Replication Data for: City-State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption (doi:10.7910/DVN/KU4OCK)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: City-State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption

doi:10.7910/DVN/KU4OCK

Harvard Dataverse

2021-05-29

1

Barber, Michael; Dynes, Adam M., 2021, "Replication Data for: City-State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KU4OCK, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:+71XZWfuLqUR795rrgEx+w== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: City-State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption

doi:10.7910/DVN/KU4OCK

Barber, Michael (Brigham Young University)

Dynes, Adam M. (Brigham Young University)

Barber, Michael

Dynes, Adam M.

Harvard Dataverse

Barber, Michael

Dynes, Adam M.

Dynes, Adam M.

2021-04-16

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KU4OCK

Social Sciences, Preemption, Representation, Intergovernmental politics, State politics, Local politics, Elite survey

A growing concern among municipal officials across the U.S. is that their policymaking capacity is under attack by state legislatures who are increasingly likely to preempt those municipalities. However, determining the extent to which municipalities are preempted is challenging. We overcome this by surveying a large sample of municipal officials from across the U.S. We find that officials from municipalities that are more ideologically distant from their state overall are more likely to report being preempted by their state government. Moreover, this pattern is driven by more liberal municipalities in both Republican and Democratic states reporting higher rates of preemption. Additionally, municipalities under unified state governments are more likely to report preemption, especially those under unified Republican control. These findings have important implications for the quality of representation in our federalist system and indicate that preemption is not just an issue between Republican states and liberal urban cities.

United States

This dataset underwent an independent verification process that replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of code. The verification process was carried out by the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <br></br> Note: To maintain the confidentiality of the participants, the authors cannot share the original data set. The authors shared the original data with Odum Institute for verification purposes. In Dataverse, they have posted a version of the data set with added noise to protect the confidentiality of the respondents. See the readme for more information. To access a version of the dataset without added noise, please contact the authors. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki/home/" target="_blank">Center for Open Science</a>.<br></br> <img src="https://odum.unc.edu/files/2020/03/OpenMaterials_PR-1.png" alt="Open Materials Badge" height="77" width="80">

Butler, Daniel M., and Adam M. Dynes. 2016. “2016 AMOS.” American Municipal Officials Survey. http://www.municipalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/AMOS2016_details-of-sample.pdf. <br></br> Data Trust. 2017. “National Voter File.” Accessed July, 2017. https://thedatatrust.com; (202) 733-5235. <br></br> Tausanovitch, Chris, and Christopher Warshaw. 2013. "Measuring Constituent Policy Preferences in Congress, State Legislatures, and Cities." Journal of Politics 75 (2): 330-342. https://americanideologyproject.com/ <br></br> US Census Bureau. 2016. “2016 Data Release.” American Community Survey. Accessed May 7, 2020. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/news/data-releases.2016.html <br></br> US Census Bureau. 2016. “Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions: April 2, 2020 to July 1, 2015.” Accessed September, 2016. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.htm

The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

This dataset is made available with limited information on how it can be used. You may wish to communicate with the Contact(s) specified before use.

10.1111/ajps.12655

Barber, Michael, and Adam Dynes. 2021. “City-State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption.” <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> 67 (1): 119-36.

• Number of cases: 28104

• No. of variables per record: 31

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:jpObNxqsLwuaWDUaoLpdkA==

• Number of cases: 30786

• No. of variables per record: 61

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:WxALHO/h7a3DaE1JruR48g==

• fipsstate
• fipscounty
• fipsplace
• fipscousub
• fipsconcit
• id
• city
• state
• st
• countyprimary
• countyprimaryfips
• city_mrp
• county_mrp
• city_county_mrp
• state_mrp
• city_state_mrp_distance
• city_state_mrp_distance_abs
• city_state_mrp_dist_cityonly
• city_state_mrp_dist_abs_cityonly
• census2010pop
• total_population
• log_population
• pct_homeown
• pct_rent
• med_income10k
• pct_unempl
• median_age
• pct_asian
• pct_black
• pct_latino
• pct_white
• respondent_id
• question
• p_did_they_try
• city_id
• state_id
• mayor
• staff
• legislator
• total_population
• log_population
• median_age
• pct_white
• pct_black
• pct_asian
• pct_latino
• pct_unempl
• med_income10k
• pct_homeown
• pct_rent
• state_mrp
• city_mrp
• capital
• county_mrp
• voter_file_city_partisanship
• city_county_mrp
• state_pct_dem_leg
• state_pct_rep_leg
• city_state_mrp_dist_cityonly
• city_state_mrp_distance
• city_state_mrp_distance_abs
• city_state_mrp_dist_abs_cityonly
• voter_file_distance
• voter_file_distance_abs
• republican
• democrat
• position_elect_nonpartisan
• position_elect_partisan
• time_in_office
• female
• preempt
• unified_republican_state
• unified_democrat_state
• question_text
• preempt_index
• N
• o_unclear
• o_drugs
• o_publicsafety
• o_nontaxrevenue
• o_transportation
• o_businessregulation
• o_utilities
• o_naturalresources
• o_monuments
• o_fiscal
• o_redevelopment
• o_cityadmin
• o_othersocial
• o_any
• party_agree
• obs_for_rep

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MzaKyj0Rs86dmFESOsPoZg==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:9NMBen3vC7XMP37kijK+lA==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:DHRihYX+6Bwu+/wOyCOiYQ==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jZI80b1rl5C7P+rQ3m3b2Q==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:TaVXQ4cPVcXJt0rIs37CFA==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5+E2u1jdY0EIJmI2uLa2jg==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:V5m38+++GUyvzx8n0nIF7w==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:A+O3OrJKsVcrFrvMtrsxPA==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:wcQEP4i+ocM+H8rK9oaInQ==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6LVCmrUvxHul6586KSh40g==

f4745927 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5MFvs+vZQMl7G8JX7f/mNQ==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1310.0; Min. -1.0192512273788452; Max. 0.6471689939498901; StDev 0.26331324712267745; Mean -0.06969392426598417;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0jjwskvr3RPv2j4b3XrkDw==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1689847237257291; StDev 0.26895088847166915; Min. -1.098036766052246; Max. 0.9170258045196533; Valid 28091.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iqiuRgUQNHHb5WnDjziirA==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1310.0; StDev 0.26331324712267745; Max. 0.6471689939498901; Mean -0.06969392426598417; Min. -1.0192512273788452

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0jjwskvr3RPv2j4b3XrkDw==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.3907361626625061; Max. 0.33289799094200134; StDev 0.1642336094239366; Mean 0.020308043009114034; Valid 28104.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PFnsH6jrZEQH4ywRjx8f6A==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.6208950281143188; Max. 0.8426515460014343; StDev 0.22260644333754145; Valid 1310.0; Mean 0.0401443709491377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SiqJU/hZaSilYhWv6oF++g==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8426515460014343; StDev 0.14485702728088626; Mean 0.17366586183730995; Min. 2.8493255376815796E-4; Valid 1310.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N55XHwOuZJfIn1C/N/7Dww==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1310.0; StDev 0.22260644333754145; Min. -0.6208950281143188; Mean 0.0401443709491377; Max. 0.8426515460014343;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SiqJU/hZaSilYhWv6oF++g==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.14485702728088626; Mean 0.17366586183730995; Max. 0.8426515460014343; Min. 2.8493255376815796E-4; Valid 1310.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N55XHwOuZJfIn1C/N/7Dww==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 8192.121542628975; Valid 28056.0; StDev 67265.90637088244; Max. 8175133.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:olL8EI7v2FS7kvsswocDzA==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 27903.0; Max. 8461961.0; StDev 69986.39597113625; Mean 8481.149983872578;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Bi+WpJtj7pMZuvCR+vndoQ==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.2356730375502805; Valid 27886.0; Max. 15.951091766357422; StDev 1.7710623462585358; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DU1XJHUEYWjOXAmX/clyhg==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 15.049593956917663; Mean 74.13371705217851; Max. 100.0; Valid 27885.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LSgHCtdh2ANagCHGC3IGAg==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 25.866749148287557; StDev 15.049476512053205; Valid 27885.0; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uW+Qsg1XSFmTs4BmjARc6Q==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.320483847186382; Valid 27503.0; Max. 24.875; Min. 0.928600013256073; StDev 2.2985117400092143

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nox/Fe0/7AY3doGy1Fu3ZQ==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.897531218601937; Min. 0.0; Valid 27868.0; StDev 5.2582853065027875; Max. 100.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+M/PmXLVDtMesWgnGgyLGA==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.020001749577991; Min. 4.6; Mean 42.098266456105115; Valid 27862.0; Max. 86.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RQEKeeitMTuJq565NuPNqw==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 3.555592086805812; Max. 67.5; Mean 1.2888341912270354; Valid 27886.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6HFLrGPtQI90h5PIXFJHbw==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.866465979534103; Valid 27886.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 14.571112217323384

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yn3rCnBIglw7ejJFTG5Mtg==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.572608550768916; Valid 27886.0; Max. 99.8; Mean 6.475682378461396; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m8Vszv+qLxxhqbsXaMhyfw==

f4745927 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 27886.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 87.83262893888353; StDev 17.702685885939236; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F+t9DSmRU4QJ+kl5Lzle/A==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30786.0; Max. 4398.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2199.5; StDev 1269.6138292833582;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yq0boGpylLQv+3xckG/D8w==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.000032483088494; Mean 4.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 30786.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yvrWJPGljWmLfzYpmBmjWA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.99529866015591; Valid 26509.0; Mean -0.08661209400586535; Min. -99.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OcNKSRbgEvCmOIPQLl5ZDA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 694.229752813735; Mean 1190.5463847203282; Max. 2408.0; Valid 30786.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CqC7c3T8Jq1lwVMzxfz8uQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7482.911081960292; Valid 30786.0; Mean 15449.574806730325; Max. 30453.0; Min. 1274.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:brDTkl80SF0UdbEgQA9bnw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3248406634295981; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 30786.0; Mean 0.11989215877346909;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S5qEsW6BjqruJ7Czf0dlVw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33906916158451517; Min. 0.0; Valid 30786.0; Mean 0.1325277723640635; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3f2WHgyXMi0LC8fDBhLxXQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6639056714090814; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 30786.0; StDev 0.47237927457767726;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BX/lDUZomHc72sdMOiXCqA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2810698.8468255633; Valid 30786.0; Min. 62.50677101315929; Mean 49684.2643599645; StDev 158970.7196265704;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZqBovdi0iKM90kd3sVXHrg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 14.848943710327148; Min. 4.135274887084961; StDev 1.4856522153007836; Valid 30786.0; Mean 9.59816181079643

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wN3Vp3p/Zrucn+8Vv8nmuQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 38.9046055200268; Valid 30786.0; Max. 69.17753472328187; StDev 7.223255548602395; Min. 18.298846340179445

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j1HMg/pgGdiaqCoTySrKXw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17110701405048498; Max. 1.0740453566908836; Mean 0.8086162181862535; Min. -0.007951453417539597; Valid 30786.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U02mIB1HnDnoB3WwynEAyA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30786.0; Max. 0.9533472010567785; Min. -0.06588448041677475; Mean 0.0870554274252268; StDev 0.139837616598402;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YE7wIIPLVVdaHV1pjxGYJg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.028413303196430206; StDev 0.058896930471302775; Mean 0.038138660123653384; Max. 0.602059800947085; Valid 30786.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UBAGSuR7UnTAbxrfeo0K+A==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0045970478653907; StDev 0.15368588760450305; Valid 30786.0; Mean 0.11525801327730228; Min. -0.07350513339042664

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pa3NnStpKH/GITAxzhPoeQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.06810175006426887; Max. 0.30517817766964433; Valid 30772.0; Min. -0.01621214486658573; StDev 0.034307900404105626;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:avLWEwfzu7B2dypjvJA+TQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.9280805149322817; Min. 0.7626200338363647; Max. 25.880332946777344; Valid 30772.0; Mean 6.323317798665801;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wQU2GngxO1xXZD1SkdIzyA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.10765616339445114; Mean 0.645024379832508; Valid 30786.0; StDev 0.15785310908199626; Max. 1.063436932861805;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q02HQrrw5EH91JCfzj+SBA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30786.0; StDev 0.15889849578439402; Max. 0.9075372766256332; Mean 0.3536806909472564; Min. -0.06934721767902374;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xwk/oYjIBB2OLmspemXNeA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30786.0; Mean -0.014634196377356846; Min. -0.4147689566016197; Max. 0.3905792459845543; StDev 0.17627077781582076

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4Gm7EAs6V/ioV7MUS1GXg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.10205815605741902; Min. -1.1015120521187782; Max. 0.7335570305585861; Valid 8505.0; StDev 0.30958661689874195;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rwQPvkFaepVXMZo4DbzSaw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03206002728512938; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.17616239656895044; Valid 30786.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cLwRUx8lLX3lk3ea1rwmdw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.0031208555035176664; StDev 0.32588472465146057; Valid 30079.0; Max. 0.9323198672335129; Min. -0.9104347180831642;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dip8xLplTCb99adRR20kTg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2022214987863644; Valid 30366.0; Max. 1.076381620932494; Min. -0.0692896693944931; Mean 0.47829446419810234;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oUG0u0G5Rq81JHfvwq1osg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30303.0; StDev 0.3220056369674728; Min. -1.1015120521187782; Mean -0.006465507164335067; Max. 0.9323198672335129

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hIfZwVdAyOBzxa1k4kBxXw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16685667489656503; Mean 0.45493953302814333; Valid 30702.0; Max. 0.9020266125526278; Min. 0.07772555301586787

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wZiDXCWm4nUpAVMtw9NPmw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.09797338744737216; Valid 30702.0; Mean 0.5450604669718566; StDev 0.1668566748965653; Max. 0.9222744469841322;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wD64mQA5ZKUnu01AFd31Mw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.25477298496331346; Max. 0.5850024614483118; Mean -0.0925214073012081; Min. -1.0082271844148636; Valid 8505.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cxLs0UnNmXQ60gVrQAHDVA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2850271574837666; Valid 30303.0; Max. 0.8104720709286366; Min. -1.0082271844148636; Mean 0.008446570476399694;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MGlwv2XfSgV/ThjWZhY+/A==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30303.0; Max. 1.0082271844148636; StDev 0.17542228258721707; Min. 1.6938281372261277E-4; Mean 0.224804765071168

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9169/rmwop94tpeM4FU80g==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17508386200835285; Valid 8505.0; Mean 0.20690842979329338; Max. 1.0082271844148636; Min. 9.089112281799316E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J4AuM/jbB5y+7+RmPe9i/w==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.6638109633800542; Min. -0.6933836077768702; StDev 0.20782877521159884; Mean -0.0670544779768659; Valid 30282.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9WTXwJrG2B9/tfDWI1fz7w==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0920916864086703E-4; Max. 0.6933836077768702; Mean 0.17380907556594746; StDev 0.132206879237242; Valid 30282.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qsDPyjd23b12KLlEB1u4eA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 27489.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3401360544217683; StDev 0.47376332070932076

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yeCEYMt7uZ1FKLf2JnBjdg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 27489.0; Mean 0.3377350940376166; StDev 0.47294633659843516; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p0mSMLBsmxA8wSfqZ+ScwA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.48084790231141045; Valid 27139.0; Mean 0.6370905339179751; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sMIOa3h+W9Lky8pdETPL3A==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2486827075426476; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4322574502641737; Valid 27139.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pi8L8Kr7M+3Cs3s+gzZAxw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.190481185913086; Valid 25382.0; Max. 33.22706604003906; Mean 8.108666992128333; StDev 6.69295397645889

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PnAa8J1tftBqjWyXMUz+fA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30541.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4781818447102784; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.35388494155397454

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b3Pags6FdHpmcexFVyzYtw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 26060.0; StDev 0.36973019307638694; Mean 0.16339217191097372; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HxdnSbi9d9EV2yip+N87lw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4952703621802602; Mean 0.4313324238290103; Max. 1.0; Valid 30786.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2dfvDLYbTScgejJNMazdUg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30786.0; Mean 0.21282401091405145; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4093108760183082; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qLBwKYEeNesOffe6/+tW9Q==

f4745922 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZMr3+0PFbwA3g9R/04TNQA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.2692617449664303; Valid 26075.0; Max. 9.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 1.462666141289815;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BSi9KrBlUi4oA1iBAvusJQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.14285714285714288; Valid 30786.0; StDev 0.3499327894685678; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+h9BQSGSlk7JDxkVMcEaTA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009680021511158897; Valid 3719.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.09792291380624663;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:49eHjZqCe10FgXsuf+yxuQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3719.0; StDev 0.12392133383293502; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.015595590212422782;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4JfbNXce3YUOLtnM3efrCA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; Mean 0.025813390696423594; StDev 0.1585995685863165; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q/A5RBZS7Guo4eKUig7xHg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.012906695348211828; Min. 0.0; Valid 3719.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.11288728523222909

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6jFTs4NwlWCCGhXbeo+XKw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 3719.0; Mean 0.009411132024737805; StDev 0.09656640219062643; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DUJvXAf7VD8DvwBGC4+HOA==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.012637805861790774; StDev 0.1117204003523711; Min. 0.0; Valid 3719.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ck5W5/q6rqTdnVhCzko5Xw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.09379222821483235; Valid 3719.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.008873353051895695; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4BZxH/V6F5pDvLkO+ASRCw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; StDev 0.07494200687125274; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.005646679214842731

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9jAwa+WKJoRYqhGE9d19cw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.016397850054841314; Max. 1.0; Valid 3719.0; Mean 2.688894864210811E-4; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b2owhQLPiGPKrtQC4ziC+g==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.028394269373407225; Mean 8.066684592632396E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FY/y6URnyxG79bfobIPpdg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.11743278075516261; Valid 3719.0; Mean 0.013982253293896227; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d12vvC0ydx2dEPwGMYrB0Q==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.022586716859370786; StDev 0.14860179955700373; Valid 3719.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rY1nTkoYK/uHFCUnPHHGdQ==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3719.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.007797795106211336; StDev 0.0879719867478991

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:53WUE4gfncidQBaJyiMt3w==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; Mean 0.13283140629201384; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3394380720520439

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bUC+bc0dNmcasCChpg2tpg==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.21961281101799457; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4139910522582781; Valid 30786.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HGImRujChZD15MqV+q52Gw==

f4745922 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 3395.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3HzclJ9Xa4hf0dL6EJUXug==

Label:

CODEBOOK FOR DATA_public.pdf

Text:

This document defines and provides the source for each variable in the data sets listed above.

application/pdf

Label:

readme.txt

text/plain

Label:

replication_code_analyses_public.do

Text:

This Stata do file runs all of the analyses presented in the tables in or mentioned in the text of the research article and the supplementary appendix. This Stata do file does not produce any of the figures. Please note that since noise has been added to the independent variables, the results will not perfectly replicate those presented in the final version of the paper. The added noise will also lead to bias in the estimates and larger standard errors. However, the results are still in the same direction as those in the final version of the paper.

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

replication_code_figures_public.R

Text:

This R script creates all of the figures in the research article and the supplementary appendix. Please note that since noise has been added to the independent variables, the results will not perfectly replicate those presented in the final version of the paper. The added noise will also lead to bias in the estimates and larger standard errors. However, the results are still in the same direction as those in the final version of the paper.

type/x-r-syntax