Min. 15.861909866333008; Mean 48.508411691744705

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OxobfWccFZouvrUkU2Jrng==

SPD vote share

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.271773338317871; Mean 37.33662749101608; Max. 71.31678771972656; Valid 1621.0; StDev 12.834952851990508

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ByQsKVgRMic6chnniANEpg==

FDP vote share

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.206777681175892; Max. 45.08124923706055; Valid 1280.0; Min. 0.1984640657901764; Mean 5.752629973436709

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ExilkGsP3a8q47P65xdXPw==

Green vote share

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.380433440142426; Min. 0.7534132599830627; Max. 19.71031379699707; StDev 2.7493246538037193; Valid 903.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EOwZcFlFWe41cEsKpFnDqA==

Other party vote share (combined)

f4267768 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Min. 0.08136933296918869; Valid 1083.0; StDev 10.213433995196297; Mean 9.616184097921966

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:70XQbhz9Qlzy4x0DoMo+Ig==

gkz

f4267765 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 462402.0; Mean 328721.2817955122; Min. 101000.0; Valid 1203.0; StDev 113136.43554183174;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zvmNpLue/dHl03cvuXDO5A==

year

f4267765 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.084180755784868; Valid 1203.0; Mean 2006.0; Min. 2001.0; Max. 2011.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ph9lhsaPfbEBaF6vI0S77g==

date_c

f4267765 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8+2mRfk6ECaGXyP05RCTfw==

concurrent_mayoral

f4267765 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49864582049529066; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.46051537822111377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uRWWyHhtF91FBjrvly09hQ==

gkz

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 462402.0; Min. 101000.0; StDev 113136.43554183174; Valid 1203.0; Mean 328721.2817955122

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zvmNpLue/dHl03cvuXDO5A==

gkz_short

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 101.0; Mean 322939.0399002483; Valid 1203.0; Max. 462402.0; StDev 120276.27722544895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AddBQFXElHId8KCjD07ruA==

municipality_name

f4267769 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:z8VJ7YREoL4Uts4LUUpbHw==

type of municipality

f4267769 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

flecken

33

3.

sg

348

2.

munic

462

1.

city

360

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8347566623870972; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.044887780548629; Min. 1.0; Valid 1203.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ie3rxN9OffvNXDM+/YMd+g==

Election year

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2001.0; Max. 2011.0; Valid 1203.0; Mean 2006.0; StDev 4.084180755784868

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ph9lhsaPfbEBaF6vI0S77g==

region identifier

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.116055506621118; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.7506234413964976; Min. 1.0; Valid 1203.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qiLCkVtf9ccWQ+MzVqvSfQ==

ags_region== 1.0000

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.18703241895262285; StDev 0.3900997203195653; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:weQFZWuWLmvn16FqgPa3fw==

ags_region== 2.0000

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1203.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.21695760598503452; StDev 0.4123449285869324;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xRIvdnuc4LGQfA4PNv6e6A==

ags_region== 3.0000

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; Mean 0.25436408977555935; StDev 0.43568427688563105; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yg9tMJjFI61SqUjvDABo7Q==

ags_region== 4.0000

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.34164588528677925; StDev 0.47445874333188437; Valid 1203.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A9PkuYjWhAKg4vnwobc+5w==

Eligible citizens

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; StDev 25337.76154415138; Min. 412.0; Mean 15310.935993349978; Max. 393171.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oA8VJVRin7CrF1x5kDO12A==

Turnout (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 90.5; Min. 38.8; StDev 6.587293275756933; Valid 1203.0; Mean 57.40681629260183

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nYZaMh+z7l4m2ro1cdb7wA==

CDU vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.811512114604419; Valid 1203.0; Mean 41.61130507065669; Min. 0.0; Max. 90.2;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x8OApu2xLDbSIfCaWgFmAw==

SPD vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.033151831688919; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 35.85211970074812; Max. 68.9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5c0nqLM8/2jEoGSoxynofw==

FDP vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 26.4; Mean 3.7464671654197814; Min. 0.0; StDev 4.274775342731623; Valid 1203.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BkIxpmvJ2mRGCHZSGIxOLw==

Green vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; Mean 5.68137988362427; Max. 34.4; Min. 0.0; StDev 5.490679056091283

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e2jaQeZwul1bhkYo3kIvFA==

Other parties

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 13.108977581423124; Valid 1203.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 15.116027836227836; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KtNn8/0/9f1WqZ+vqE2RNg==

Major party vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; Mean 77.4634248282844; Max. 100.0; StDev 15.114160974550035; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z2VrxfFRcUhDiTh9mg3hQA==

minor party vote share

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 41.099998474121094; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 7.216126160512454; Mean 9.42784705256435

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tqz43Jpc1zCbViqcuzveWg==

Incumbent vote (\%)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 37.79415657961907; Valid 907.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 21.15935954305831; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HtTE/imYMgs30yCNaRCqfQ==

party with plurality of votes in council election

f4267769 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Vv9ocUmHlmK2Bw91vEtCfw==

Executive-Legislative Alignment

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1062.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.495485851709198; Mean 0.5687382297551791

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mzpIYZHQ7ghVBW41/nQSPw==

One-party dominance in local council

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4845115544523897; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1203.0; Mean 0.3757273482959271;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NsvixLpAjh7iqoyv+HWM0Q==

Effective number of parliamentary parties

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7377703322634925; Max. 4.802704811096191; StDev 0.6438963519887557; Valid 1203.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pTJDLXGzCF0F+7RJseDxlQ==

Working-age population

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.229378748016923; Min. 56.1; Max. 81.9; Valid 1146.0; Mean 65.0132635253054;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9LS+aRab9zIAmb/dVW/3uQ==

unemployment rate

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.013720965266948644; Min. 0.009034143760800362; Mean 0.03917768151526966; Valid 1146.0; Max. 0.0927419364452362

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:flaHTVLKVOw93TIGhZxxtg==

Unemployment rate

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.27419376373291; StDev 1.3720965321201906; Valid 1146.0; Mean 3.917768155509054; Min. 0.9034143686294556

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kgo9EnfTotm1enHCAlFRDA==

Debt market

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1109.0; Min. 17.0; StDev 44576.28445421401; Max. 901340.0; Mean 13729.502254283188

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:84yWvJOJc93YUA1ZPtVqQw==

Tax

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3762.97; Mean 656.3117692307692; Valid 1170.0; Min. -5.0; StDev 306.49365840552707;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K41A1AYuffcUi8YVgQQiTg==

Tax income real

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1170.0; Mean 331.6916923076923; Max. 2866.99; StDev 226.8317210657503; Min. -191.96

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IX9P0T9R4lQuWX7+llGgPw==

Log(Debt Market)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1109.0; StDev 1.2672156291832557; Max. 13.711637496948242; Mean 8.674666292931823; Min. 2.8332133293151855;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z4I0MtD9Tcw3txLy3TddHg==

Log(Tax)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3757032296650338; Min. 5.454038143157959; Max. 8.232963562011719; Valid 1169.0; Mean 6.409375143826161

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3EaFID2jy1s3v9g/aoeOVw==

Lag(Tax income real)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1169.0; Mean 5.652296915535647; Max. 7.961018085479736; StDev 0.5260663139281854; Min. 4.2663350105285645

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hrtR1SBQBad9/kmhVxfIIQ==

Population size

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 515957.0; Mean 17228.725130890067; Min. 518.0; StDev 28610.067513926904; Valid 1146.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fd8K+h2w9+g72JpM2zth+g==

population (logged)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 6.249975204467773; Mean 9.457639835267791; Max. 13.153779029846191; Valid 1146.0; StDev 0.6920034706795523

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0SyHSPQIWr/ZfNbMKI9EKg==

Population density

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2527.4664445968456; StDev 198.35776401619484; Mean 187.80162152924825; Min. 20.4; Valid 1146.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C2ZXJGSd40EMrWFEM1H8zA==

population density

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 187.80221573595026; StDev 198.35790357474835; Max. 2527.466552734375; Valid 1146.0; Min. 20.359128952026367

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:keC8tTB2ADcMVLgy9uZ9vQ==

CME

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49864582049529066; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.46051537822111377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uRWWyHhtF91FBjrvly09hQ==

sequence of CMEs occuring (0=no, 1=yes) in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011

f4267769 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:fij8Z8VywehUPWn0tKTqWg==

CME 2001

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; StDev 0.3632677953812725; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.15627597672485438

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s4xXo+g/8wnAXBIsOQgE1A==

CME 2006

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.22693266832917705; Max. 1.0; Valid 1203.0; StDev 0.4190228923514675; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ov43n290GIOy7RJ5Zh9nnQ==

CME 2011

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.07730673316708224; StDev 0.26718859494889646; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vRV2Jpy3RHA3sG7YnNA3FQ==

party holding mayoral incumbency at time of council election

f4267769 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:XXZzeTRB3ZdTLAqfYCkgTQ==

party that hold mayoral incumbency after concurrent mayoral election

f4267769 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:/1ejyBXY7ZIL8L27WU4tbw==

SPD incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.33296582138919556; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47153443798263994; Max. 1.0; Valid 907.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kb0kGKdypR4rwDQP7JACTw==

CDU incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3461962513781696; Max. 1.0; Valid 907.0; StDev 0.47601915420870416

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5xP5sjc/DYB0kMG83XkjBA==

Independent incumbent (indep. person or from local voter group)

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3120176405733188; Min. 0.0; Valid 907.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4635726124539521

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e2J8qVTxdsss0/wXNdlU2w==

SPD mayoral incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.31576752498893634; Max. 1.0; Valid 1203.0; Mean 0.11221945137157127

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l++oyflrlzASCCXbG4lquA==

CDU mayoral incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1203.0; Mean 0.11886949293433074; StDev 0.32376947709981524

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E8AMON/s2DqAbq4gstFR4g==

Green/FDP mayoral incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.003325020781379872; Max. 1.0; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.05759098940483365

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tyjPITkXVk5EzRrWeyrubg==

Indep./other mayoral incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1203.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4184795548092421; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2261014131338321

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VZZPuawcLEffLKVgRaasgg==

Incumbent's time in office

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1159.1514073690716; Valid 846.0; Mean 2196.945626477541; Min. -51.0; Max. 5427.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PYoeZUZ+1MDvx0TxUFdmTA==

Female incumbent

f4267769 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47333507859395163; Max. 1.0; Valid 1203.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3383208645054031;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5AV0O9s/yNa3WDcoUQ0Lew==

gkz

f4267766 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:i3v3Ctmc1l3rraPRZfmZuw==

wahltag

f4267766 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:HEjjE2Foh/GDf4VoGM2JJQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

f_timing_elections.R

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

placebo.do

Notes:

application/softgrid-do

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

pretrends.do

Notes:

application/softgrid-do

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

README.txt

Notes:

text/plain

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

treatment.do

Notes:

application/softgrid-do