Replication Data for: Women Want an Answer! Field Experiments on Elected Officials and Gender Bias (doi:10.7910/DVN/MLUEAJ)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Replication Data for: Women Want an Answer! Field Experiments on Elected Officials and Gender Bias

doi:10.7910/DVN/MLUEAJ

Harvard Dataverse

2020-06-22

1

Magni, Gabriele; Ponce de Leon, Zoila, 2020, "Replication Data for: Women Want an Answer! Field Experiments on Elected Officials and Gender Bias", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MLUEAJ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:rqfW3xIbiafFw+tMShqFvg== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Women Want an Answer! Field Experiments on Elected Officials and Gender Bias

doi:10.7910/DVN/MLUEAJ

Magni, Gabriele

Ponce de Leon, Zoila

Harvard Dataverse

Magni, Gabriele

Ponce de Leon, Zoila

Magni, Gabriele

2020-06-18

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MLUEAJ

Social Sciences, gender bias, legislator, descriptive representation, audit experiments

Are elected officials more responsive to men than women inquiring about access to government services? Women face discrimination in many realms of politics, but evidence is limited on whether such discrimination extends to interactions between women and elected officials. In recent years, several field experiments have examined public officials’ responsiveness. The majority focused on racial bias in the United States, while the few experiments outside the US were usually single-country studies. We explore gender bias with the first large-scale audit experiment in 5 countries in Europe (France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands) and 6 in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay). A citizen alias whose gender is randomized contacts members of parliament about unemployment benefits or healthcare services. The results are surprising. Legislators respond significantly more to women (+3% points), especially in Europe (+4.3% points). In Europe, female legislators in particular reply substantially more to women (+8.4% points).

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 13

• No. of variables per record: 8

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:cw8iHV4WPuIehfbTHBS7hQ==

Calculation of means and proportions in Excel

• Number of cases: 3685

• No. of variables per record: 35

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:FvYvrCh2cw0NuktagoTomw==

Dataset with experimental data

• A - A
• #EmailsSent - #EmailsSent
• Replies - Replies
• RR - RR
• E - E
• F - F
• G - G
• H - H
• id - id
• europe - europe
• country - country
• full.name - full.name
• last.name - last.name
• female - female
• yob - yob
• age - age
• minister - minister
• treat - treat
• resp.1 - resp.1
• resp.1.and.2 - resp.1.and.2
• resp.2.LA - resp.2.LA
• real.resp.1 - real.resp.1
• real.resp.1.and.2 - real.resp.1.and.2
• number.resp - number.resp
• party - party
• party.family - party.family
• party.gen.ideo - party.gen.ideo
• party.eco.ideo - party.eco.ideo
• party.soc.ideo - party.soc.ideo
• gov.coal - gov.coal
• days.before.elect - days.before.elect
• elec.syst - elec.syst
• es.proport  - es.proport
• es.prefer - es.prefer
• female.mps - female.mps
• female.mps.elecsyst - female.mps.elecsyst
• not.sent - not.sent
• ideol.LA - ideol.LA
• date.sent - date.sent
• pre.elect - pre.elect
• pre.days - pre.days
• post.elect - post.elect
• post.days - post.days

f3876321 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Zyw5HAl0jtBLrpN4GKOvZw==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 990.1344108327675; Mean 614.1666666666667; Min. 95.0; Max. 3685.0; Valid 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zq3Gn9I7ajzYDHCMD4viuA==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 82.72727272727272; Min. 7.0; StDev 96.23834049804778; Max. 337.0; Valid 11.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xZA9ipHbXCsrNW545E3ecg==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 25.753604980488497; Min. 5.664488017429194; Mean 27.090237482968647; Max. 89.24050632911393; Valid 11.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NBh/WN9rfdhDKXMrBA2DOw==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lMEe08PHMBatuSQWNSZ44Q==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lMEe08PHMBatuSQWNSZ44Q==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lMEe08PHMBatuSQWNSZ44Q==

f3876321 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lMEe08PHMBatuSQWNSZ44Q==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1084.5469066014532; Min. 1.0; Valid 3685.0; Max. 3782.0; Mean 1875.8488466756398;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DEdKeXTGRgdPAZiAyjoBHg==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3685.0; Mean 0.5774762550882031; StDev 0.4940279967329807; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:siFQk8ga23vPIqXlQoyxKg==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PJYbpazTOC1PNPoyHPaXCw==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:/tudtU6eQU9/fmHIW/3YFQ==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7aEzlNAyjNoAymxBpro/6w==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.45560587702572586; Min. 0.0; Valid 3685.0; Mean 0.2938941655359546;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P4dRJdP1tnRVEsW4DUTAUQ==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:vSuqYF9HdnnLoORnOh/2/w==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+XUbQEvpot21iuqUzU/6xQ==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.019736842105262883; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1391272626747164; Valid 2128.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mMy0YxadyalEcjyO0YdeEQ==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JLgaQRCZfzWq/OvVoi0kxg==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4386789210674498; Max. 1.0; Valid 3685.0; Mean 0.259972862957927; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pg64g/xsHNjbi0ijqBrQpA==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4529051086739548; Mean 0.2854816824966153; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 3685.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NiQ8doF5529h0DJLBJ6s8g==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:emvVc9PZgFkalqE2PyFSPA==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4314533645015967; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.24721845318859795; Max. 1.0; Valid 3685.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mfwkIxIQz9goAKFBQRN63g==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.26974219810041056; Valid 3685.0; StDev 0.44510739200201127

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h9BmhlaBB4/M8UXn6kkK3w==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48964259789139386; Mean 0.2982360922659469; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 3685.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bSf3b9R090Aj0liL02De+Q==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:plb8hj20j8wdrw4ut18P4A==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:3nhnS5Ajmh5f2pCyxDAbpQ==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zZ6ZbFxxawxDV19b+7+Ltw==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:HTIA76KcNLFlrdDs6Udalw==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9727264939248528; Mean 4.576911923827123; Max. 9.444444656; Valid 2013.0; Min. 0.285714298

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q6Jp2mKYvgxz3iiHGhjMMA==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.496256077497684; Valid 3684.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5616178067318108

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6NjOocIonbVNc1WfeHilLQ==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2gLUXH3U5BGx+DjTo52cSg==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8o971ejsHEE9A3+IG9iZcA==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 3685.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6602442333785633; StDev 0.4736904859612568;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bcDTC3edHQN5wLc6NH11kg==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4911973353113946; Mean 0.5937584803256427; Max. 1.0; Valid 3685.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HAlNkc+g1mLJE4HEUYaz/g==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 10.3; Max. 43.2; Valid 3685.0; Mean 29.186295793758465; StDev 10.450518301668357;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kl9ytkz/GpXHB2YxsJWxEQ==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 29.252189959294515; Valid 3685.0; Min. 10.3; StDev 12.241712475333157; Max. 51.14;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YeJbvcSz+wolHu7Zp6tZVw==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3685.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iJFffO4sOns3+CgW43HglA==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:x/fFXr74/RJT+5MdlT3cwQ==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PFv+ZEEr1gYtndtUUIc1cA==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:L336obMApbfPE7aV7stAbA==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1115.6898236092213; Min. 123.0; Max. 1772.0; StDev 484.1274588736979; Valid 3685.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C0o7EpRobQn4bgnTkGAbcg==

f3876323 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ilBFx3vfBCeMRFL2BfBg1A==

f3876323 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 407.5243330033382; Mean 455.81221166892544; Min. 35.0; Max. 1749.0; Valid 3685.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vhsf804IYKlBobd0wFWOxg==

Label:

Analysis-ReadMe-File.docx

Text:

Word file explaining how the analysis was conducted

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

Label:

magni-poncedeleon-JEPS2020.R

Text:

R file containing code for appendix tables

type/x-r-syntax