Replication data for: Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach. (doi:10.7910/DVN/R0Z3ND)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach.

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/R0Z3ND

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2026-02-12

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Tuki, Daniel, 2026, "Replication data for: Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach.", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R0Z3ND, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:+xMItMhmvljHkyw8V7sqYw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach.

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/R0Z3ND

Authoring Entity:

Tuki, Daniel

Software used in Production:

STATA

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Tuki, Daniel

Depositor:

Tuki, Daniel

Date of Deposit:

2025-09-16

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R0Z3ND

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Conflict

Abstract:

The data and do-files underlying the regression results have been provided.

Notes:

Even though the incidence of conflicts between Fulani nomadic pastoralists and sedentary communities in Nigeria has risen significantly in the last decade, there is a notable lack of research examining how these conflicts influence distrust towards members of the Fulani ethnic group and Muslims. Using novel survey data from Kaduna, the state with the third-highest incidence of pastoral conflict in Nigeria, this study addresses that gap. Regression analyses show that exposure to pastoral conflict increases distrust towards the Fulani and Muslims. This suggests a contagion effect whereby the Fulani are conflated with the broader Muslim population, due to the Muslim identity of nomadic Fulani pastoralists. Disaggregating the data by religious affiliation reveals a pattern: conflict exposure raises distrust only among Muslim respondents, while effects are statistically insignificant among Christians. Among Muslims, the positive effect suggests that pastoral conflict erodes in-group cohesion. The null effect among Christians may reflect the way in which pastoral conflicts align with pre-existing religious fault lines.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Tuki, Daniel (2026). Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach. Environment and Development Economics, 1–30.

Bibliographic Citation:

Tuki, Daniel (2026). Pastoral conflicts and (dis)trust: Evidence from Nigeria using an instrumental variable approach. Environment and Development Economics, 1–30.

File Description--f13456658

File: data_pastoralists.tab

  • Number of cases: 255

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:ArN+/JNweg8epcPys0wbkA==

File Description--f13456660

File: main_data_residents.tab

  • Number of cases: 1353

  • No. of variables per record: 12

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Li46SpSKEximBI4egLQpTw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • ethnic - What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?
  • ethnic_other
  • cattletheft - During the past 5 years, have your cattle been stolen?
  • relig - What is your religion?
  • age1 - Age of respondents in years
  • gender1 - Female = 1; Male = 0
  • hhecon - Household socioeconomic condition
  • relig - Muslim = 1; Xtian = 0
  • ethnic - What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?
  • trust_mus - Trust in Muslims
  • trust_fulani - Trust in Fulani
  • vioaffected - During the last 10 years, have you or your close family members been affected by
  • fp_all_10km - Pastoral conflicts within 10km buffer (ACLED)
  • fp_1_fatal_10km - Pastoral conflicts within 10km buffer - 1 fatality (ACLED)
  • dist_gov_house - Distance to the state Government house (km)
  • spei_1997_2020_3_month - SPEI Drought Index

Variables

What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?

f13456658 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

17.

Isoko

0

10.

Hausa

3

12.

Idoma

0

5.

Efik

0

24.

Kataf

0

14.

Igbo

0

20.

Kagoma

0

8.

Fulani

247

29.

Tiv

0

9.

Gwari

0

3.

Ebira

0

-77.

Don't want to answer [INTERVIEWER: Don't read out]

0

31.

Yoruba

0

30.

Urhobo

0

7.

Etsako

0

33.

Other, please specify:

5

32.

Nigerian only, or 'doesn’t think of self in those terms'

0

26.

Owan

0

23.

Kanuri

0

22.

Kalabari

0

16.

Ikwere

0

21.

Bajju

0

-66.

Don’t know [INTERVIEWER: Don't read out]

0

0.

Awori

0

27.

Shuwa-Arab

0

13.

Igala

0

11.

Ibibio

0

4.

Edo

0

19.

Jukun

0

25.

Nupe

0

1.

Bini

0

15.

Ijaw

0

6.

Esan

0

2.

Birom

0

28.

Tapa

0

18.

Itsekiri

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.513725490196078; Min. 8.0; Valid 255.0; StDev 3.4764120570624915; Max. 33.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fP+SOukTYCNslC4SOKiezQ==

ethnic_other

f13456658 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PUHykPym7JvKRCwZOX783w==

During the past 5 years, have your cattle been stolen?

f13456658 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Yes, two or three times

34

0.

No

172

1.

Yes, one time

32

3.

Yes, four or more times

17

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9548556260690871; Max. 3.0; Valid 255.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5921568627450982

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4ss3ZfLmXeDgGRUP07KkUQ==

What is your religion?

f13456658 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

None

0

1.

Muslim

255

2.

Other

0

0.

Christian

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 255.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P7gncJhvlFCRwUnOU1oEww==

Age of respondents in years

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.003805262617782; Mean 34.39137017411052; Max. 85.0; Valid 1321.0; Min. 15.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9bSaKlofq74jO7n4qrD3Lg==

Female = 1; Male = 0

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49691083417929843; Mean 0.5571536714610144; Valid 1321.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+0C9wbN922wSh0C8Xe3+fA==

Household socioeconomic condition

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Money is enough for basic, but not enough for expensive durables like a motorbik

242

0.

Money is not enough for food.

439

1.

Money is enough for food, but not for other basics like clothing, education, or

547

4.

We can afford to buy almost anything.

28

3.

We can afford to buy some expensive durables like a motorbike/power generator.

42

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9210768061064788; Valid 1298.0; Mean 0.9776579352850541; Min. 0.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:emrcF3ZhT/7QNk8cBAUEVw==

Muslim = 1; Xtian = 0

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Other

0

3.

None

0

1.

Muslim

728

0.

Christian

570

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5608628659476113; Valid 1298.0; StDev 0.4964731694773626; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BgnCxy1ceeKX3648hvNjNg==

What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

17.

Isoko

1

8.

Fulani

53

-66.

Don’t know [INTERVIEWER: Don't read out]

0

25.

Nupe

2

24.

Kataf

20

26.

Owan

0

31.

Yoruba

20

5.

Efik

0

21.

Bajju

21

14.

Igbo

17

27.

Shuwa-Arab

0

9.

Gwari

25

3.

Ebira

1

1.

Bini

0

-77.

Don't want to answer [INTERVIEWER: Don't read out]

0

23.

Kanuri

2

33.

Other, please specify:

470

0.

Awori

0

10.

Hausa

594

15.

Ijaw

0

29.

Tiv

6

22.

Kalabari

0

18.

Itsekiri

1

4.

Edo

2

11.

Ibibio

2

20.

Kagoma

26

16.

Ikwere

2

7.

Etsako

0

12.

Idoma

12

28.

Tapa

0

2.

Birom

5

30.

Urhobo

2

19.

Jukun

1

32.

Nigerian only, or 'doesn’t think of self in those terms'

0

6.

Esan

0

13.

Igala

13

Summary Statistics: Max. 33.0; StDev 11.008064029472132; Valid 1298.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 19.391371340523893;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o31w//18MIGaonuXA24RKQ==

Trust in Muslims

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

-77.

Don’t want to answer

0

2.

Neither trust nor distrust

47

4.

Do not trust at all

114

3.

Do not trust very much

138

1.

Trust somewhat

370

0.

Trust completely

620

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3197699471148427; Max. 4.0; Valid 1289.0; Mean 1.0349107835531417; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2bw963QAtaHo+NrnvCArSw==

Trust in Fulani

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Trust completely

315

-77.

Don’t want to answer

0

2.

Neither trust nor distrust

68

1.

Trust somewhat

369

3.

Do not trust very much

159

4.

Do not trust at all

367

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.9170579029733952; Min. 0.0; Valid 1278.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.5946288413030267

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XITtj3ggbkIbz6EyLoX/Lw==

During the last 10 years, have you or your close family members been affected by

f13456660 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

1066

1.

Yes

232

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3832792080726946; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1787365177195685; Valid 1298.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N138f3icJO282E7YDCTxaA==

Pastoral conflicts within 10km buffer (ACLED)

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.124168514412444; Min. 0.0; StDev 5.855580689751118; Valid 1353.0; Max. 19.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nelotd9C4pOjWR2pU3fWWw==

Pastoral conflicts within 10km buffer - 1 fatality (ACLED)

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1353.0; StDev 5.089977909014308; Max. 17.0; Mean 3.6178861788618035; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2YOrViQAyX8I+pheDcmm5g==

Distance to the state Government house (km)

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1353.0; Mean 82.31003345763922; Max. 191.40711975097656; StDev 58.333069396045666; Min. 0.840502142906189;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CLyRM7sXoJZKznaf6H3rjg==

SPEI Drought Index

f13456660 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.2293890118598938; Valid 1353.0; StDev 0.06929134915450279; Max. -0.0018565679201856256; Mean -0.08929875930153434

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D1OUxFagiFO2DrEabChzjA==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

ACLED data_1997-2022.dta

Text:

Notes:

application/x-stata-14

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

ACLED_do_file.do

Text:

Notes:

text/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Read me.pdf

Text:

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

regressions_codes.do

Text:

Notes:

text/x-stata-syntax