Replication Data for: Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization (doi:10.7910/DVN/UW5CSR)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/UW5CSR

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2020-10-22

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

O'Brochta, William; Tavits, Margit; Aksoy, Deniz, 2020, "Replication Data for: Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UW5CSR, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:eBBKLpUlxUGF50W1AXG3Lw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/UW5CSR

Authoring Entity:

O'Brochta, William (Washington University in St. Louis)

Tavits, Margit (Washington University in St. Louis)

Aksoy, Deniz (Washington University in St. Louis)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

O'Brochta, William

Depositor:

O'Brochta, William

Date of Deposit:

2020-07-09

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UW5CSR

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Radical Attitudes, Anti-Muslim Rhetoric, Identity Threat

Abstract:

Does anti-Muslim rhetoric by Western politicians breed radical attitudes among European Muslims? We explore this question by conducting an experimental study in Bosnia --- a European democracy, where, unlike the rest of Europe, Muslims are neither immigrants nor socio-economically disadvantaged. This helps us clearly identify the radicalization potential of Western rhetoric alone, absent contextual factors such as social inferiority. Experimental evidence with Bosnian Muslims from five surveys (with a total N=2,608) suggests that rhetorical attacks on Islam by Western politicians do not strengthen individuals' Muslim identity, cause higher levels of animosity toward the West, or lead to condoning the use of violence. We also find that pro-Muslim rhetoric, while increasing positive views of the West, does not affect individuals' strength of Muslim identity or their radical sympathies. These results provide important implications for our understanding of sources of radicalization and for efforts to curb radical tendencies.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f3978386

File: MergedDataset.tab

  • Number of cases: 2608

  • No. of variables per record: 26

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:eBBKLpUlxUGF50W1AXG3Lw==

Dataset of Bosnian survey respondents used for this analysis.

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • uid - Unique ID
  • sp - Sample point
  • g1 - How important is immigration as an issue for Bosnia?
  • g2 - The following comment was recently made by a prominent politician in America abo
  • g3 - The following comment was recently made by a prominent politician in America abo
  • g4 - Do you have a favorable or unfavorable view of the U.S.?
  • g5 - Please tell us whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Bein
  • g6 - Please tell us whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: I ca
  • dm1 - Gender
  • dm2 - Age
  • dm3_edu - Education
  • dm5 - Nationality
  • dm7 - Working status
  • dm9 - Occupation
  • dm19 - Marrital status
  • dm24 - Number of household members
  • dm34 - Household income
  • entity - Entity
  • type - Type of settlement
  • region - Region
  • rim_w_1 - weight
  • municipality - Municipality
  • april
  • may
  • june
  • july

Variables

Unique ID

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.1542243E7; Valid 2608.0; StDev 219838.35509674187; Mean 2.1257609719325155E7; Min. 2.0817388E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0z0INVm9chpxupVjzKIlhg==

Sample point

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

888999.

miss

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 39.359207232404934; Max. 139.0; Mean 74.1786809815951; Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5OlhX/PDLxCbcX42fE9kow==

How important is immigration as an issue for Bosnia?

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Not important at all

194

1.

Very important

317

2.

Somewhat important

388

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7418235082708134; Valid 899.0; Mean 1.8631813125695211; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YFBTYqpjUhJLMB/vzU/lpA==

The following comment was recently made by a prominent politician in America abo

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Very important

299

2.

Somewhat important

404

3.

Not important at all

168

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7170320047338999; Valid 871.0; Mean 1.8495981630309994; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7X/csBx+Wqz/iREnAsYnhg==

The following comment was recently made by a prominent politician in America abo

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Not important at all

175

2.

Somewhat important

373

1.

Very important

290

Summary Statistics: Valid 838.0; StDev 0.7325985053206011; Mean 1.862768496420048; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LVVsROv4cXeIduHxeJwSrA==

Do you have a favorable or unfavorable view of the U.S.?

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Favorable

1275

2.

Unfavorable

1333

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49997220125056235; Mean 1.5111196319018398; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 2608.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MASDZagboP515FVHlYOaRw==

Please tell us whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Bein

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

strongly agree

1102

5.

strongly disagree

217

3.

neither agree nor disagree

464

2.

somewhat agree

631

4.

somewhat disagree

194

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.153757668711657; Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2742986480557563

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a7L6pG8S/k9Wa7ndLPD6cQ==

Please tell us whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: I ca

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

strongly disagree

1483

3.

neither agree nor disagree

349

1.

strongly agree

161

2.

somewhat agree

279

4.

somewhat disagree

336

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.035659509202454; Valid 2608.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2982067927466234

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x0e1Vs/KVAETFisoi9PFhQ==

Gender

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Male

1183

2.

Female

1425

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.546395705521472; StDev 0.4979382577081311;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k9SQsoflUxUdj7TV3rtT0g==

Age

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

888999.

miss

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 46.16909509202453; Max. 93.0; StDev 18.333487767223595; Min. 18.0; Valid 2608.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FNQkK5S9YBeFH0Rgq6CtKA==

Education

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Primary school

681

3.

University

341

2.

Secondary school

1586

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8696319018404906; StDev 0.612388047157535; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mj/2qAe0aR+8IbaQjDBCog==

Nationality

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Bosnian

0

1.

Bosniac

2608

2.

Croat

0

888998.

DK/NA

0

3.

Serb

0

5.

Others

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 2608.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:71Luc4o/Hi+8pegNUFFJ1A==

Working status

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

8.

Retired

639

7.

Pupil/Student

214

2.

Owner of own business - freelancer

11

888997.

DK/NA

45

10.

on maternity leave

1

6.

Housewife

381

4.

Owner of private business, craftsman

39

5.

Unemployed

685

1.

Working for somebody

583

9.

Military (incl. recruits)

0

3.

Owner of private farm, agriculture

10

Summary Statistics: StDev 115785.46529485297; Max. 888997.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 15344.320168711754; Valid 2608.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7FfqUEbclrhDrQZvyf/Cyg==

Occupation

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Skilled workers including nurses

884

888997.

DK/NA

541

2.

Expert and Intellectual

132

7.

Unskilled and low-skilled workers

489

5.

Cleks

133

9.

Military/Police

9

8.

Farmer/fisherman

156

1.

Freelancer

14

3.

Higher managment

42

4.

Lower managment

101

Summary Statistics: Mean 192306.63974410208; Max. 888997.0; StDev 366097.90183248837; Min. 1.0; Valid 2501.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xR4ypUTNhB36D5tR7rFXnQ==

Marrital status

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Divorced/separated

87

2.

Single

623

1.

Married

1551

4.

Widow(er)

347

98.

dk

0

5.

Living with partner

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.036107066410935; Mean 1.704754601226993;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6hQhwd+rq673Sw4UYtm+Cg==

Number of household members

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

888999.

miss

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; Max. 12.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.170245398773007; StDev 1.5671164192486307

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P4G8VoLZHBgA9OuGy6K3KQ==

Household income

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Up to 100 KM

12

6.

401 do 500 KM

142

3.

101 do 200 KM

29

9.

701 do 800 KM

99

8.

601 do 700 KM

92

4.

201 do 300 KM

59

17.

More than 2001 KM

31

888998.

na

1267

5.

301 do 400 KM

256

13.

1101 do 1200 KM

34

16.

1500 do 2000 KM

49

10.

801 do 900 KM

87

1.

No income

103

11.

901 do 1000 KM

104

7.

501 do 600 KM

89

15.

1301 do 1500 KM

54

14.

1201 do 1300 KM

41

12.

1001 do 1100 KM

60

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 444401.2502748528; Max. 888998.0; Mean 431890.7856595097

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/zR6EWyvVizjG9pW75GEMQ==

Entity

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Federacija

2396

2.

Republika Srpska

212

3.

Distrikt Brcko

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0812883435582823; Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.2733298280896729

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nysZC8g7xN64gvtKDvRgHg==

Type of settlement

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Urban

1581

2.

Rural

1027

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48868256827683443; Mean 1.3937883435582823; Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g6k8pBlLsrfzXlIq4KIN1A==

Region

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

13.

District Brcko

34

4.

Srednje-bosanski canton

216

3.

Zenicko-dobojski canton

467

11.

Posavski canton

18

9.

North part of RS

94

2.

Tuzlansko-podrinjski canton

606

5.

Hercegovacko-neretvanski canton

234

7.

Canton Sarajevo

445

6.

Zapadno-hercegovacki canton

0

10.

East part of RS

84

12.

Bosansko-podrinjski canton

45

1.

Unsko-sanski canton

323

8.

Hercegbosanski canton

42

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2608.0; StDev 2.9259299337808096; Mean 4.3278374233128885; Max. 13.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ppv+txEYj3Mg5HEPNbq76A==

weight

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.2983801547877297; Max. 3.0072233048593953; Valid 2608.0; Mean 1.0000000000000004; StDev 0.40722701625056934

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+W0xTaLOYlFuVKsYD+Jeng==

Municipality

f3978386 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

131.

ilid�a

85

21.

�amac

0

22.

ora�je

12

180.

bileca

0

24.

modrica

6

117.

breza

19

36.

DOBOJ - ISTOK

29

8.

KOZARSKA DUBICA

4

125.

PROZOR - RAMA

15

111.

NOVI TRAVNIK

20

104.

bratunac

6

89.

DONJI VAKUF

36

75.

�epce

22

150.

�IROKI BRIJEG

0

135.

vogo�ca

50

50.

tuzla

139

170.

rudo

5

59.

kljuc

53

42.

maglaj

20

133.

NOVI GRAD SARAJEVO

110

116.

visoko

59

9.

prijedor

12

47.

lukavac

64

91.

travnik

46

45.

petrovo

0

137.

STARI GRAD SARAJEVO

56

2.

cazin

85

136.

CENTAR SARAJEVO

35

74.

teslic

4

11.

lakta�i

0

25.

gradacac

32

94.

kakanj

64

68.

kne�evo

0

55.

teocak

18

103.

vlasenica

15

185.

milici

6

118.

ilija�

8

78.

banovici

16

39.

te�anj

68

32.

SANSKI MOST

20

64.

MRKONJIC GRAD

0

3.

bihac

79

13.

prnjavor

6

183.

usora

0

110.

GORNJI VAKUF - USKOPLJE

28

7.

NOVI GRAD

0

17.

od�ak

6

106.

livno

17

101.

�ekovici

0

200.

brcko

34

4.

BOSANSKA KRUPA

12

83.

zvornik

26

109.

bugojno

33

139.

NOVO SARAJEVO

72

34.

BANJA LUKA

6

132.

ISTOCNA ILID�A

1

49.

srebrenik

61

38.

doboj

24

12.

srbac

6

61.

ribnik

0

29.

bijeljina

13

173.

capljina

20

161.

nevesinje

0

44.

gracanica

37

115.

kiseljak

12

79.

�ivinice

115

157.

mostar

133

93.

zenica

178

182.

trebinje

0

167.

gora�de

45

172.

citluk

0

65.

jajce

14

179.

ljubinje

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 87.66947852760732; StDev 49.57032522081574; Valid 2608.0; Max. 200.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u7YVPXYq/B8PTTRgBKaz+g==

april

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3961112658420252; Mean 0.1947852760736219; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2608.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IaJyqSMOj0hH0NQZ607gTw==

may

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3972887895090276; Max. 1.0; Valid 2608.0; Mean 0.19631901840490362; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZngB5oaLjoIpHyTVdHj19g==

june

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; StDev 0.41229851953360824; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.21702453987729906; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iMNTpSqJjato6wAWxOOrZg==

july

f3978386 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2608.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3949242725493874; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.19325153374232515;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:94yOe8QOmGiXjk5ctQmsZg==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

CoefPlot.R

Text:

Code to run a modified coefficient plot used to present the results.

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Read_Me.rtf

Text:

Description of included files.

Notes:

text/rtf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

RhetoricRadicalization.R

Text:

Commented code with all results discussed in the main text and the SI.

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

RhetoricRadicalizationLog.log

Text:

Log file containing all regression output.

Notes:

text/plain