Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africa (doi:10.7910/DVN/GV0CML)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africa

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/GV0CML

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2018-08-07

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Ayilu, Raymond K.; Antwi-Asare, Theodore O; Anoh, Paul; Tall, Amadou; Aboya, Narcisse; Chimatiro, Sloans; Dedi, Seraphin, 2018, "Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africa", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GV0CML, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:+rvLUK1/mD+a/8kOdv1DPw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africa

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/GV0CML

Authoring Entity:

Ayilu, Raymond K.

Antwi-Asare, Theodore O

Anoh, Paul

Tall, Amadou

Aboya, Narcisse

Chimatiro, Sloans (WorldFish)

Dedi, Seraphin (WorldFish)

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

European Union

Producer:

WorldFish

Date of Production:

2016-07

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

WorldFish

Access Authority:

Muliro, Jacquie

Access Authority:

Chimatiro, Sloans

Access Authority:

Kakwasha, Keagan

Depositor:

WorldFish RDM Team

Date of Deposit:

2018-08-07

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GV0CML

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Informal fish trade

Abstract:

This study examined informal cross-border artisanal fish trade in West Africa, using Ghana and her neighbouring countries as a case study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including the use of interviews, Focus Group Discussions and questionnaires were used. The volume of informal cross-border fish trade between Ghana, Togo and Benin was estimated to be about 6,400 MT valued at about 70 million Ghana Cedis or $20 million per annum. Furthermore, the ICBT fish trade between Ghana and her neighbours was dominated by women. Regarding decision-making by traders on whether to participate in Informal Cross Border Trading (ICBT) or not, a logistic model was applied. It was found that basic education, road network condition, nearness of trader’s residence to a border, membership to a fish trade association and access to market information were significant at 5% significance level. The gross profit margin for ICBT in fish was 20.4%. The study also found that the key significant determinants of ICBT profitability at the 5% level were: age of traders; the number of years in the fish trade; and access to market information. Access to trade credit was significant at the 10% level. Meanwhile the interviews and discussions highlighted the lack of formal credit, poor road networks and undeveloped markets sites as major challenges facing the fish traders, while they have internalized police and other checkpoints into their pricing decisions. Other challenges were the short shelf life of the cured fish in recent years due to the suspected use of chemicals by artisanal fishers. From the survey, transportation related costs constituted the highest proportion of cross-border fish traders’ transaction cost which adversely affected profitability. The study recommends the upgrading of infrastructure to market sites and also within them, including the provision of good storage facilities. Secondly, Fisheries Authorities should make price information easy to access and reduce the incidence of illegal fishing methods to allow trading of longer shelf life and larger matured fish. Other stakeholders could assist the formation of stronger fish trade associations which could do more advocacy both on the domestic and international fora concerning their challenges. To facilitate eligibility for formal credit, the need for basic training in book-keeping and formal registration through membership of trader associations was also recommended.

Country:

Ghana

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f3205026

File: informal cross border in west africa.tab

Number of cases: 224
No. of variables per record: 101
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:+rvLUK1/mD+a/8kOdv1DPw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

SectionA
Age - age
Sex - Sex
Education - Education
Marital - Marital status
Religion - Religion
Nationality - nationality
Residentcountry - current area of residence
numberofYear - Farming years
numberLanguage - number of languages spoken
householdSizes - household size
SectionB
C11 - from whom do you buy fish
C11a
C11b
ValueAddition - value addition before transport
TransportMode - modes of transport
OwnTransp - do have your own transport
C15 - packaging of fish before transporting
C16 - number of baskets in (mini, max etc) per trip
C17 - number of baskets (maxi, mini etc) do you transport per trip
C18 - at what cost do you transport (maxi, mini etc)
C19 - modes of exchnage for fish you transport
C19a
C19b
C19c
C19d
C20 - which water source is fish from
C21 - do you engage in cross border fish trade
C22 - price per basket/bag
C23 - average margin per basket/bag
C24a - price set during purchase
C24b
C24c
C24d
C25a - price set during sales
C25b
C25c
C25d
C26a - determinats of the price of fish
C26b
C26c
C26d
C26e
C26f
C26g
C27 - is there seasonal change in volume
C28a - factors influencing changes in volume
C28b
FrequencyTrip - trips in a month
P34a - expenditure
p34b - accommodation
p34c - feeding
p34d - comminication
p34e - payment of unofficial charges
p34f - tax/market tolls
p34g - labour
p34h - baskets (palm)
p34i - twines
p34j - brown paper
p34k - net
p35a - full time employees (point of purchase)
p35b - part-time employees (point of purchase)
p35c - family members (point of purchase)
p36a - full time employees (point of destination)
p36b - part-time employees (point of destination
p36c - family members (point of destination
p37a - full time employee (amoung paid employees per month)
p37b - part-time employee (amoung paid employees per month)
p37c - family friends ( amoung paid employees per month)
SectionF - Factors influencing participation
Association - belongnes to co-operative association
AcessToCOMM - access to communication facilities
F43 - source of communicatio facilities
MarketINFO - do you receive market information prior to sale
F45a - challenges
F45b
F45c
AcessToCredit - acess to credit faciliteis
F47a - if yes, source
F47b
F47c
F47d
F47e
RoadNetwork - describe the major part of road
Distance - distance b/n place of start and destination
NearToBorder - do you stay near any entry border
FamilyTRADE - family members into fish trade before
F54 - if yes, for how long
F57a - general challenges
F57b
F57C
F57d
F58a - assisstance you will need
F58b
F58c
F58d
DIS - distance between purchase points and sale points
Profit
Costoftransport - annual total cost of Cosr of tranpot
FREQUENCY - Frequency of trip

Variables

SectionA

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

age

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 46.493273542600896; Valid 223.0; Min. 27.0; Max. 62.0; StDev 7.300419557952453;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5sJDcqBuKcPSEl/JlUxhQw==

Sex

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	female
1.	male

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 223.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d9MsVTGkg7/EYKuAhLgqYg==

Education

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	primary/basic
3.	tertiary
2.	secondary/high
4.	no formal

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.170403587443947; Valid 223.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.381220024218585

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O/HiBS1gY9M2rwrx2dn7QQ==

Marital status

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	married
3.	divorce
4.	widow
2.	single

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 1.4529147982062782; Min. 1.0; Valid 223.0; StDev 1.0028239526932632

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1dv420vb+aICKVMYyvpzzA==

Religion

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	christain
2.	muslim
3.	budhist
4.	traditionalist

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9069325015881151; Max. 5.0; Mean 1.6188340807174886; Valid 223.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RncMuk09rGUK7181VF7WTA==

nationality

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	Benin
2.	Togo
1.	Ghana

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.2735426008968616; Valid 223.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.4946283587372202

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:REjY2OT5cZ4DJIxCuNZQ7g==

current area of residence

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	togo
3.	benin
1.	Ghana

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 223.0; StDev 0.5438030256437597; Mean 1.3094170403587437; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5nvrBxJ+3eSaaKE//l6+Bg==

Farming years

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 45.0; Mean 17.475336322869957; StDev 8.840328952588868; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XwuVCcBeho0fIMi4KFxUOg==

number of languages spoken

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.26457399103139; StDev 0.7209544928509205; Valid 223.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QWVSy2VvAOMqKzwSLrbhug==

household size

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	three
5.	five
1.	one
4.	four
2.	two
6.	six and above

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Mean 4.816143497757847; Min. 2.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.1418766823497257

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FWbXmvde4FYOnbGRE+VuBA==

SectionB

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

from whom do you buy fish

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	from traders i have relationship with
1.	purchase from other market
2.	purchase directly from individuals

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0305343511450382; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 131.0; StDev 0.24616852569264563

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I4DBS6BN9WKsQFULhgpvZg==

C11a

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	purchase directly from individuals
3.	from traders i have relationship with
1.	purchase from other market

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 9.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cLluCwV+yO0jQEt5rlh1nQ==

C11b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	purchase from other market
3.	from traders i have relationship with
2.	purchase directly from individuals

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 197.0; Mean 3.0; Min. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pr92eydLa8GsCfJP3M35WQ==

value addition before transport

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	smoke
2.	dry
3.	repack

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; StDev 0.7947327916196404; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.582959641255605;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0gkX3pZOugj4qPK4zmU9eQ==

modes of transport

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	walk on foot
3.	hired vehicle (group)
6.	donkey kart
1.	own transport
2.	hired vehicle (individual)
4.	public transport

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; StDev 0.5007972474813316; Max. 4.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 3.4035874439461886

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lggYhU1yNANvzbXBQy73Ww==

do have your own transport

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	yes
2.	no

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 223.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d9MsVTGkg7/EYKuAhLgqYg==

packaging of fish before transporting

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	maxi-poly sack
3.	big palm basket
4.	small palm basket
2.	mini-poly sack

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.884927679725092; Valid 223.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.367713004484305; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LmCmvGF270lWMPFm3xPWpg==

number of baskets in (mini, max etc) per trip

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 12.905829596412554; Min. 2.0; Max. 60.0; StDev 12.315580555592252; Valid 223.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QSycCvt3/UQUjz3OYAHFZA==

number of baskets (maxi, mini etc) do you transport per trip

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 9.157099564140639; Max. 50.0; Valid 223.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 18.50224215246637

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5E8kNvgGo+ftNm2jmqi+tA==

at what cost do you transport (maxi, mini etc)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 500.0; Valid 223.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 62.12001045968336; Mean 47.54260089686098

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nZHGprR+tx9Awu+TzRrOeA==

modes of exchnage for fish you transport

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	cash
2.	credit
6.	barter
4.	mobile money
5.	bank transfer
3.	mobile money

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 186.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C4e0IkgrzjAsjGhmC0FTvQ==

C19a

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	cash
4.	mobile money
5.	bank transfer
3.	mobile money
6.	barter
2.	credit

Summary Statistics: Valid 194.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:08bf4b3SdOUuSA2N8uHMJQ==

C19b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	bank transfer
4.	mobile money
2.	credit
1.	cash
3.	mobile money
6.	barter

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

C19c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	barter
5.	bank transfer
4.	mobile money
3.	mobile money
1.	cash
2.	credit

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

C19d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	cash
4.	mobile money
5.	bank transfer
6.	barter
3.	mobile money
2.	credit

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 5.0; Valid 8.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k+/5ShDGwFj1eMRanZuJcw==

which water source is fish from

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	sea
3.	fish farms
2.	volta lake/river

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.1345291479820627; Valid 223.0; StDev 0.3419876029082983; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Gq7IoLywPkboQnF7zZTz6w==

do you engage in cross border fish trade

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	no
1.	yes

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; StDev 0.4807110369424231; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6412556053811653

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VKz8Xu7ZOSA8/TSD/axpwA==

price per basket/bag

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 160.0; StDev 26.402801294790233; Mean 76.54932735426009; Min. 24.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PwyWj+dAlt3cfnzpjO/TKw==

average margin per basket/bag

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.296511021479489; Mean 14.81390134529148; Max. 60.0; Min. 4.0; Valid 223.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1ouvjZMCP0soCK0pJy1rcA==

price set during purchase

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	decided by fish traders association
2.	we negotaite
1.	i set the price
3.	dictated by seller

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 3.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZTcl9lL9VDNTCzgCghCNWQ==

C24b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	we negotaite
3.	dictated by seller
4.	decided by fish traders association
1.	i set the price

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 219.0; Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2cTdxo3U/fAYFWwCLT8n4A==

C24c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	i set the price
2.	we negotaite
4.	decided by fish traders association
3.	dictated by seller

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 3.0; Valid 1.0; Min. 3.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:96+1Ptjk4lsTsFeuETROdw==

C24d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	dictated by seller
2.	we negotaite
1.	i set the price
4.	decided by fish traders association

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

price set during sales

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	dictated by seller
4.	decided by fish traders association
1.	i set the price
2.	we negotaite

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5019829775708744; Mean 1.139784946236559; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 93.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KUyhKx2aCslzHCIW2IYpQw==

C25b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	i set the price
4.	decided by fish traders association
2.	we negotaite
3.	dictated by seller

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 2.0; Valid 131.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KsXKCEKbG/rqzRyxPxGcoA==

C25c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	i set the price
2.	we negotaite
3.	dictated by seller
4.	decided by fish traders association

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

C25d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	i set the price
4.	decided by fish traders association
2.	we negotaite
3.	dictated by seller

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

determinats of the price of fish

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	fish size
2.	depends on the season
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
6.	fish quality
7.	depends on the weigth
3.	depends on the operational cost
4.	depends on the type fish species

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 98.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m24nvXXsUr+V8BN0PhbWGA==

C26b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	fish quality
5.	fish size
7.	depends on the weigth
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
2.	depends on the season
4.	depends on the type fish species
3.	depends on the operational cost

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 207.0; Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B3yV1n1B0YbCOfnIZcVdfQ==

C26c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	depends on the type fish species
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
6.	fish quality
3.	depends on the operational cost
5.	fish size
2.	depends on the season
7.	depends on the weigth

Summary Statistics: Valid 211.0; Mean 3.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 3.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3+zWDChujT66misx8EJANA==

C26d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	fish size
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
3.	depends on the operational cost
6.	fish quality
7.	depends on the weigth
4.	depends on the type fish species
2.	depends on the season

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 201.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wgmvHkSQyuLlYRrPZAub9Q==

C26e

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	depends on the season
4.	depends on the type fish species
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
5.	fish size
7.	depends on the weigth
3.	depends on the operational cost
6.	fish quality

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 0.07905694150420946; Mean 5.00625; Min. 5.0; Valid 160.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KkUr7i4JnZPWeyvbQT97ug==

C26f

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	fish size
6.	fish quality
3.	depends on the operational cost
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
4.	depends on the type fish species
2.	depends on the season
7.	depends on the weigth

Summary Statistics: Valid 45.0; Mean 6.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 6.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5CHzSp4mMvXFcXPYdJ6bEQ==

C26g

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	depends on the price of other local traders
4.	depends on the type fish species
6.	fish quality
7.	depends on the weigth
3.	depends on the operational cost
5.	fish size
2.	depends on the season

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 7.0; Valid 7.0; Min. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oqEW4oQicSh6txNfH+KQ3w==

is there seasonal change in volume

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	yes
2.	no

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 223.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DAs07HFIi7zXzrKho40TmQ==

factors influencing changes in volume

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	hoarding
1.	seasonal changes

Summary Statistics: Valid 216.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rC3hGVtl37wsmoyxzmX3XQ==

C28b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	seasonal changes
2.	hoarding

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 36.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DZs4rqa54N8JCoicawSsTA==

trips in a month

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5179372197309418; StDev 0.7781597925282127; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4NXEa+f7duxP5tGRVbhqiA==

expenditure

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 71.31142492567598; Mean 53.73542600896854; Max. 375.0; Valid 223.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:luDtqKfJ8dDK7XWqxa7zcw==

accommodation

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 50.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 150.0; Mean 14.700000000000003; StDev 28.195563408422377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bO9KGuzxghnjVVIkSwUhOQ==

feeding

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 15.586124401913874; Max. 50.0; StDev 8.735000814793874; Valid 209.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7K7j0mDKR8JWE1mIx747xw==

comminication

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 202.0; StDev 2.4207705473371566; Max. 16.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 4.074257425742575;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:My1pq6gSsaUNiDpbdhDXvQ==

payment of unofficial charges

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 11.054741836568176; Mean 4.5; Valid 42.0; Max. 60.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VLfMRTnf0GF0KMYpr+LiCw==

tax/market tolls

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 200.0; Mean 13.453431372549023; StDev 24.563811300490496; Min. 0.0; Valid 204.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8C7+SA13DnXsRojEp7YZiQ==

labour

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 220.0; Max. 280.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 57.17272727272726; StDev 53.186302883786;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1IVpFJLwkssN03p7WKKKMQ==

baskets (palm)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 57.06414709006771; Valid 56.0; Mean 25.46428571428573; Min. 0.0; Max. 350.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:50EXb7D4M316zVpuVAYPkw==

twines

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 11.12215909090909; Min. 1.0; Valid 176.0; StDev 7.437404915904265; Max. 70.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h6k05x+Lh/KbkHHW4o2hGg==

brown paper

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 120.0; Valid 197.0; StDev 12.392193872489901; Min. 6.0; Mean 25.345177664974617

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x8gE5DRXgBLZoWpnlauv6w==

net

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 40.0; StDev 7.199954462515376; Mean 12.663934426229508; Min. 5.0; Valid 61.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ftv5tQGZNmY54bG5cDQhJg==

full time employees (point of purchase)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 1.7637467741492168; Valid 132.0; Mean 1.3939393939393951; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:58fhFH18xjt8LEQ37aUM0g==

part-time employees (point of purchase)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6565656565656561; StDev 0.9628807893239241; Valid 198.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:noOxpe4cHombz4Sxlfc+ow==

family members (point of purchase)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 1.0; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AV1v2o00VlCMw1O1r53i9Q==

full time employees (point of destination)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0; Valid 2.0; StDev 2.1213203435596424; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iQqyseiklcoV/NiQS0RNTQ==

part-time employees (point of destination

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.5811309383080231; Min. 1.0; Valid 147.0; Mean 1.3469387755102045

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OkAluaoywfXkJlFAmWFmww==

family members (point of destination

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.778498944161523; Mean 1.6666666666666667; Valid 12.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sGSNHtcey3Eb883SWAEuwg==

full time employee (amoung paid employees per month)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 20.0; StDev 92.4294577157219; Mean 114.51612903225808; Valid 62.0; Max. 800.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qCNNOzkMwYDUxMuP89wRgg==

part-time employee (amoung paid employees per month)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 43.15559376989083; Min. 6.0; Valid 201.0; Mean 61.75621890547263; Max. 260.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qMoSMVo52XKrcjYVFGm+6A==

family friends ( amoung paid employees per month)

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9.0; Min. 70.0; Max. 160.0; StDev 29.486343354923555; Mean 112.22222222222223;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JzXDIoLWIVN+Kj7jX7gDiA==

Factors influencing participation

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

belongnes to co-operative association

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	yes
2.	no

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Mean 1.9551569506726456; StDev 0.2074248969341382; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/ElHZHKVrnz43rlP5oj3zA==

access to communication facilities

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	no
1.	yes

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2510431515089088; Mean 1.0672645739910314; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 223.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X2QGS6zpwCzpZYgXo15MJg==

source of communicatio facilities

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	mobile phone
3.	internet
1.	community radio

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 206.0; Mean 1.9854368932038835; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.1200875834773219

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:94IVaMlCFRv2dLS4gXzFfQ==

do you receive market information prior to sale

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	no
1.	yes

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.46141465781451624; Mean 1.304932735426009

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H0tZhQDiPuT7Y5U0AzxX6w==

challenges

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	delays
1.	extortion
2.	harrasment

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 73.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:93+whVAFxtIxPZFzM7ceLg==

F45b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	harrasment
1.	extortion
3.	delays

Summary Statistics: Valid 15.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Veu28gW7yZ5fmj0WLtLwg==

F45c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	delays
2.	harrasment
1.	extortion

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 3.0; Valid 58.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wg8Tlv/iYPo2DSOSGRatEg==

acess to credit faciliteis

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	yes
2.	no

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5919282511210762; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 223.0; StDev 0.4925822328202378

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qzxbEl6OaJCqegIfl1SFyA==

if yes, source

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	friends
3.	money lender
1.	bank
2.	micro finance
4.	family members

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5; Min. 1.0; Valid 4.0; Mean 1.25;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wyXh+5kKwkLZC1EJN57Bjw==

F47b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	micro finance
1.	bank
5.	friends
4.	family members
3.	money lender

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.23550410797680285; Mean 2.057142857142857; Valid 35.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:swam0Mr5RjtIvU2jgDgr/g==

F47c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	micro finance
3.	money lender
1.	bank
5.	friends
4.	family members

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Min. 3.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 29.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:03nwErepI5EiRD79XAwU2Q==

F47d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	friends
2.	micro finance
4.	family members
1.	bank
3.	money lender

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 37.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ka7UrhOkW7O9UzJQs5bBig==

F47e

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	micro finance
5.	friends
3.	money lender
1.	bank
4.	family members

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 5.0; Valid 25.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R5wJkJ1HQ1UO7kHdEW5GHw==

describe the major part of road

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	good
2.	bad

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.408767486077131; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.2107623318385652; Valid 223.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/SgGpgIZmY0N48OMZ27ASQ==

distance b/n place of start and destination

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==

do you stay near any entry border

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	yes
2.	no

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4779719204182167; Mean 1.6502242152466366; Valid 223.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I1D8Ii+9EOKkvQSWf81RHA==

family members into fish trade before

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	no
1.	yes

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6502242152466369; Valid 223.0; StDev 0.47797192041821696;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LZwspeYrhIGDCZhp5DJm1w==

if yes, for how long

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 45.0; StDev 13.021077853559913; Min. 2.0; Valid 75.0; Mean 23.453333333333337;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EriY9tdUivAr7QFfD8fXEQ==

general challenges

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	road networks
1.	credit assistance
3.	shortages of product
4.	undeveloped markets

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 173.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OIr8yR3DxQZZmckMuyxT9g==

F57b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	credit assistance
4.	undeveloped markets
2.	road networks
3.	shortages of product

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.13130643285972257; Mean 2.0172413793103448; Valid 58.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XG7YDp1Uxoaa05uLpOpUIg==

F57C

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	undeveloped markets
3.	shortages of product
2.	road networks
1.	credit assistance

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 3.027027027027027; StDev 0.1643989873053572; Valid 37.0; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XNVBBEBpH14ub8W3noll4A==

F57d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	road networks
4.	undeveloped markets
1.	credit assistance
3.	shortages of product

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 31.0; Mean 4.0; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:16bJOwxRIPxolVTn+2abXQ==

assisstance you will need

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	credit facilities
2.	good roads
3.	remove rooad barries
4.	develop market facilities

Summary Statistics: Valid 200.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lw+vi/UB6HTjlel0kU+Djw==

F58b

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	remove rooad barries
2.	good roads
1.	credit facilities
4.	develop market facilities

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.9090909090909092; StDev 0.29424494316824984; Max. 2.0; Valid 22.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UAK33fCGG1GiIncVK7kSiA==

F58c

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	credit facilities
4.	develop market facilities
3.	remove rooad barries
2.	good roads

Summary Statistics: Valid 10.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0Ggz5ihtF3SgsO4gCeLbeQ==

F58d

f3205026 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	credit facilities
2.	good roads
4.	develop market facilities
3.	remove rooad barries

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16903085094570336; Mean 3.9714285714285715; Min. 3.0; Valid 35.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CHF1yD+co7O9ZjaMg1khvQ==

distance between purchase points and sale points

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; StDev 209.3616293483907; Max. 727.0; Min. 13.0; Mean 282.7757847533633

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:apuPWXtP0PIkcs7eCjgWUg==

Profit

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 1500000.0; StDev 206781.56237076808; Min. 3600.0; Mean 137872.86322869957;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8HcragMhXia/fM2fU1vM/w==

annual total cost of Cosr of tranpot

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; StDev 35541.61544184812; Mean 32616.0; Min. 480.0; Max. 192000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qRzzyqydGRa3t5wqwYu8Qg==

Frequency of trip

f3205026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 223.0; Max. 60.0; StDev 9.337917510338546; Mean 42.21524663677129; Min. 12.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jcp+nPKxENrHF3TE7ijUnA==

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