Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1) (doi:10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

(external link)

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-09-17

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Huertas-Hernández, Sergio; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, "Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:6:b5NC0ssOhKb75uD6T8qM4Q== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW

Authoring Entity:

Giraudy, Agustina

Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea

Huertas-Hernández, Sergio

Urdinez, Francisco

Producer:

Agustina Giraudy

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Giraudy, Agustina

Depositor:

Gonzalez, Guadalupe

Date of Deposit:

2025-08-27

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Subnational elections, Subnational parties, Argentina subnational, Brazil subnational, Mexico subnational, Governors

Abstract:

The <b>Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)</b> compiles data on subnational executive elections in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico from 1983 to 2024. Produced by the Subnational Politics Project (SPP) team, the database includes information on winning candidates at the subnational level, percentage of votes obtained by the winner, runner-up, and last-place candidates, election date, number of registered voters, valid and invalid votes, number of parties in contest, the effective number of parties (ENP), and other relevant attributes.

Notes:

The codebook for this dataset can be found here: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H96FD

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, “Codebook: Subnational Politics Project (SPP) (v. 1)”,

Bibliographic Citation:

Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, “Codebook: Subnational Politics Project (SPP) (v. 1)”,

File Description--f12076191

File: SEED (v. 1)-1.tab

Number of cases: 2892
No. of variables per record: 28
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Gyy0/YbxNIlZ11cHliMHPg==

File Description--f12076184

File: SEED (v. 1).tab

Number of cases: 2892
No. of variables per record: 28
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:C+l/EHg5SESK6BSY+xWzgw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

country_name - Name of coded country
country_code - ISO 3166-1 numeric country code
state_name - Name of the subnational unit (province/state)
state_code - Numeric code for subnational unit within country
country_state_code - Combined country and state code (country_code + state_code)
region_name - Geographic region within country
year - Calendar year of observation
winner_candidate_sub_exe - Name of the candidate who won and assumed office as governor
date_election_sub_exe - Date of subnational executive electoral process
voters_registered_sub_exe - Total registered voters for subnational executive election
total_voters_sub_exe - Total people who voted in subnational executive election
perc_voter_sub_exe - Voter turnout rate for subnational executive election
valid_votes_sub_exe - Total valid votes for subnational executive election
perc_valid_votes_sub_exe - Valid votes as percentage of total votes
invalid_votes_sub_exe - Total invalid/void votes for subnational executive election
perc_invalid_votes_sub_exe - Invalid votes as percentage of total votes
votes_candidate_winner_sub_exe - Total votes for winning gubernatorial candidate
perc_votes_winner_sub_exe - Vote share of winning gubernatorial candidate
second_place_votes_sub_exe - Total votes for second-place gubernatorial candidate
perc_second_place_sub_exe - Vote share of second-place gubernatorial candidate
last_place_votes_sub_exe - Total votes for last-place gubernatorial candidate
perc_last_place_sub_exe - Vote share of last-place gubernatorial candidate
margin_victory_sub_exe - Victory margin in gubernatorial election
num_parties_contest_sub_exe - Number of parties competing in gubernatorial election
snap_election_sub_exe - Early subnational executive election
enp_sub_exe - Effective Number of Parties competing in gubernatorial elections
reelec_sub_exe - Indicates whether a governor was re-elected to a consecutive mandate
cumulat_electoral_year_sub_exe - Cumulative count of subnational executive elections in the state
country_name - country_name
country_code - country_code
state_name - state_name
state_code - state_code
country_state_code - country_state_code
region_name - region_name
year - year
winner_candidate_sub_exe - winner_candidate_sub_exe
date_election_sub_exe - date_election_sub_exe
voters_registered_sub_exe - voters_registered_sub_exe
total_voters_sub_exe - total_voters_sub_exe
perc_voter_sub_exe - perc_voter_sub_exe
valid_votes_sub_exe - valid_votes_sub_exe
perc_valid_votes_sub_exe - perc_valid_votes_sub_exe
invalid_votes_sub_exe - invalid_votes_sub_exe
perc_invalid_votes_sub_exe - perc_invalid_votes_sub_exe
votes_candidate_winner_sub_exe - votes_candidate_winner_sub_exe
perc_votes_winner_candidate_sub_exe - perc_votes_winner_candidate_sub_exe
second_place_votes_sub_exe - second_place_votes_sub_exe
perc_second_place_sub_exe - perc_second_place_sub_exe
last_place_votes_sub_exe - last_place_votes_sub_exe
perc_last_place_sub_exe - perc_last_place_sub_exe
margin_victory_sub_exe - margin_victory_sub_exe
num_parties_election_contest_sub_exe - num_parties_election_contest_sub_exe
snap_election_sub_exe - snap_election_sub_exe
enp_sub_exe - enp_sub_exe
reelec_sub_exe - reelec_sub_exe
cumulative_electoral_year_sub_exe - cumulative_electoral_year_sub_exe

Variables

Name of coded country

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:aJxcLcR1Icwq3el6TMFavA==

ISO 3166-1 numeric country code

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:j6zUr34SEsNq90xRXKw6nA==

Name of the subnational unit (province/state)

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:BpIDNbhvFb0LFjSVfoxa6Q==

Numeric code for subnational unit within country

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:B0es5BNkz7ly439lOAHH6A==

Combined country and state code (country_code + state_code)

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:G675DF/LO+2zNY3su2CQ/w==

Geographic region within country

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GcFd/SXZrEsGQ3FHD8+X2w==

Calendar year of observation

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2024.0; Min. 1983.0; Mean 2006.4944674965423; Valid 2892.0; StDev 10.981524553628535

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eox6UR9KCAQQmOfYgtc0FA==

Name of the candidate who won and assumed office as governor

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:URAh6UUf+PoV2WCn1LJOoA==

Date of subnational executive electoral process

f12076191 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Fg6ISdhtFr4qzQZEtp4aIQ==

Total registered voters for subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 6241191.211063877; Max. 6.9281828E7; Mean 3241422.8990536267; Min. 42908.0; Valid 634.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XlMW8ANw8RnGq3Itk6zDIQ==

Total people who voted in subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 28734.0; Mean 2460996.43269231; StDev 5046497.134021105; Valid 624.0; Max. 5.4489663E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T5vWogYymtNu7qN747I++Q==

Voter turnout rate for subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 610.0; StDev 12.049687327162058; Mean 72.47889635947519; Max. 96.86528267; Min. 3.8974965700000004;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ASkEenpX5OeCAuNYV2jZUA==

Total valid votes for subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 655.0; StDev 4298349.904874746; Mean 2123615.312977101; Max. 4.7742563E7; Min. 27335.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1/1sBbelTAAiisMkvNjIcw==

Valid votes as percentage of total votes

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 620.0; Max. 99.95323669; StDev 13.487395104427767; Mean 87.19636385026287; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BBag8k0EUwFLBwV1YFTPVw==

Total invalid/void votes for subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 619.0; StDev 1972205.0729413177; Max. 2.457933E7; Min. 70.0; Mean 673722.6122778689

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jXTRiZEiLdqcUffAJkW3qg==

Invalid votes as percentage of total votes

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.826392071335977; Mean 10.540866406907023; Min. 0.0; Valid 620.0; Max. 71.31834823

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ilEZJZdYzpU4ftD+FD5HuA==

Total votes for winning gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 12414.0; Mean 1088906.5690440075; Valid 659.0; StDev 2112895.1314061657; Max. 2.3362638E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uxCDXGnLqoFh3xX6GfLVHg==

Vote share of winning gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 30.69618732; StDev 19.54255025487347; Mean 53.357443189487135; Valid 659.0; Max. 470.03895606267025;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yb2mVk+gyc367i7iC8zv7w==

Total votes for second-place gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.924651E7; StDev 1567556.7019609557; Mean 717410.8452200311; Min. 1434.0; Valid 659.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pjZatr7eZou2XO3Qa6kh9g==

Vote share of second-place gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 659.0; Min. 1.3489868487892984; Mean 33.4151452914923; StDev 18.803325795290903; Max. 443.29444822888286

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xx75wdIB8ZMtiDgHFza5wQ==

Total votes for last-place gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 20676.75; StDev 78820.96467225713; Max. 918347.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 652.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3zm9fKq0UG0WEk63RjX4Qg==

Vote share of last-place gubernatorial candidate

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 653.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.603841907677823; Max. 51.03882833787466; StDev 4.706552730639761

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TSdPvodozk3w+FRRfaKjgQ==

Victory margin in gubernatorial election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.08129445111030309; Valid 659.0; Mean 19.997040586854474; StDev 18.30830466123684; Max. 93.88870332

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9hIDwrLrZSB3u3ksIkEtsA==

Number of parties competing in gubernatorial election

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.295731707317072; StDev 2.805835807436138; Valid 656.0; Max. 28.0; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IfSkXKRpbFoMUAz0cCFt1g==

Early subnational executive election

f12076191 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Otherwise	216
0.	Snap election occurred	216

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:D8ZYmXfFm+P59BHrblUV2A==

Effective Number of Parties competing in gubernatorial elections

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.113; Mean 2.5156331951419917; Valid 658.0; Min. 0.2287092381024438; StDev 0.7015328004903519

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bzGh8HFvd7rIFI62zfZf0g==

Indicates whether a governor was re-elected to a consecutive mandate

f12076191 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Otherwise	2892
0.	Governor was reelected	2892

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5XdmE2sIcdHBJ05nX9Ti6w==

Cumulative count of subnational executive elections in the state

f12076191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 18.50553250345783; StDev 10.981524553628535; Valid 2892.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 42.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RyoFjv4ZKrLwF9c17EPdrg==

country_name

f12076184 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:aJxcLcR1Icwq3el6TMFavA==

country_code

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 484.0; Min. 32.0; Valid 2892.0; Mean 226.89211618256982; StDev 213.53880672757643;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TQ4hCgkObIcCGV4aOetYsg==

state_name

f12076184 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:sGVqKtCoKMBS6Nv5riUcyA==

state_code

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 30.46991701244838; Min. 1.0; Valid 2892.0; Max. 94.0; StDev 22.73126950274749;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ztX0vDihrFnTRH9wrKhV9A==

country_state_code

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3202.0; Max. 48432.0; Valid 2892.0; Mean 22719.68153526941; StDev 21341.707376024693;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BbBAFQsuH6hBhJan8IJYfQ==

region_name

f12076184 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GcFd/SXZrEsGQ3FHD8+X2w==

year

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1983.0; Mean 2006.4944674965423; Valid 2892.0; StDev 10.981524553628535; Max. 2024.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eox6UR9KCAQQmOfYgtc0FA==

winner_candidate_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JOJXa9ULoHaU9uko5MjzFQ==

date_election_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jcBFmQOJssUtBRrx80GnzA==

voters_registered_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 634.0; StDev 6241191.211063877; Min. 42908.0; Mean 3241422.8990536267; Max. 6.9281828E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XlMW8ANw8RnGq3Itk6zDIQ==

total_voters_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5046497.134021105; Max. 5.4489663E7; Min. 28734.0; Valid 624.0; Mean 2460996.43269231

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T5vWogYymtNu7qN747I++Q==

perc_voter_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.049687327162058; Valid 610.0; Max. 96.86528267; Mean 72.47889635947519; Min. 3.89749657

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nBZhEIWNRYRHxQ3K+bA+LQ==

valid_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 27335.0; StDev 4298349.904874746; Mean 2123615.312977101; Valid 655.0; Max. 4.7742563E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1/1sBbelTAAiisMkvNjIcw==

perc_valid_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.95323669; StDev 13.487395104427767; Min. 0.0; Mean 87.19636385026287; Valid 620.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3dfH1kKrmcsaLWwZDWtw8w==

invalid_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1972205.0729413177; Mean 673722.6122778689; Min. 70.0; Max. 2.457933E7; Valid 619.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jXTRiZEiLdqcUffAJkW3qg==

perc_invalid_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 71.31834823; Min. 0.0; Valid 620.0; Mean 10.540866406907023; StDev 13.826392071335977;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ilEZJZdYzpU4ftD+FD5HuA==

votes_candidate_winner_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.3362638E7; StDev 2112895.1314061657; Valid 659.0; Mean 1088906.5690440075; Min. 12414.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uxCDXGnLqoFh3xX6GfLVHg==

perc_votes_winner_candidate_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 30.69618732; Valid 659.0; StDev 19.542550254873458; Mean 53.357443189487135; Max. 470.03895606267

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yb2mVk+gyc367i7iC8zv7w==

second_place_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 717410.8452200311; Max. 1.924651E7; Valid 659.0; StDev 1567556.7019609557; Min. 1434.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pjZatr7eZou2XO3Qa6kh9g==

perc_second_place_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.80332579529091; Valid 659.0; Max. 443.294448228883; Mean 33.4151452914923; Min. 1.3489868487893

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xx75wdIB8ZMtiDgHFza5wQ==

last_place_votes_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 918347.0; Mean 20676.75; Min. 0.0; StDev 78820.96467225713; Valid 652.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3zm9fKq0UG0WEk63RjX4Qg==

perc_last_place_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.706552730639763; Mean 1.603841907677823; Valid 653.0; Max. 51.0388283378747; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TSdPvodozk3w+FRRfaKjgQ==

margin_victory_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.30830466123684; Min. 0.0812944511103031; Valid 659.0; Mean 19.997040586854474; Max. 93.88870332

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9hIDwrLrZSB3u3ksIkEtsA==

num_parties_election_contest_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 656.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 7.295731707317072; Max. 28.0; StDev 2.805835807436138

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IfSkXKRpbFoMUAz0cCFt1g==

snap_election_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 661.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4693903788323097; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6732223903176989

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D//hDv5dEVQkq8UPDKSaGw==

enp_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5156331951419917; Valid 658.0; Min. 0.228709238102444; Max. 7.113; StDev 0.7015328004903519

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bzGh8HFvd7rIFI62zfZf0g==

reelec_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; Valid 2892.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p5o52Pin4HeshDMSKjqFUA==

cumulative_electoral_year_sub_exe

f12076184 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.981524553628535; Mean 18.50553250345783; Valid 2892.0; Max. 42.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RyoFjv4ZKrLwF9c17EPdrg==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

SEED (v. 1).RData

Notes:

application/x-rlang-transport

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

SEED (v. 1).xlsx

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

SPP Codebook (v. 1).pdf

Notes:

application/pdf