Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations (doi:10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations

doi:10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M

Harvard Dataverse

2025-05-07

1

Cordell, Rebecca, 2025, "Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:A09mHJF6/pdZnmG7j8YdYA== [fileUNF]

Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations

doi:10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M

Cordell, Rebecca (University of Pittsburgh)

Rebecca Cordell

Harvard Dataverse

Rebecca Cordell

Cordell, Rebecca

2025-02-13

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M

Social Sciences, Human Rights, Group Identity, Public Opinion, Survey Experiment

Which actor identities and social and political cleavages drive public opinion on human rights violations? While in-group bias is known to influence public responses to government abuses, the relative impact of different identity characteristics has not been directly tested. Building on social identity theory and moral typecasting theory, I use a conjoint survey experiment in the United States of 3,200 respondents to examine the causal effects of in-group bias across multiple actor identities (perpetrator, target, and elite cue giver) and social and political divides (partisanship, race, religion, and citizenship). Party loyalty to the perpetrator dominates other group identities; simply changing the perpetrator’s political identity can be an important determinant for whether respondents oppose violations. Surprisingly, the target’s race, religion, citizenship has mixed impact, and partisan cues have little effect. These findings highlight when group loyalty outweighs human rights concerns and where public demand for government accountability may be reduced.

This dataset underwent an independent verification process, complying with the AJPS Verification Policy updated June 2023, which replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of the code. The verification process was carried out by the Cornell Center for Social Sciences at Cornell University. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded the Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://www.cos.io/">Center for Open Science</a>. <br></br> <img src="https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/2024-04/materials_large_color.png" alt="Open Materials Badge " width="60" height="60"> <br></br> Open Materials Badge

Data source: YouGov human rights survey, 3200 online interviews, fielded June 14, 2021 - June 28, 2021 <br></br> Cordell, Rebecca. 2025. Data from: Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations. American Journal of Political Science Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M

The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Cornell Center for Social Sciences are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

This dataset is made available with limited information on how it can be used. You may wish to communicate with the Contact(s) specified before use.

Cordell, Rebecca. 2025. Data from: Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations. American Journal of Political Science Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M.

Cordell, Rebecca. 2025. Data from: Unpacking the Role of In-Group Bias in US Public Opinion on Human Rights Violations. American Journal of Political Science Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TGAL7M.

• Number of cases: 32000

• No. of variables per record: 68

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:A09mHJF6/pdZnmG7j8YdYA==

• id - id
• outcome1 - outcome1
• outcome2 - outcome2
• perp - perp
• targ_race - targ_race
• targ_relig - targ_relig
• targ_citiz - targ_citiz
• elite - elite
• agent - agent
• targ_nonstate - targ_nonstate
• type - type
• scope - scope
• frame - frame
• perp_match - perp_match
• targ_race_match - targ_race_match
• targ_relig_match - targ_relig_match
• targ_citiz_match - targ_citiz_match
• elite_match - elite_match
• resp_dem - resp_dem
• resp_rep - resp_rep
• perp_targ_race - perp_targ_race
• perp_targ_relig - perp_targ_relig
• perp_targ_citiz - perp_targ_citiz
• perp_elite - perp_elite
• shared_ident - shared_ident
• outcome3 - outcome3
• outcome4 - outcome4
• choice - choice
• incid - incid
• perp_order - perp_order
• targ_order - targ_order
• elite_order - elite_order
• targ_race_perp - targ_race_perp
• targ_race_relig - targ_race_relig
• targ_race_citiz - targ_race_citiz
• targ_race_elite - targ_race_elite
• targ_relig_perp - targ_relig_perp
• targ_relig_race - targ_relig_race
• targ_relig_citiz - targ_relig_citiz
• targ_relig_elite - targ_relig_elite
• targ_citiz_perp - targ_citiz_perp
• targ_citiz_race - targ_citiz_race
• targ_citiz_relig - targ_citiz_relig
• targ_citiz_elite - targ_citiz_elite
• elite_perp - elite_perp
• elite_targ_race - elite_targ_race
• elite_targ_relig - elite_targ_relig
• elite_targ_citiz - elite_targ_citiz
• targ_any_match - targ_any_match
• targ_shared_ident - targ_shared_ident
• resp_age - resp_age
• resp_gender - resp_gender
• resp_white - resp_white
• resp_black - resp_black
• resp_hispanic - resp_hispanic
• resp_asian - resp_asian
• resp_native - resp_native
• resp_middle_east - resp_middle_east
• resp_relig - resp_relig
• resp_citiz - resp_citiz
• resp_educ - resp_educ
• resp_income - resp_income
• resp_ideo - resp_ideo
• resp_party3 - resp_party3
• resp_party7 - resp_party7
• resp_hrinterest - resp_hrinterest
• resp_attent - resp_attent
• resp_time - resp_time

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Summary Statistics: Mean 0.545901042534376; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3087430738697688; Min. 0.0; Valid 32000.0

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Summary Statistics: Valid 32000.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4366250000000042; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4959750967569502

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Summary Statistics: Valid 32000.0; Mean 3.0200000000000107; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4198285098142016

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Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4127929285179142; Valid 32000.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.0181250000000017;

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Summary Statistics: Mean 48.06968750000051; StDev 17.757137572686254; Min. 18.0; Valid 32000.0; Max. 96.0;

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f11115227 Location:

Variable Format: character

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Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7112500000000215; StDev 0.45318854312576645; Min. 0.0; Valid 32000.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

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Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33143142893702726; Valid 32000.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12562499999998936

Variable Format: numeric

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Summary Statistics: Valid 32000.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.16468750000005783; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.37090406630399897

Variable Format: numeric

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Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 32000.0; StDev 0.19669420775113897; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.040312500000000834;

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Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.16972640502918632; Mean 0.02968750000000002; Max. 1.0; Valid 32000.0

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Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0078125; Valid 32000.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.08804377936343029

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cordell_ingroupbiashumanrights_codebook.pdf

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