Replication Data for: Fighting Organized Crime by Targeting their Revenue: Screening, Mafias and Public Funds (doi:10.7910/DVN/R1IIXH)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Fighting Organized Crime by Targeting their Revenue: Screening, Mafias and Public Funds

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/R1IIXH

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2022-03-12

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Dipoppa, Gemma; Daniele, Gianmarco, 2022, "Replication Data for: Fighting Organized Crime by Targeting their Revenue: Screening, Mafias and Public Funds", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R1IIXH, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:RdpJ9q1ZrWcXvFQCwdHLlg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Fighting Organized Crime by Targeting their Revenue: Screening, Mafias and Public Funds

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/R1IIXH

Authoring Entity:

Dipoppa, Gemma (Stanford University)

Daniele, Gianmarco (Bocconi University)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Dipoppa, Gemma

Access Authority:

Daniele, Gianmarco

Depositor:

Dipoppa, Gemma

Date of Deposit:

2022-03-12

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R1IIXH

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Social Sciences, organized crime, public funds misappropriation, european funds

Abstract:

Repressive policies to fight criminal organizations are often met with a violent response from criminal groups. Are non-repressive strategies more effective? Targeting criminal revenues can be a powerful tool if the threat of investigation is credible and if criminals are unable to displace their activity to avoid controls. We study an Italian policy designed to tackle mafia misappropriation of public funds by screening companies applying for subsidies over 150,000 Euros. Using all subsidies to firms co-financed by the European Union from 2008 to 2015, we find that a group of firms starts self-selecting below the threshold immediately after its introduction. Those firms are concentrated in mafia-affected cities, are lower performing, operate in typical mafia sectors and have balance sheet indicators of money laundering. While avoiding violence, non-repressive strategies might have different unintended consequences: criminal organizations react with an immediate strategic displacement which reduces states' capacity to detect them, highlighting the importance of designing policies that anticipate the sophistication of criminal organizations.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

CC0 Waiver

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Bibliographic Citation:

Daniele, Gianmarco and Dipoppa, Gemma (2022) Fighting Organized Crime by Targeting their Revenue: Screening, Mafias and Public Funds. The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization.

File Description--f6089337

File: city-coord.tab

  • Number of cases: 870891

  • No. of variables per record: 3

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:QdIwzb16z4hCumT8XHaNWw==

File Description--f6089336

File: data_agea.tab

  • Number of cases: 94577

  • No. of variables per record: 2

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:dC08rx+OzytA7vuGrZZM1g==

File Description--f6089327

File: data_below50000.tab

  • Number of cases: 99692

  • No. of variables per record: 7

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:YnfKFYFuBItx7lpw9ZVruQ==

File Description--f6089312

File: data_figureheads.tab

  • Number of cases: 22038

  • No. of variables per record: 9

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:yZdP0kCj1LtBMyUfqTLKxw==

File Description--f6089345

File: data_funds.tab

  • Number of cases: 9078

  • No. of variables per record: 33

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:tTbYzuc/f5iImzgf0EXi5Q==

File Description--f6089316

File: data_opencoesione.tab

  • Number of cases: 21136

  • No. of variables per record: 10

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:+rcNxvSESaPNeBf1VvDIOw==

File Description--f6089340

File: data_placebo_opencoesione.tab

  • Number of cases: 1584

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:L4SByXo2zL20Gvtu+J3vYw==

File Description--f6089342

File: data_placebo.tab

  • Number of cases: 1544

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:yxu3dpEBPBXbSjsmzz2Zxg==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

_ID

f6089337 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4426.136516545801; Valid 870891.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2292.9276037743675; Max. 8092.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RFQiec4m/lW/P+v/eeMHdw==

_X

f6089337 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 237011.33553409265; Min. 313279.25139203377; Valid 861817.0; Max. 1312016.150673101; Mean 743609.2543491451;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zh/BlokKdn0qrUNHlbQT7w==

_Y

f6089337 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 861817.0; Mean 4765540.187233173; Max. 5220292.2922602715; Min. 3933846.2156490004; StDev 290159.9492713397;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S5DIk1l8VlKi6tB0UeFSqg==

y

f6089336 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 94344.50182626548; StDev 50602.298980734035; Valid 94577.0; Min. 50000.0; Max. 300000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yxnullqvq+VA/8jN/Qhhnw==

year_bando

f6089336 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2011.8785138609778; StDev 2.8935159009291715; Max. 2027.0; Valid 92562.0; Min. 2001.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pa4VpuNGxQ3HeoDmUakDpw==

COD_REGIONE

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 701.0; StDev 9.315660501962125; Min. 0.0; Mean 12.71357026004376; Valid 99637.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3UooSXktr5bHeIlX9RYy/A==

COD_COMUNE

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 42.50781336250213; StDev 50.52960825141174; Valid 99637.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 315.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0zH/Hrt63xynzaqO1D+LAw==

FINANZ_TOTALE_PUBBLICO

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 44582.253194861776; Valid 99692.0; Max. 250000.0; Min. 4000.01; Mean 36022.12900944759;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9qtG9aRd1gRLqOJJA2NKug==

new_law

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 99692.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.18050595835173705; StDev 0.38461024579642805; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xD/hnYXVPpU1Slwog/bQsg==

Year

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2015.0; Min. 2008.0; Mean 2011.3743429763672; StDev 2.051950142610095; Valid 99692.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jzvQInXt3yDHZixqlZ8Xvg==

n

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 99692.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b5pUieG+3hQ43gLqV4B5LQ==

y_bin

f6089327 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 5000.0; StDev 44610.010552261454; Max. 250000.0; Mean 36382.54824860253; Valid 99692.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Yhb8B2YMkGp/ySLtWxukw==

COD_COMUNE

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 315.0; StDev 86.71724553032605; Valid 20182.0; Mean 71.3439203250397; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fct0Wihnqzd/G+GgBs4Wlw==

anno_

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2011.2359528292538; Max. 2015.0; Min. 2007.0; Valid 20182.0; StDev 2.0723066412276925

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o1b/943r7+x8DtMuLLNx7Q==

DESCR_FORMA_GIURIDICA_SOGG

f6089312 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

48.

Societ���� cooperativa sociale

699

14.

Citt���� metropolitana

0

50.

Societ���� di mutuo soccorso

2

56.

Societ���� a responsabilit���� limitata

454

23.

Ente o autorit���� portuale

0

46.

Societ���� cooperativa a mutualit���� prevalente

121

11.

Azienda pubblica di servizi alle persone ai sensi del d.lgs n. 207/2001

0

35.

Istituto pubblico di assistenza e beneficenza

0

5.

Archivio notarile

0

38.

Ministero

0

15.

Comitato

0

24.

Ente parco

0

52.

Societ���� in accomandita semplice

67

21.

Ente di sviluppo agricolo regionale o di altro ente locale

0

17.

Comunit���� montana o isolana

0

27.

Ente pubblico economico

0

25.

Ente per il turismo

0

19.

Consorzio di diritto pubblico

22

42.

Privato

96

9.

Autorit���� indipendenti

5

18.

Consorzio di diritto privato

285

49.

Societ���� di fatto o irregolare, comunione ereditaria

7372

22.

Ente ecclesiastico

0

20.

Ente ambientale regionale

0

29.

Fondazione bancaria

0

4.

Altro ente pubblico non economico nazionale

312

34.

Istituto o ente pubblico di ricerca

0

37.

Libero professionista

2

43.

Provincia

0

8.

Associazione riconosciuta

6

44.

Regione

0

59.

Universit���� pubblica

0

33.

Istituto e scuola pubblica di ogni ordine e grado

0

1.

Agenzia dello Stato

0

6.

Associazione non riconosciuta

3

39.

Ordine e collegio professionale

0

53.

Societ���� in nome collettivo

120

40.

Organo costituzionale o a rilevanza costituzionale

0

58.

Unione di comuni

0

45.

Societ���� consortile

172

7.

Associazione o raggruppamento temporaneo di imprese

2

30.

Imprenditore individuale agricolo

0

28.

Fondazione (esclusa fondazione bancaria)

0

36.

Lavoratore autonomo

10

10.

Azienda o ente del servizio sanitario nazionale

19

13.

Camera di commercio

0

16.

Comune

0

31.

Imprenditore individuale non agricolo

16

41.

Presidenza del consiglio

0

3.

Altra forma di ente privato senza personalit���� giuridica

6

12.

Azienda speciale ai sensi del t.u. 267/2000

40

54.

Societ���� per azioni

10011

55.

Societ���� semplice

10

47.

Societ���� cooperativa diversa

313

26.

Ente per la ricerca e per l'aggiornamento educativo

0

32.

Impresa o ente privato costituito all'estero non altrimenti classificabile che svolge una attivit���� economica in Italia

2

57.

Studio associato e societ���� di professionisti

7

2.

Altra forma di ente privato con personalit���� giuridica

8

51.

Societ���� in accomandita per azioni

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.128888201738286; Min. 2.0; Valid 20182.0; Mean 50.16148052720263; Max. 57.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zleNcvFqnnxnQg1NqHB3sw==

new_law

f6089312 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Before 2014 Law

16296

1.

After 2014 Law

3886

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1925478148845463; StDev 0.39431061081947355; Valid 20182.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T+mYm2JI7V0OuEgoC+LBuA==

city_mafia

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47325165794292334; Valid 20182.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.661381428996128

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HJIoUcvC5XtQowg0Um4cRQ==

BoD concentration

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0025641026441007853; Mean 0.366237004376106; Valid 20182.0; StDev 0.32640553780951903; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4AlVaXbe7NCyK1vHFi60Dw==

boardmafioso

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.26808495203124294; Mean 0.07794073927262357; Max. 1.0; Valid 20182.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j9s2N5co3iqh6G1yRPFkiw==

BoD 64+ old

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.20647111287285339; Max. 1.0; Valid 20182.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.40478254778148215

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:drVK6omnQyxw62emLtA3Zg==

above

f6089312 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.46192367224856734; Valid 20182.0; Mean 0.3085918144881461

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cxtxqcpueu1owwOdsHjE4w==

den_regione

f6089345 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:3h1rVBtfj2uytLGuL89N5Q==

Govt Inefficiency

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4490322544507274; Mean 0.7199823749724616; Valid 9078.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zkuh5TCKbiDo8hIayr/9BQ==

Corruption

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; StDev 0.45646252719762825; Mean 0.7041198501872592; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nL7N90MzTdEZcCCP3HYIJw==

COD_REGIONE

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.618353968843141; Mean 9.549019607843492; Min. 1.0; Valid 9078.0; Max. 20.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yDGEj3YD8sF8czT11F/2/w==

COD_COMUNE

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Mean 60.70070500110153; StDev 70.02087053757205; Max. 315.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xmUCDihDjlo0TqWR9BCTYQ==

Amount of subsidies

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Max. 250000.0; Min. 50000.0; Mean 114885.08404935019; StDev 52292.078208707586;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oYjXZ562SAwdQmXFLr2LFg==

anno_

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2015.0; Mean 2011.3342145847103; Valid 9078.0; Min. 2008.0; StDev 2.0460166387766394

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vcNQMPFS025p5+VHDHiJbQ==

DESCR_FORMA_GIURIDICA_SOGG

f6089345 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

38.

Ministero

0

3.

Altra forma di ente privato senza personalit���� giuridica

2

36.

Lavoratore autonomo

6

20.

Ente ambientale regionale

0

40.

Organo costituzionale o a rilevanza costituzionale

0

57.

Studio associato e societ���� di professionisti

1

26.

Ente per la ricerca e per l'aggiornamento educativo

0

32.

Impresa o ente privato costituito all'estero non altrimenti classificabile che svolge una attivit���� economica in Italia

1

53.

Societ���� in nome collettivo

73

22.

Ente ecclesiastico

1

45.

Societ���� consortile

104

11.

Azienda pubblica di servizi alle persone ai sensi del d.lgs n. 207/2001

0

41.

Presidenza del consiglio

0

47.

Societ���� cooperativa diversa

167

42.

Privato

43

39.

Ordine e collegio professionale

0

34.

Istituto o ente pubblico di ricerca

0

35.

Istituto pubblico di assistenza e beneficenza

0

23.

Ente o autorit���� portuale

0

8.

Associazione riconosciuta

16

17.

Comunit���� montana o isolana

0

48.

Societ���� cooperativa sociale

299

15.

Comitato

0

7.

Associazione o raggruppamento temporaneo di imprese

5

27.

Ente pubblico economico

0

10.

Azienda o ente del servizio sanitario nazionale

16

55.

Societ���� semplice

5

12.

Azienda speciale ai sensi del t.u. 267/2000

11

25.

Ente per il turismo

0

31.

Imprenditore individuale non agricolo

12

6.

Associazione non riconosciuta

1

29.

Fondazione bancaria

0

2.

Altra forma di ente privato con personalit���� giuridica

10

5.

Archivio notarile

0

13.

Camera di commercio

0

19.

Consorzio di diritto pubblico

8

43.

Provincia

0

9.

Autorit���� indipendenti

5

56.

Societ���� a responsabilit���� limitata

212

18.

Consorzio di diritto privato

168

37.

Libero professionista

1

44.

Regione

0

1.

Agenzia dello Stato

0

52.

Societ���� in accomandita semplice

61

46.

Societ���� cooperativa a mutualit���� prevalente

89

30.

Imprenditore individuale agricolo

0

28.

Fondazione (esclusa fondazione bancaria)

3

16.

Comune

5

59.

Universit���� pubblica

0

50.

Societ���� di mutuo soccorso

1

49.

Societ���� di fatto o irregolare, comunione ereditaria

2363

14.

Citt���� metropolitana

0

33.

Istituto e scuola pubblica di ogni ordine e grado

0

58.

Unione di comuni

0

51.

Societ���� in accomandita per azioni

0

24.

Ente parco

0

54.

Societ���� per azioni

5228

21.

Ente di sviluppo agricolo regionale o di altro ente locale

0

4.

Altro ente pubblico non economico nazionale

161

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; StDev 9.120881391563124; Mean 50.16192994051548; Max. 57.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6kN7IIZ0lA8GgzElDrDmlQ==

new_law

f6089345 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

After 2014 Law

1682

0.

Before 2014 Law

7396

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3885484582659255; Max. 1.0; Valid 9078.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.18528310200484202

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:og0nAlfBr/tj+mUS8PuyCg==

Private cofinancing

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 9078.0; Mean 0.6748182419035067; StDev 0.46846852352102214; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:36wDhgVX51h32HhtYgKfww==

Mafia presence

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6758096497025871; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4680973232217167; Valid 9078.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:05QTUIwITlFuf5h97yLIVA==

Year

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Mean 2011.3342145847103; StDev 2.0460166387766394; Min. 2008.0; Max. 2015.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vcNQMPFS025p5+VHDHiJbQ==

n

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 9078.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:041Pxuo4GZ+64ThnKXQodQ==

Bin

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Mean 115288.71998237517; StDev 52284.132620168035; Min. 50000.0; Max. 250000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:djhyQzWwRyBAqEW8hubSSA==

Just Below 150k, dummy

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.12495048988914328; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.015862524785194853; Valid 9078.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fOXykQ5sucjqrmV+/1M11w==

justbelow_orjustabove

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.46671945641657536; Valid 451.0; Mean 0.3192904656319291;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tjIQABh/DhtAhAE5o5bWgQ==

ndrangheta

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49717669316455754; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 9078.0; Mean 0.5533157083057995;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fwui3g4okb051kggqy3Prw==

delay_end

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; StDev 0.4419615848139093; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.26613791584049556

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BRtMPDf+PoT4xgb2zofNug==

Company Life

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.407590350852267; Min. 0.0; Valid 9078.0; Mean 17.079863406036242; Max. 127.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ngTEitPQx6Jvxx//7UH7uw==

Created 2y before call

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.11665565102445417; StDev 0.3210271992526811; Max. 1.0; Valid 9078.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4GZSDvEu28JkOGbA4UzeDQ==

Research, education

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.48866815197094005; Mean 0.39402952192113366;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eF8Ilw5FesZweqennWKS1A==

Construction, transport

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2876184181537741; StDev 0.4526771880446886

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:198hIHl8ksoHm4ofA2GSDQ==

sector

f6089345 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:awr5GlieAH6rlfaJotU9ZQ==

Total Cash

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 35823.3984375; Mean 23.173055076642108; Min. -7.510375022888184; StDev 506.76919597540024; Valid 5880.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0i6u1P+CHzwJWBV5eRBsqw==

Cash Ratio

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8726898431777954; StDev 0.028803480071032374; Mean 0.006059159047162623; Valid 5880.0; Min. -8.090625487966463E-5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e4J9PXxVuWNkWVegfa6iRQ==

Return on Assets

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 162.197998046875; Mean 2.138751748209729; Min. -884.8499755859375; StDev 14.864292270880659; Valid 9020.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sbAQzd2yGQJnAgqohu/pPg==

Total Debt, winsorized

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 8023.0; Mean 3320.9546971611962; Max. 11680.865234375; Min. 162.0594024658203; StDev 3796.307793671522

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j7v39BeUvPkEy+hcobOIRw==

Bank Debt, winsorized

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 7825.0; Mean 602.2309815507501; Max. 2743.21240234375; StDev 896.7167361657074

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:etlBH0/cQeXtGqKtG7BnTw==

instit

f6089345 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:g3yNrpMPRgY6wlo7Vh1/+Q==

BoD from mafia area

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4195046439628454; StDev 0.4935204048997337; Valid 5814.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2f13j5gNl+TG8eVhLAzqww==

Area ID

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; StDev 2214.522557781086; Max. 8089.0; Valid 9078.0; Mean 4000.5719321437477

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ezvI+jW4kBwrQVr9Pe/jog==

x-coordinate of area centroid

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9078.0; Min. 345957.78125; StDev 253643.2991264002; Max. 1306346.5; Mean 743385.8296293401;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QG18lPI2EuYnf7qoUwkcNg==

y-coordinate of area centroid

f6089345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4778611.524014086; Max. 5169710.5; Valid 9078.0; StDev 226098.16677343904; Min. 3944592.25;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kU/RR9xFtxuHcieJbzHCeg==

COD_REGIONE

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 11.282772333475245; Min. 0.0; StDev 8.352900679464485; Max. 701.0; Valid 21123.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KqCxyNQQOsjCRkkpgUUD+g==

COD_COMUNE

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 315.0; StDev 61.83414140089625; Valid 21123.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 52.18434881408987

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yTyIxQ1JgvvAC9tb/rzieA==

FINANZ_TOTALE_PUBBLICO

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 107808.87623012895; Max. 250000.0; Valid 21136.0; StDev 49186.09207294685; Min. 50000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yNAWEaG+D7KsmFid/a28xw==

new_law

f6089316 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Before 2014 Law

17518

1.

After 2014 Law

3618

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.17117713853140643; Valid 21136.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.37667258806435755

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q9bs8JgIQRVj506Ga9w93w==

city_mafia

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6284538228614704; StDev 0.48322941073436526; Valid 21136.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vnwdB3JUB6JhoEdANv3UoQ==

Year

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2008.0; Max. 2015.0; StDev 2.0202044010661298; Mean 2011.2960352006055; Valid 21136.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NywFFuHgRvuMgoRnCVUL5A==

n

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 21136.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fEdEZhJ/y8uozEOFMo6k4w==

Bin

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 49177.00861466351; Min. 50000.0; Mean 108225.44473883377; Valid 21136.0; Max. 250000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g+hsH4Sj/QQtz1bWcVehgw==

justbelow

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1211695633220076; Mean 0.01490348221044562; Min. 0.0; Valid 21136.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IdCuLNyYou+2kFLbrFN6dg==

ndrangheta

f6089316 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4999920484579602; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.49555261165785364; Min. 0.0; Valid 21136.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7nT2Rbj62RHn+dMzj0sDmQ==

Year

f6089340 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2008.0; Valid 1584.0; StDev 2.292011450163724; Mean 2011.5; Max. 2015.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VPsAhPolbWjEgH5F2kRhDA==

Bin

f6089340 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 50000.0; Max. 247000.0; Mean 148500.0; StDev 57174.998180409944; Valid 1584.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eoqr5gBSiyU04RayylzMOQ==

(rawsum) n

f6089340 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.31719534706510716; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.08964646464646542; Min. 0.0; Valid 1584.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+mKB0v0iL3GgHHZcu1d7Gw==

new_law

f6089340 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Before 2013

1188

1.

After 2013

396

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.25; StDev 0.4331494499461233; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1584.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5oXHJwOF+wRIiMguMK+dNw==

Bin

f6089342 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 243000.0; Mean 147000.0; Valid 1544.0; StDev 55731.60383109856; Min. 51000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bCoRUVDV6vMG1IOWOJdM1A==

year_bando

f6089342 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.292030205458674; Valid 1544.0; Max. 2015.0; Mean 2011.5; Min. 2008.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aTPgpf1X50682lSXGHkAlg==

(rawsum) n

f6089342 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17207601958136018; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.02914507772020749; Valid 1544.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BUQqawDvdXnJSaeXqmTbPA==

new_law

f6089342 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

After 2013

386

0.

Before 2013

1158

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4331529943637093; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.25; Valid 1544.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uVKWGrQZVj9oa7LUfqXtzw==

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