Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries (doi:10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2026-04-03

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Plikynas, Darius, 2026, "Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:ipzJEP52Ll5uoOcp1CWNfg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV

Authoring Entity:

Plikynas, Darius (Vilnius University)

Producer:

Darius Plikynas

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Plikynas, Darius

Depositor:

Plikynas, Darius

Date of Deposit:

2026-04-03

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV

Study Scope

Keywords:

Computer and Information Science, Social Sciences, Baltic region, survey methodology, Computational propaganda, online social networks

Abstract:

This dataset is designed to study the social impact of propaganda in the three Baltic countries. Respondents from each Baltic country - Lithuania (LT), Latvia (LV), and Estonia (EE) used the same questionnaire, which had been translated into their respective national languages. Most of the questions were quantitative estimates on a Likert scale (1–5), but multiple-choice questions were also used. An online survey was conducted in 2025 by the data company Solid Data based on our questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of 63 questions. A total of 1,218 respondents were collected across Estonia (409), Lithuania (405), and Latvia (404). The survey comprised three main sections (Q1, Q2 and Q3), each with sub-questions. The set of questions in Q1 was designed to investigate the social context and environment of propaganda and disinformation, exploring the environment of information warfare in the Baltic States and how it relates to social media and OSN (online social networks). The set of questions in Q2 was meant to investigate the recognition of propaganda techniques and susceptability to disinformation narratives. The Q3 set was meant to investigate demographic correlates.

Notes:

The surveys are anonymous. Funding statement for the Acknowledgements section: The research has been mainly granted financial support from the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) under the agreement No. S-VIS-23-8. It has also been executed in collaboration with the Latvian Council of Science (project No. lzp-2024/1-0176) and the Estonian Research Council (project No. PCI2022-135026-2). Ethical approval: JOINT COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH ETHICS at Vilnius University on June 10, 2024, No. (1.13 E) 250000-KT-121 made DECISION: 1. The proposed research “Research on the social impact of propaganda and disinformation” meets the research ethics. 2. The Committee's decision on compliance with the research ethics is valid for the research conducting period from 10 June 2024 to 30 June 2026.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f13644047

File: EE_survey data.tab

  • Number of cases: 409

  • No. of variables per record: 91

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:eWT1IbVoNquNoDhRHyUyRg==

File Description--f13644044

File: LT_survey data.tab

  • Number of cases: 405

  • No. of variables per record: 91

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:wIMWe7QBO+3FsM32htvHhg==

File Description--f13644046

File: LV_survey data.tab

  • Number of cases: 404

  • No. of variables per record: 92

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:w5jHLavvrUylZgjgxDeCdg==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

  • ID - ID
  • Q0 - Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:
  • Q1.1 - How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?
  • Q1.2_01 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_02 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_03 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_04 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_05 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_06 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_07 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_08 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_09 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_10 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_11 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_12 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.3_01 - Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_02 - Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_03 - VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_04 - Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_05 - Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_06 - X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_07 - TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_08 - Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_09 - SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_10 - Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.4 - How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?
  • Q1.5 - Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?
  • Q1.6 - Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?
  • Q1.7 - How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?
  • Q1.8 - On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?
  • Q1.9 - On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?
  • Q1.10 - On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?
  • Q1.11_01 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_02 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_03 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_04 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_05 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_06 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_07 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.12 - How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?
  • Q1.13 - How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?
  • Q1.14 - How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?
  • Q1.15 - How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?
  • Q1.16 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?
  • Q1.17 - How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?
  • Q1.18 - Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?
  • Q1.19 - Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?
  • Q1.20 - How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?
  • Q1.21 - How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?
  • Q1.22 - How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?
  • Q1.23 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?
  • Q1.24 - Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?
  • Q2.1_01 - Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni
  • Q2.1_02 - Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_03 - Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac
  • Q2.1_04 - Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so
  • Q2.1_05 - Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq
  • Q2.1_06 - Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_07 - Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each
  • Q2.1_08 - Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see
  • Q2.1_09 - Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (
  • Q2.1_10 - Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l
  • Q2.1_11 - Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel
  • Q2.2_01 - The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_02 - The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_03 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_04 - Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_05 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_06 - EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_07 - The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_08 - While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol
  • Q2.2_09 - With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_10 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_11 - Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_12 - The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_13 - By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_14 - Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_15 - By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_16 - The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_17 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_18 - The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following
  • Q2.2_19 - Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_20 - The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q3.2 - Gender
  • Q3.3 - Education Level
  • Q3.4 - Mother tongue
  • Q3.5 - Occupational status
  • Q3.6 - Monthly net income
  • Q3.7 - Marital and Family Status
  • Q3.8 - Location
  • Q3.1 - Age group
  • ID - ID
  • Q0 - Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:
  • Q1.1 - How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?
  • Q1.2_01 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_02 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_03 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_04 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_05 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_06 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_07 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_08 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_09 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_10 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_11 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_12 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.3_01 - Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_02 - Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_03 - VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_04 - Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_05 - Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_06 - X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_07 - TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_08 - Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_09 - SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_10 - Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.4 - How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?
  • Q1.5 - Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?
  • Q1.6 - Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?
  • Q1.7 - How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?
  • Q1.8 - On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?
  • Q1.9 - On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?
  • Q1.10 - On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?
  • Q1.11_01 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_02 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_03 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_04 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_05 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_06 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_07 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.12 - How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?
  • Q1.13 - How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?
  • Q1.14 - How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?
  • Q1.15 - How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?
  • Q1.16 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?
  • Q1.17 - How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?
  • Q1.18 - Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?
  • Q1.19 - Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?
  • Q1.20 - How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?
  • Q1.21 - How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?
  • Q1.22 - How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?
  • Q1.23 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?
  • Q1.24 - Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?
  • Q2.1_01 - Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni
  • Q2.1_02 - Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_03 - Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac
  • Q2.1_04 - Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so
  • Q2.1_05 - Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq
  • Q2.1_06 - Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_07 - Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each
  • Q2.1_08 - Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see
  • Q2.1_09 - Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (
  • Q2.1_10 - Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l
  • Q2.1_11 - Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel
  • Q2.2_01 - The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_02 - The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_03 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_04 - Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_05 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_06 - EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_07 - The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_08 - While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol
  • Q2.2_09 - With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_10 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_11 - Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_12 - The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_13 - By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_14 - Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_15 - By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_16 - The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_17 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_18 - The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following
  • Q2.2_19 - Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_20 - The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q3.2 - Gender
  • Q3.3 - Education Level
  • Q3.4 - Mother tongue
  • Q3.5 - Occupational status
  • Q3.6 - Monthly net income
  • Q3.7 - Marital and Family Status
  • Q3.8 - Location
  • Q3.1 - Age group
  • ID - ID
  • Q0 - Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:
  • Q1.1 - How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?
  • Q1.2_01 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_02 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_03 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_04 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_05 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_06 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_07 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_08 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_09 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_10 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_11 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.2_12 - Select three social network platforms that you use most
  • Q1.3_01 - Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_02 - Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_03 - VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_04 - Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_05 - Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_06 - X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_07 - TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_08 - Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_09 - SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.3_10 - Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)
  • Q1.4 - How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?
  • Q1.5 - Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?
  • Q1.6 - Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?
  • Q1.7 - How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?
  • Q1.8 - On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?
  • Q1.9 - On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?
  • Q1.10 - On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?
  • Q1.11_01 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_02 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_03 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_04 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_05 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_06 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.11_07 - What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?
  • Q1.12 - How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?
  • Q1.13 - How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?
  • Q1.14 - How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?
  • Q1.15 - How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?
  • Q1.16 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?
  • Q1.17 - How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?
  • Q1.18 - Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?
  • Q1.19 - Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?
  • Q1.20 - How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?
  • Q1.21 - How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?
  • Q1.22 - How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?
  • Q1.23 - Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?
  • Q1.24 - Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?
  • Q2.1_01 - Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni
  • Q2.1_02 - Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_03 - Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac
  • Q2.1_04 - Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so
  • Q2.1_05 - Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq
  • Q2.1_06 - Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr
  • Q2.1_07 - Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each
  • Q2.1_08 - Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see
  • Q2.1_09 - Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (
  • Q2.1_10 - Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l
  • Q2.1_11 - Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel
  • Q2.2_01 - The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_02 - The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_03 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_04 - Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_05 - Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_06 - EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_07 - The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_08 - While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol
  • Q2.2_09 - With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_10 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_11 - Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_12 - The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_13 - By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_14 - Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_15 - By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_16 - The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_17 - The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_18 - The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following
  • Q2.2_19 - Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q2.2_20 - The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)
  • Q3.0 - Age
  • Q3.1 - Age group
  • Q3.2 - Gender
  • Q3.3 - Education Level
  • Q3.4 - Mother tongue
  • Q3.5 - Occupational status
  • Q3.6 - Monthly net income
  • Q3.7 - Marital and Family Status
  • Q3.8 - Location

Variables

ID

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 118.21237949837008; Mean 205.0; Max. 409.0; Valid 409.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IVI79kDbkUy7xPdOrBBa8Q==

Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey

409

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E1fluuhh77oKa1aauMY8xw==

How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

15-30 min.

49

6.

120-240 min.

62

7.

More than 240 min.

29

2.

Not using daily

28

5.

60-120 min.

114

4.

30-60 min.

117

1.

Not using at all

10

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3877403883972508; Mean 4.4645476772616135;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8mwXlZt9xKq97CyaW23FeA==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

11.

Pinterest

0

1.

Telegram

55

6.

Instagram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

8.

TikTok

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

4.

Youtube

0

2.

Facebook

0

12.

Other

0

3.

VKontakte

0

9.

Threads

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 55.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BAFivX8bEZSDlaYFoVslhg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

8.

TikTok

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

2.

Facebook

322

10.

Snapchat

0

9.

Threads

0

11.

Pinterest

0

12.

Other

0

3.

VKontakte

0

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

4.

Youtube

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 322.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KTDSt8DKxaQEuMFoNVyW0w==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Telegram

0

8.

TikTok

0

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

3.

VKontakte

4

6.

Instagram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

12.

Other

0

2.

Facebook

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 4.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8Ka3tuSc7DA8+dMUCSOZYA==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

9.

Threads

0

10.

Snapchat

0

8.

TikTok

0

11.

Pinterest

0

1.

Telegram

0

4.

Youtube

198

6.

Instagram

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

2.

Facebook

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 4.0; Valid 198.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Q2ICbWCyeVmlUnYnb7MHw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

7

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

8.

TikTok

0

2.

Facebook

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

12.

Other

0

6.

Instagram

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 7.0; Mean 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PpJi8+DTWxi54DVeETKuBg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Telegram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

10.

Snapchat

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

9.

Threads

0

11.

Pinterest

0

2.

Facebook

0

6.

Instagram

167

8.

TikTok

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 6.0; Valid 167.0; Mean 6.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YLEBP5ql5uKF+BAgqSmpTw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

4.

Youtube

0

7.

X/Twitter

8

11.

Pinterest

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

2.

Facebook

0

1.

Telegram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

9.

Threads

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 8.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r8H3p5JcpkT7zJU3UxB+bQ==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

11.

Pinterest

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

8.

TikTok

75

2.

Facebook

0

12.

Other

0

1.

Telegram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

6.

Instagram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.0; Max. 8.0; Valid 75.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 8.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mNYVwgW/O4M2TNp+C/dY5Q==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

X/Twitter

0

6.

Instagram

0

2.

Facebook

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

9.

Threads

7

1.

Telegram

0

12.

Other

0

8.

TikTok

0

11.

Pinterest

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 9.0; Valid 7.0; Max. 9.0; Min. 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0STpLk99oUTCig6JpU2prw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

6.

Instagram

0

4.

Youtube

0

10.

Snapchat

13

3.

VKontakte

0

9.

Threads

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

8.

TikTok

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

1.

Telegram

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 10.0; Mean 10.0; Valid 13.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xGKGzmKGm+93l2vrAmz5Bw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Instagram

0

10.

Snapchat

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

27

7.

X/Twitter

0

1.

Telegram

0

8.

TikTok

0

12.

Other

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

9.

Threads

0

3.

VKontakte

0

4.

Youtube

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 27.0; Mean 11.0; Min. 11.0; Max. 11.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ni07FwExciugqIpsZKlVDQ==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

11.

Pinterest

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

8.

TikTok

0

9.

Threads

0

1.

Telegram

0

2.

Facebook

0

6.

Instagram

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

12.

Other

28

Summary Statistics: Min. 12.0; Valid 28.0; Mean 12.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uJmGK9dEEuOjiPrnjKBaAA==

Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

22

1.

1 - never

154

3.

3

134

4.

4

36

2.

2

63

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2085844805464656; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 2.2885085574572126

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G+IY00zJVBVTyKEe7qLgqw==

Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

70

3.

3

181

2.

2

70

1.

1 - never

38

5.

5 - always

50

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.058679706601467; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.096553968345396;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bq8UreXd0l4SxeSYg9zZAQ==

VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

49

1.

1 - never

299

5.

5 - always

8

3.

3

47

4.

4

6

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; StDev 0.8965164750937815; Mean 1.471882640586797; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IMW++mEVdxT9bwx/7584kA==

Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

5

5.

5 - always

3

3.

3

48

2.

2

37

1.

1 - never

316

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.39119804400978; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7973736192172516; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6JyCoM0Q9AWvuFM3BTnfIQ==

Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

46

2.

2

64

5.

5 - always

36

1.

1 - never

115

3.

3

148

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.250748852824744; Mean 2.5696821515892423;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OCInlmkq6SE+y9rFiiz4FA==

X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

21

3.

3

98

2.

2

78

5.

5 - always

7

1.

1 - never

205

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.044671943613516; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 1.8924205378973107; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WZ8N/H6EU8GwdoI+NsfJzw==

TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

73

4.

4

25

2.

2

97

1.

1 - never

188

5.

5 - always

26

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2071953367389023; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 2.031784841075795

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FnrJ0INFMuLWZIk/Xxo3jw==

Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

16

3.

3

59

1.

1 - never

260

5.

5 - always

2

2.

2

72

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6014669926650367; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.907538039774771; Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vSydKRjlmDOjZhsqNcev5Q==

SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - never

257

5.

5 - always

8

4.

4

13

2.

2

71

3.

3

60

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.640586797066015; StDev 0.9753911472426677; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2/r/zmq0xKMM5gIukIaWcA==

Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

105

2.

2

51

5.

5 - always

24

4.

4

54

1.

1 - never

175

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Mean 2.2689486552567235; StDev 1.2932854953015018; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aJu/q7Oyh4I7OqDkl+Tckw==

How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

39

3.

3

99

5.

5 – always

111

4.

4

122

1.

1 - never

38

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2414239097685948; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5599022004889975

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WohGzo2nElFA38+RCo942w==

Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

68

2.

2

80

1.

1 - never

65

5.

5 – always

46

3.

3

150

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.198331694238919; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.877750611246944

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qFHRJZGjy4WI/U1fQvIHVw==

Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Over 10000 followers

0

2.

1-25 followers

68

4.

100-500 followers

116

1.

No followers

111

3.

25-100 followers

73

6.

2500-10000 followers

2

5.

500-2500 followers

39

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3846104419779302; Valid 409.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 2.7799511002444985; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fWsbTjjZqxM49F2EquoXcQ==

How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - very rarely

101

3.

3

126

2.

2

86

5.

5 - very often

28

4.

4

68

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.5990220048899766; StDev 1.2169549841050542;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kzGoERYGOWj4ekqm+biDhg==

On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

21-30

1

4.

11-20

4

1.

0

241

2.

1-5

150

3.

6-10

12

6.

over 30

1

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Mean 1.4767726161369192; Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6679448650732308;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YxpaLqK2fUTw5AJ7N5UYQw==

On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

21-30

2

2.

1-5

141

1.

0

244

4.

11-20

4

3.

6-10

16

6.

over 30

2

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 0.7380493945315574; Mean 1.4963325183374088

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SRBLMgwm3QRa5XsjBZ5XtQ==

On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

6-10

11

6.

over 30

1

4.

11-20

9

5.

21-30

2

2.

1-5

137

1.

0

249

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 1.486552567237164; StDev 0.7379357123013596; Valid 409.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2jDaG+LeUjJOF9B537TGHw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

241

6.

Science reports

0

5.

Media influencers

0

2.

Social networks

0

7.

Other

0

3.

Friends and family

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 241.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cdqpSifRX3zot75LWpkAsw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Recognized experts

0

5.

Media influencers

0

6.

Science reports

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

0

2.

Social networks

64

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 64.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OhDUpPedswEpjRagaMvEEg==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Media influencers

0

2.

Social networks

0

6.

Science reports

0

3.

Friends and family

162

4.

Recognized experts

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 3.0; Valid 162.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u/g/M+pRFuFaVM1v7uasCw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

7.

Other

0

2.

Social networks

0

6.

Science reports

0

3.

Friends and family

0

5.

Media influencers

0

4.

Recognized experts

172

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 4.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 172.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hw8JuAZvuUf7xEgpwdJXbA==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Social networks

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

5.

Media influencers

3

6.

Science reports

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 3.0; Min. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bq6DNF6yzGkvYZm8qdpkdw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Science reports

229

5.

Media influencers

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

2.

Social networks

0

7.

Other

0

3.

Friends and family

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 6.0; Valid 229.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2ZTEJTCQZrIwoj+PZmYC+g==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Other

17

2.

Social networks

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

6.

Science reports

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

5.

Media influencers

0

3.

Friends and family

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 17.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 7.0; Min. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2iiaD9unXO8Z0za4PLxmXg==

How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

120

3.

3

140

5.

5 - strongly agree

8

4.

4

37

1.

1 - strongly disagree

104

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; StDev 1.0147174332737743; Mean 2.3276283618581908; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F1htymPDmxNYNvS5Y7vqmA==

How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

70

1.

1 - very rarely

96

2.

2

68

5.

5 - very often

53

3.

3

122

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3254190664146974; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7946210268948652; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qItzcaZQbQa8oy0lW7UF0Q==

How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

12

1.

1 - strongly disagree

137

3.

3

108

4.

4

51

2.

2

101

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1375402387242866; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.2665036674816625

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:blC1GEaqURVpkr7sJcuPOw==

How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

2

4.

4

19

3.

3

79

2.

2

126

1.

1 - strongly disagree

183

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.8533007334963323; Valid 409.0; StDev 0.9224833863345117

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x1NVrUNPZmMfGhXOxBVmRA==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

19

1.

1 - strongly disagree

121

2.

2

116

3.

3

104

4.

4

49

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.337408312958436; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.156225320681756;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qVjiX9OZ2k0EK3pY4XLuoA==

How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

112

3.

3

125

2.

2

61

1.

1 - very rarely

53

5.

5 - very often

58

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1491442542787293; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.2206376914332713;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sjwbJVQw0PL+Sb9oHZdwig==

Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

103

1.

1 - strongly disagree

149

5.

5 - strongly agree

36

2.

2

73

4.

4

48

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.386308068459658; StDev 1.3163408555531737; Valid 409.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n2EyZoXK174ZOs57aLygeA==

Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

24

2.

2

32

5.

5 - strongly agree

133

4.

4

117

3.

3

103

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; StDev 1.1637162806127876; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.740831295843521

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1NQx4xTRvQp/puKermq+Sg==

How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

142

5.

5 - very often

45

4.

4

103

2.

2

75

1.

1 - very rarely

44

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0733496332518335; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.1416786649603305;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JGwGQJ0ihI2yRUqfkhKGNg==

How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - very often

14

2.

2

114

4.

4

38

3.

3

162

1.

1 - very rarely

81

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.486552567237164; StDev 1.019630891404042; Valid 409.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tmKmeUeTLyULh3N9o3AkUg==

How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - very often

101

1.

1 - very rarely

46

2.

2

57

3.

3

105

4.

4

100

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3740831295843514; StDev 1.2983447995670219; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WuEIFXEcKwjs04vqz9FRcA==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

174

1.

1 - strongly disagree

68

5.

5 - strongly agree

10

2.

2

105

4.

4

52

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.58679706601467; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9891181259334991; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fwmuc+yvWeEwdyFzikYAPA==

Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

242

4.

4

89

2.

2

17

3.

3

49

1.

1 - strongly disagree

12

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0266184973473986; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.300733496332518;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H8f3WB9XdQmbUp9I3rLdQw==

Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 277.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.595667870036101; StDev 1.4505306393409347

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KsrMuP8LQAFDhBBPgKdmwA==

Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 252.0; Mean 2.7619047619047614; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.274503708916131;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0FcCI9TZ1lbhN/Vh7mfONQ==

Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.84452296819788; Min. 1.0; Valid 283.0; StDev 1.3515935047676735

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jq0liX4aVzGgZ0nJUtnUEA==

Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1948051948051948; StDev 1.3158461754848525; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 231.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h5bwv6mSh4xq29B4F6r6ZQ==

Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4703322877782055; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.139175257731959; Valid 194.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WOfkQLgAWrR3h7Wda2bSuA==

Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.296703296703297; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.441407533508715; Valid 91.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PwvMUJa9mbZnz53sC2ii4w==

Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3690685833339264; Valid 151.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.437086092715232

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IEMRS0WfnNmPSoSy4+Fy/w==

Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.096; Valid 125.0; StDev 1.3820508370277236; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y92y2VUVEbdS3yTuMNjGFA==

Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0236220472440944; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3596484543844636; Valid 127.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5oCg/dNB4bnxWXhzwB0zSA==

Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1865671641791047; Valid 134.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3936909963113842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ofx4v0ybZM3yqFT6DitLyA==

Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel

f13644047 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.061111111111111; Valid 180.0; StDev 1.5896448740439408;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rVV7uzBv9CtpArxpop+yTQ==

The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

85

2.

2

60

5.

5 - strongly agree

116

3.

3

137

1.

1 - strongly disagree

11

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.126742169693804; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5745721271393642;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yw0CJjlnboLj8NHaqjFFjA==

The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

68

5.

5 - strongly agree

48

4.

4

19

1.

1 - strongly disagree

175

2.

2

99

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.183374083129584; StDev 1.344238744920809; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3c93c4Fx5Og8pfKdPPAaRQ==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

41

4.

4

19

1.

1 - strongly disagree

217

2.

2

73

3.

3

59

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3293242377957435; Valid 409.0; Mean 2.0073349633251834; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ht6b0z6rHDCU+pZjLpC7sw==

Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

88

3.

3

120

2.

2

65

1.

1 - strongly disagree

91

4.

4

45

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4214284346265362; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9364303178484112; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2pKY03gK9feJdArFOlkFmQ==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

107

3.

3

110

2.

2

69

4.

4

67

1.

1 - strongly disagree

56

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.244498777506112; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.3680081790918595; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TLMKcJ/OtKZQMUFQn6Toog==

EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

112

5.

5 - strongly agree

58

2.

2

92

1.

1 - strongly disagree

102

4.

4

45

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.339849363971957; Mean 2.6699266503667483; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KzRDZqpqUBItKC3FNVNoAQ==

The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

97

4.

4

57

2.

2

63

5.

5 - strongly agree

97

1.

1 - strongly disagree

95

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.475278488207196; Mean 2.995110024449878; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HSlT3/OMjiGtwkS2XghvtA==

While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

111

2.

2

115

1.

1 - strongly disagree

105

5.

5 - strongly agree

42

4.

4

36

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.248773308633528; Mean 2.4987775061124697; Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2oESjtn3N1Usx7bEuk9VYQ==

With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

96

2.

2

106

5.

5 - strongly agree

17

4.

4

15

1.

1 - strongly disagree

175

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0048899755501224; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0891512931340321; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:44tWESMKtx/18rMT7fHL1g==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

57

2.

2

84

3.

3

134

1.

1 - strongly disagree

90

4.

4

44

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7408312958435213; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.2990646308388942; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ifvsKWkNA/goYkTTFlIz2g==

Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

61

2.

2

84

5.

5 - strongly agree

59

1.

1 - strongly disagree

116

3.

3

89

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3995009828873408; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 2.665036674816626

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UsFsPskcRJfNB7hTfMl1Tw==

The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

96

3.

3

125

5.

5 - strongly agree

57

4.

4

60

2.

2

71

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3317698417358776; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.78239608801956

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:slguQZFxWNbJYgcUpFDoXQ==

By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

117

1.

1 - strongly disagree

174

4.

4

33

2.

2

57

5.

5 - strongly agree

28

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.227383863080684; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2659311274492175

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K/3xuCiAGHBfw8wGw1rQeA==

Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

62

1.

1 - strongly disagree

210

3.

3

77

4.

4

28

5.

5 - strongly agree

32

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.046454767726162; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2967884155251395

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fvxpQAkKA5rEnCR1OTnxNg==

By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

44

3.

3

140

2.

2

89

1.

1 - strongly disagree

89

4.

4

47

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6772616136919316; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.238078972313417; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AJcw10N6ouJt2DfQ3TBb6Q==

The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

62

4.

4

48

3.

3

105

1.

1 - strongly disagree

97

5.

5 - strongly agree

97

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4732257377945217; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.965770171149144; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2ov6/MphI/AbCLNp9n/Qzw==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

41

3.

3

92

1.

1 - strongly disagree

105

2.

2

91

5.

5 - strongly agree

80

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.441294116758759; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7555012224938875; Max. 5.0; Valid 409.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4n9MiS1TBYD66WgNpkriKg==

The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

76

3.

3

96

4.

4

62

2.

2

81

1.

1 - strongly disagree

94

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4138702896767028; Valid 409.0; Mean 2.8655256723716382; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T3izR5TIWu5RxtxNUFyX1g==

Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

97

5.

5 - strongly agree

74

4.

4

75

1.

1 - strongly disagree

68

2.

2

95

Summary Statistics: Valid 409.0; StDev 1.3447825110097307; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.980440097799511

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VKUgvpBLzlW44b09zEgnWQ==

The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

35

2.

2

80

5.

5 - strongly agree

110

3.

3

111

4.

4

73

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.349633251833741; Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 1.2938414124073434; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rCmxm4GsiKQs5CRwG6E0Pg==

Gender

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Other / don't want to answer

3

1.

Male

190

2.

Female

216

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5133063300461148; Mean 1.5427872860635696; Valid 409.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FCD3et7Yc/QWKBHlKeeAig==

Education Level

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Higher university education

128

3.

Higher non-university education

60

2.

Secondary

180

1.

Primary or lower education

41

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6723716381418092; StDev 1.0243335943563363; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 409.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:boEr1QI/JaDKcnit9TvWiA==

Mother tongue

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Estonian

286

6.

Polish

0

5.

Ukrainian

0

1.

Lithuanian

0

4.

Russian

107

2.

Latvian

2

7.

Other

14

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 3.3936430317848414; StDev 0.8129217938089814; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+vkvqk/uMcoRoOXpk8k5XA==

Occupational status

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Entrepreneur

24

1.

Highest, middle-level manager

35

3.

Worker, technical staff

80

6.

Unemployed

44

5.

Farmer

4

8.

Student, pupil

20

7.

Retiree

57

2.

Specialist, office worker

145

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.1836056556374066; Mean 3.677261613691933; Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PQSqkget4Wp3KZx8mmrb5Q==

Monthly net income

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

2001-3000 EUR

45

3.

1001-1500 EUR

113

7.

Over 4000 EUR

7

6.

3001-4000 EUR

11

4.

1501-2000 EUR

77

1.

Up to 500 EUR

46

2.

501-1000 EUR

110

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 3.0635696821515896; StDev 1.365135908862853

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mtb1L1oqmfxkbVwvSCM0nQ==

Marital and Family Status

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Other

37

2.

Married or living in an unregistered partnership

259

1.

Single, not married

113

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 409.0; Mean 1.8141809290953543; StDev 0.5770907229184562; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9kpEXas4HpTeecf49+C8HQ==

Location

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Rural areas

120

2.

Other cities, regional center

106

1.

Major cities

183

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8478575125400144; Valid 409.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.845965770171149

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s9XNTNpHP2SVszuj/bDf1g==

Age group

f13644047 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

26-35

91

5.

56-65

68

4.

46-55

78

1.

18-25

61

3.

36-45

72

6.

65+

39

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.288508557457212; Valid 409.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.5670910904709596; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zGy0nkOBlqjsPv5st8U/wg==

ID

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 117.05767809076002; Mean 203.0; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZPU6b3/FNLfF9HEUtRSW4A==

Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey

405

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0AGBOZjs+95dreqYOMxxFA==

How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

60-120 min.

116

3.

15-30 min.

51

4.

30-60 min.

102

7.

More than 240 min.

47

1.

Not using at all

5

2.

Not using daily

22

6.

120-240 min.

62

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3980752305666242; Valid 405.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.669135802469135; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M34IIPY+DNSrZDUoFsn96g==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Instagram

0

9.

Threads

0

10.

Snapchat

0

1.

Telegram

31

7.

X/Twitter

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

3.

VKontakte

0

8.

TikTok

0

12.

Other

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 31.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZJNJQ0OJXY+VMp3uJBBvNw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

11.

Pinterest

0

3.

VKontakte

0

8.

TikTok

0

2.

Facebook

338

9.

Threads

0

1.

Telegram

0

4.

Youtube

0

6.

Instagram

0

10.

Snapchat

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 338.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nvAYeTZvHp4RCQ7WG41fig==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

8.

TikTok

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

10.

Snapchat

0

3.

VKontakte

2

6.

Instagram

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

11.

Pinterest

0

1.

Telegram

0

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

2.

Facebook

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 2.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y5S3WpAYPzxsvRwonc3shg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

10.

Snapchat

0

9.

Threads

0

3.

VKontakte

0

4.

Youtube

239

11.

Pinterest

0

2.

Facebook

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

12.

Other

0

8.

TikTok

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 239.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j0RYBl42eJAKD3vCjc1H/g==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

0

8.

TikTok

0

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

10.

Snapchat

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

5

2.

Facebook

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

11.

Pinterest

0

3.

VKontakte

0

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 5.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 5.0; Min. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q+uldXI7RbYJq+lVPunqgg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

1.

Telegram

0

4.

Youtube

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

9.

Threads

0

6.

Instagram

156

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

8.

TikTok

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 156.0; Min. 6.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:71x8IGwejIYln535f5ORBw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

7.

X/Twitter

5

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

10.

Snapchat

0

3.

VKontakte

0

2.

Facebook

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

0

12.

Other

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 5.0; Mean 7.0; Min. 7.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b7GfHAndg6pwddXDNU6j3g==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

9.

Threads

0

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

96

3.

VKontakte

0

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

10.

Snapchat

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.0; Max. 8.0; Mean 8.0; Valid 96.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+xH0yeTNox2Q1lw7Me2Z/Q==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

8.

TikTok

0

6.

Instagram

0

1.

Telegram

0

2.

Facebook

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

9.

Threads

4

11.

Pinterest

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 9.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 9.0; Valid 4.0; Mean 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LmDW7NK7uJ2tHPLGwySh3Q==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

10.

Snapchat

22

9.

Threads

0

2.

Facebook

0

8.

TikTok

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

12.

Other

0

3.

VKontakte

0

4.

Youtube

0

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

6.

Instagram

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 10.0; Valid 22.0; Mean 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r9yJlm+TL0ff/RR0hxKDeg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

8.

TikTok

0

1.

Telegram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

9.

Threads

0

4.

Youtube

0

6.

Instagram

0

2.

Facebook

0

12.

Other

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

11.

Pinterest

28

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 11.0; Max. 11.0; Mean 11.0; Valid 28.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TbI2zizfaeNkQSEoWmhZxw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Instagram

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

12.

Other

51

8.

TikTok

0

4.

Youtube

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

9.

Threads

0

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

2.

Facebook

0

3.

VKontakte

0

10.

Snapchat

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 51.0; Max. 12.0; Min. 12.0; Mean 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kPDrfNH71zUQCGYJ9IgYDg==

Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

28

2.

2

44

3.

3

103

4.

4

36

1.

1 - never

194

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.1604938271604937; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.299817105598462; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jAaen4oLUhCQtTw8yid34A==

Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

61

4.

4

57

3.

3

142

1.

1 - never

66

5.

5 - always

79

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0543209876543207; StDev 1.3133029729244101

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZqomK4Szn8OJ6iBBXmeuVw==

VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

44

1.

1 - never

307

2.

2

29

5.

5 - always

14

4.

4

11

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 1.5086419753086422; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.0235104524397973

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5pQ65mj/XEG/USLP3pXXWg==

Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

51

1.

1 - never

59

3.

3

129

4.

4

89

5.

5 - always

77

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1827160493827162; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2882552214942231; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jRPqW/djhd0+E1GJqbtxLg==

Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

12

3.

3

39

4.

4

6

2.

2

25

1.

1 - never

323

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.417283950617284; StDev 0.9393475357581197; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bQxtAwl1F9Z3jx9iBNyHeg==

X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

50

5.

5 - always

45

1.

1 - never

151

4.

4

56

3.

3

103

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3941353055618066; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.491358024691358; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PV2nhv5L5o8U6fn1wvpD3A==

TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

17

1.

1 - never

265

2.

2

47

3.

3

67

5.

5 - always

9

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0372478700242993; Mean 1.661728395061728; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+ahiAvqkwDngO4oUgAjzwQ==

Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

38

2.

2

62

1.

1 - never

216

3.

3

62

4.

4

27

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0345679012345683; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3419323009944526

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kPL1fCnVq7Af+Q1oSpjw0w==

SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

10

1.

1 - never

291

3.

3

56

5.

5 - always

5

2.

2

43

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5061728395061729; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; StDev 0.9082059454548267; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ewQREX06aJjuS51hPkfUDw==

Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

18

1.

1 - never

267

2.

2

45

4.

4

17

3.

3

58

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.1332610689012683; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.7012345679012344;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wQDdThz4hLc0/uCp8zGATQ==

How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

110

5.

5 – always

101

2.

2

37

1.

1 - never

84

4.

4

73

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.17283950617284; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.440143380657373; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BPH7Xxmq2EVvbzv7XmX4ag==

Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

52

5.

5 – always

82

3.

3

124

4.

4

89

1.

1 - never

58

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2098765432098766; StDev 1.3003812215478787; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fmhZBGxxAZK/ysaMfBHWXw==

Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Over 10000 followers

2

4.

100-500 followers

84

2.

1-25 followers

56

3.

25-100 followers

60

5.

500-2500 followers

49

6.

2500-10000 followers

9

1.

No followers

145

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; StDev 1.5637533477032908; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.6814814814814816

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JhoD0iMQsx2ZPGEQVmPCaA==

How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

103

2.

2

67

5.

5 - very often

58

4.

4

56

1.

1 - very rarely

121

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.661728395061728; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.40072187022668;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P5wFkeRIjwGOM6hmKyS4oQ==

On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

0

87

3.

6-10

59

5.

21-30

25

2.

1-5

132

4.

11-20

38

6.

over 30

64

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.717938887239857; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.935802469135803; Valid 405.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fOMbP5VuE2nQmV0cF+mZew==

On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

21-30

17

1.

0

124

2.

1-5

153

3.

6-10

61

6.

over 30

14

4.

11-20

36

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.2904593823250086; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.2864197530864194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3weIkuV9szgzYd8A5HrrPw==

On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

6-10

39

1.

0

173

4.

11-20

23

6.

over 30

11

2.

1-5

152

5.

21-30

7

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; StDev 1.1579405446104334; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 1.9432098765432095

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GRPdYg2esaiH6qn5YwYpeg==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Science reports

0

2.

Social networks

0

3.

Friends and family

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

5.

Media influencers

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

224

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 224.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kUvX1HdJURNLUhDfJXP2LQ==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Recognized experts

0

6.

Science reports

0

3.

Friends and family

0

5.

Media influencers

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

2.

Social networks

76

7.

Other

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 76.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uuP/iFryzOGP/epgwAmIdg==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Other

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

6.

Science reports

0

2.

Social networks

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

145

5.

Media influencers

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 3.0; Valid 145.0; Mean 3.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MiJ3EFD4ZZQnYjuCIKVnvA==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Friends and family

0

6.

Science reports

0

5.

Media influencers

0

4.

Recognized experts

148

2.

Social networks

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 148.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J9YSg3HJLnXdxMwT//7Ihw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Social networks

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

5.

Media influencers

28

3.

Friends and family

0

6.

Science reports

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 28.0; Mean 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eYwAJSY3pAEaCrqIpGG6Dw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

0

6.

Science reports

174

5.

Media influencers

0

2.

Social networks

0

7.

Other

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 6.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 174.0; Mean 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kiNX41RlrteCeFsaxm7suw==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Media influencers

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

29

6.

Science reports

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

2.

Social networks

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.0; Valid 29.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zF6bi31kYFCp6LJNFwlXbw==

How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

23

3.

3

153

1.

1 - strongly disagree

91

4.

4

29

2.

2

109

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.466666666666666; StDev 1.0886452658471806; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UXbyHsvCRdsuwwD1yQFsZg==

How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - very rarely

97

5.

5 - very often

57

4.

4

64

3.

3

124

2.

2

63

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Mean 2.8049382716049376; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.342000615544108; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VRx9OtYoo++JJHJAzoYUDg==

How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

69

3.

3

136

2.

2

77

5.

5 - strongly agree

45

1.

1 - strongly disagree

78

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.8172839506172838; StDev 1.2432779775933112

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O8Esf7FhkpzdRp+SMXvDsw==

How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

97

3.

3

116

1.

1 - strongly disagree

136

4.

4

38

5.

5 - strongly agree

18

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1519714663920693; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.271604938271605

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JJr/YaOJ7PVKdJzNCqMzvw==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

93

4.

4

46

5.

5 - strongly agree

37

3.

3

132

1.

1 - strongly disagree

97

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.587654320987654; StDev 1.2248845890319096

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bo1KqUpI/G0CgvrAKgeC2Q==

How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

73

1.

1 - very rarely

51

5.

5 - very often

59

4.

4

71

3.

3

151

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.034567901234568; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.2018097423835066; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6ysqOPg+J0Vq4RARlSGCyA==

Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

64

4.

4

43

1.

1 - strongly disagree

129

5.

5 - strongly agree

32

3.

3

137

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2555463068090096; Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.4691358024691357

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SbNoMRvdV1kwGYhflSSi7g==

Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

151

4.

4

58

2.

2

52

5.

5 - strongly agree

66

1.

1 - strongly disagree

78

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9555555555555557; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3023208529238863

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N1hBgNEqt1LNqzduqOoeYg==

How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

47

2.

2

77

1.

1 - very rarely

75

5.

5 - very often

61

3.

3

145

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2778519134756972; Mean 2.8567901234567903; Valid 405.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zR6yigBqzUc9hIASLZOzPw==

How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - very often

48

1.

1 - very rarely

61

2.

2

59

4.

4

63

3.

3

174

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.173980427957275; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9456790123456793; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lf3dMXF3tnNi4Cw7O6ZDrA==

How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

85

2.

2

61

1.

1 - very rarely

52

5.

5 - very often

73

3.

3

134

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 3.162962962962963; StDev 1.2539486587272517;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Lq046EJPSXpwbZBSRnCM8w==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

63

1.

1 - strongly disagree

55

5.

5 - strongly agree

30

3.

3

179

2.

2

78

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0792460482942856; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.8395061728395063; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GJrx8dhTkOiF0yoZ5lLL8w==

Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

21

1.

1 - strongly disagree

25

5.

5 - strongly agree

229

4.

4

70

3.

3

60

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.128395061728396; StDev 1.2098230956416025; Valid 405.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hj4otbwg+gx9z1PI8mAr7Q==

Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 288.0; Mean 2.5555555555555554; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3629123243523282; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qA8uEKRsE5neg1+DjgrGPg==

Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8594249201277955; Max. 5.0; Valid 313.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3561525239526555

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uaVzai0kUoEx0sO19fXTfA==

Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.996732026143791; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3440783691365628; Min. 1.0; Valid 306.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZgTU9YzdMpmLe60GqyS16Q==

Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3748909590593938; Mean 3.0618181818181816; Valid 275.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:49p4XmM8tHaTRliHi/pTvg==

Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.481682847502868; Valid 236.0; Mean 3.4322033898305087; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tz9VM46PlxHeKNLl+708Dg==

Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.34010268200156; Mean 3.3225806451612905; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 62.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wZRMXzT7F4PrG0Pz1s0HlA==

Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4605934866804426; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.8666666666666663; Valid 120.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VWgexGvz6zSoNAEwo3vmvg==

Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 77.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3327208663947054; Mean 3.012987012987013; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9FWbXEJKws79FA9KxI04Yg==

Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2211538461538463; StDev 1.3289658054381603; Max. 5.0; Valid 104.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6CDdxGwSL+j19t/hSlqlBw==

Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2410714285714284; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 112.0; StDev 1.3965564839525872

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r8zaXaHfdVwyhrFwkptNlw==

Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel

f13644044 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 132.0; StDev 1.594342153558617; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.992424242424242; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Gg1ijB11jtsorNgRcTg8+w==

The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

153

1.

1 - strongly disagree

63

2.

2

47

4.

4

49

5.

5 - strongly agree

93

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3261541227793359; Valid 405.0; Mean 3.153086419753086; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2hAa1B/WVJ+VE6vUYa/MRQ==

The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

25

1.

1 - strongly disagree

204

3.

3

83

5.

5 - strongly agree

40

2.

2

53

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Mean 2.1209876543209876; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3543764822927948

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:68pXaREmAqm0TirdM760zw==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

31

1.

1 - strongly disagree

193

2.

2

52

5.

5 - strongly agree

38

3.

3

91

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.1827160493827162; Valid 405.0; StDev 1.3501732675256122;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WT7NubAj46Fbh4K9NFPERQ==

Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

41

5.

5 - strongly agree

77

3.

3

89

1.

1 - strongly disagree

160

4.

4

38

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5386755043823714; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5827160493827157

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:24R0b3FjunntugY4iUoUbQ==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

99

5.

5 - strongly agree

108

2.

2

57

4.

4

51

1.

1 - strongly disagree

90

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4907119849998611; Mean 3.074074074074075; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DPhg7k7pVHvP+a+v5ODvCQ==

EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

103

1.

1 - strongly disagree

158

2.

2

68

5.

5 - strongly agree

53

4.

4

23

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3845366351850046; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.3703703703703702

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6ZQu9HeSeJsI8dRoKzWlxQ==

The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

62

3.

3

104

5.

5 - strongly agree

99

1.

1 - strongly disagree

89

2.

2

51

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Mean 3.076543209876543; StDev 1.4612377437626667; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JMRxX8zBjXMKdPz2S0HF2w==

While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

71

4.

4

40

3.

3

120

1.

1 - strongly disagree

129

5.

5 - strongly agree

45

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3249507305302815; Mean 2.508641975308642; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B8Wd3Qh4LCjVJJTWRMU1Hg==

With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

200

3.

3

92

4.

4

28

5.

5 - strongly agree

45

2.

2

40

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4001327053943262; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.204938271604939

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L5I389pdNizHKUlsw0istA==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

47

5.

5 - strongly agree

76

3.

3

127

2.

2

54

1.

1 - strongly disagree

101

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.8592592592592587; StDev 1.4080547794124323; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/mvVIZmjICP9r2H0PbzRXg==

Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

61

4.

4

38

3.

3

84

2.

2

53

1.

1 - strongly disagree

169

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4752449405991743; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4296296296296296;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ATM57qajc8b8/pHIQuiOug==

The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

97

5.

5 - strongly agree

75

2.

2

63

3.

3

120

4.

4

50

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.401005453818142; Mean 2.859259259259259; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8ZZcOpwZWpIcZeJ8LtaMfQ==

By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

48

1.

1 - strongly disagree

194

5.

5 - strongly agree

43

3.

3

96

4.

4

24

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.1950617283950624; StDev 1.3693878478587926; Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iTXGETM4SRH38JxYAy6d8Q==

Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

37

4.

4

23

3.

3

71

2.

2

54

1.

1 - strongly disagree

220

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3311221121657582; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.019753086419753; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AiM1VI75iOfGwSB2ukG9OQ==

By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

50

2.

2

60

4.

4

20

3.

3

145

1.

1 - strongly disagree

130

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Mean 2.506172839506173; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.317470731541467

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R46YMxT9ypVKzdKSYeEvVg==

The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

109

1.

1 - strongly disagree

119

5.

5 - strongly agree

76

2.

2

52

4.

4

49

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4602335830614845; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7802469135802474

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KQxsZT4JwoNdMXy38qQCuA==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

65

4.

4

36

1.

1 - strongly disagree

144

3.

3

100

5.

5 - strongly agree

60

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4256970751544287; Mean 2.5135802469135804; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SFF9kq6qerSkYWc8q2zDnA==

The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

57

3.

3

90

4.

4

40

1.

1 - strongly disagree

165

2.

2

53

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.434567901234568; StDev 1.4517964711079732; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YMN2Nt3JVBtyK73Qcbq1rQ==

Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

62

5.

5 - strongly agree

78

4.

4

53

1.

1 - strongly disagree

97

3.

3

115

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4155655894904213; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.8839506172839506;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q4Ty05Lt6HCl+yDjKtuIig==

The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

114

2.

2

71

1.

1 - strongly disagree

59

4.

4

69

5.

5 - strongly agree

92

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.34779469651104; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1580246913580248; Max. 5.0; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u4gy+MlwoxV0DP5VrHH/Ew==

Gender

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Male

189

2.

Female

209

3.

Other / don't want to answer

7

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Mean 1.5506172839506167; StDev 0.5316989993766669; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LdP5uMBOshYxZSBtTmgCXw==

Education Level

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Higher non-university education

120

2.

Secondary

103

1.

Primary or lower education

28

4.

Higher university education

154

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9556220715202117; Valid 405.0; Mean 2.9876543209876543;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BRwL9EK51k7d7bxqMwTgIg==

Mother tongue

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Russian

6

6.

Polish

5

7.

Other

1

1.

Lithuanian

391

2.

Latvian

2

3.

Estonian

0

5.

Ukrainian

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 405.0; StDev 0.7219640733529039; Mean 1.125925925925926; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hnx6T+2v5BupooeWs9nGig==

Occupational status

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

8.

Student, pupil

20

1.

Highest, middle-level manager

33

4.

Entrepreneur

27

2.

Specialist, office worker

145

3.

Worker, technical staff

93

7.

Retiree

44

6.

Unemployed

36

5.

Farmer

7

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 8.0; StDev 2.079439338464045; Mean 3.5283950617283946;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WLtOor+7OJXFfCMEH38Xkg==

Monthly net income

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

2001-3000 EUR

38

3.

1001-1500 EUR

89

6.

3001-4000 EUR

8

1.

Up to 500 EUR

67

7.

Over 4000 EUR

8

4.

1501-2000 EUR

72

2.

501-1000 EUR

123

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 2.8691358024691356; Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4142697425807325;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:26ggJXbiBZpTHzuT4P0KXw==

Marital and Family Status

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Other

57

1.

Single, not married

100

2.

Married or living in an unregistered partnership

248

Summary Statistics: Valid 405.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.6142583226007153; Mean 1.8938271604938273

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9icQ6sWqIrLZ2qjR5d4Vqw==

Location

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Rural areas

121

2.

Other cities, regional center

103

1.

Major cities

181

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8517761162742389; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.8518518518518523; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cwAuG3Djn0U9VLgzTzNcwQ==

Age group

f13644044 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

18-25

63

3.

36-45

74

2.

26-35

88

5.

56-65

53

4.

46-55

87

6.

65+

40

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2444444444444445; StDev 1.5533419736583167; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 405.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CqVsr0mAoA/P8Y3vqSzh4w==

ID

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 116.76900273617139; Max. 404.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 202.5; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uX4XRTCbN9ZuRjcwWJZ3vw==

Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey

404

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kwonp3ESlllvV4PoPDhUOA==

How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Not using at all

5

4.

30-60 min.

93

3.

15-30 min.

50

7.

More than 240 min.

50

2.

Not using daily

18

6.

120-240 min.

76

5.

60-120 min.

112

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.400551535500165; Valid 404.0; Mean 4.774752475247524

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LgiLJeh8E6hp0Pycp28FqA==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

3.

VKontakte

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

1.

Telegram

54

11.

Pinterest

0

2.

Facebook

0

9.

Threads

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

0

10.

Snapchat

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 54.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CHrtm0MH5U+EAfX8iR7Icg==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

11.

Pinterest

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

6.

Instagram

0

2.

Facebook

291

8.

TikTok

0

9.

Threads

0

12.

Other

0

1.

Telegram

0

10.

Snapchat

0

3.

VKontakte

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 2.0; Valid 291.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sbcVNuQ7EsBo1OFNvU0f6Q==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

X/Twitter

0

2.

Facebook

0

12.

Other

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

9.

Threads

0

8.

TikTok

0

10.

Snapchat

0

3.

VKontakte

8

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 3.0; Min. 3.0; Valid 8.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ov/Q91dg68Y9QqPwOGIE5w==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

X/Twitter

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

1.

Telegram

0

4.

Youtube

237

9.

Threads

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

10.

Snapchat

0

12.

Other

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 4.0; Valid 237.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z/71XopPg5NEq1CWn/7rMw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Telegram

0

6.

Instagram

0

9.

Threads

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

6

10.

Snapchat

0

11.

Pinterest

0

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

2.

Facebook

0

8.

TikTok

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 6.0; Min. 5.0; Mean 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JnBSSpmFFmL/JxNMyaIPQA==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

X/Twitter

0

4.

Youtube

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

3.

VKontakte

0

2.

Facebook

0

6.

Instagram

163

10.

Snapchat

0

9.

Threads

0

12.

Other

0

8.

TikTok

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 6.0; Valid 163.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:akxL3RRYWyKWk+HoTysJmQ==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

0

7.

X/Twitter

24

1.

Telegram

0

11.

Pinterest

0

10.

Snapchat

0

6.

Instagram

0

4.

Youtube

0

2.

Facebook

0

12.

Other

0

8.

TikTok

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

3.

VKontakte

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 7.0; Valid 24.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9vbPesXDaj5nBmL/4RJEvw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Youtube

0

2.

Facebook

0

11.

Pinterest

0

8.

TikTok

144

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

6.

Instagram

0

10.

Snapchat

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

3.

VKontakte

0

1.

Telegram

0

9.

Threads

0

12.

Other

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.0; Max. 8.0; Mean 8.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 144.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tFiFJYXm9FXkpqW+X8b0ZA==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

12

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

1.

Telegram

0

2.

Facebook

0

4.

Youtube

0

12.

Other

0

10.

Snapchat

0

6.

Instagram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

8.

TikTok

0

11.

Pinterest

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.0; Max. 9.0; Min. 9.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 12.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7vRWZSibuI61vfJcqmLqbw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

12.

Other

0

1.

Telegram

0

10.

Snapchat

18

4.

Youtube

0

6.

Instagram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

8.

TikTok

0

2.

Facebook

0

9.

Threads

0

11.

Pinterest

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 10.0; Max. 10.0; Valid 18.0; Min. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0J06FBG4JuRsIT+aWiAcTw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

12.

Other

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

1.

Telegram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

6.

Instagram

0

8.

TikTok

0

4.

Youtube

0

10.

Snapchat

0

11.

Pinterest

26

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

2.

Facebook

0

9.

Threads

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 11.0; Min. 11.0; Mean 11.0; Valid 26.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nKDu+va7Axd3Bx924LyDDw==

Select three social network platforms that you use most

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

9.

Threads

0

6.

Instagram

0

7.

X/Twitter

0

4.

Youtube

0

10.

Snapchat

0

8.

TikTok

0

12.

Other

42

11.

Pinterest

0

1.

Telegram

0

3.

VKontakte

0

5.

Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)

0

2.

Facebook

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 12.0; Mean 12.0; Valid 42.0; Max. 12.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7CpLUtesUoR6bawdTLBScw==

Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - never

97

3.

3

159

2.

2

74

4.

4

44

5.

5 - always

30

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5940594059405937; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1781991374043228; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H70WgiIAsO0K4QiXvjXuMw==

Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

182

1.

1 - never

62

5.

5 - always

40

4.

4

60

2.

2

60

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.891089108910892; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.139422082402389; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g4BuWgYd8AWQeNSEylSEJw==

VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - never

267

4.

4

10

5.

5 - always

5

2.

2

54

3.

3

68

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.5940594059405937; StDev 0.9364758161738888; Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mvql1yybGOOmU/Z5g4UfOg==

Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

46

2.

2

56

5.

5 - always

7

1.

1 - never

279

4.

4

16

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 0.960513174716526; Mean 1.554455445544554

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DzQ/BJyBk06+Pv8YlxJOVA==

Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

132

1.

1 - never

107

5.

5 - always

26

2.

2

71

4.

4

68

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.5915841584158414; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.223844354003133; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5jd7u9OTZ9n+aJpuTVYrIg==

X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

85

4.

4

32

1.

1 - never

185

5.

5 - always

11

3.

3

91

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1171766553843092; Mean 2.007425742574257; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zROYDY4ayTPhJCd4RhAGRg==

TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

37

1.

1 - never

155

3.

3

106

2.

2

83

5.

5 - always

23

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2326732673267324; StDev 1.2141930638109675; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FMinste6HPXqSpQ/uCB9qg==

Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

78

1.

1 - never

207

4.

4

30

5.

5 - always

8

3.

3

81

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.086385021666389; Valid 404.0; Mean 1.8960396039603957; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AdovciRw7zf2xI/ZCHdyhQ==

SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

70

5.

5 - always

9

1.

1 - never

233

4.

4

23

2.

2

69

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.777227722772277; StDev 1.0636685604898053; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vs2iLrlOal/IOGFhrDuIZQ==

Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - always

20

4.

4

48

3.

3

103

1.

1 - never

173

2.

2

60

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Mean 2.2128712871287126; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2500055278358466; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sq56xrwoDdH71TtzE+lszQ==

How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

113

2.

2

41

4.

4

97

1.

1 - never

58

5.

5 – always

95

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 3.3217821782178216; StDev 1.3256098524724078

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2kYfInlEbZKT1UrgK/2d7A==

Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

93

1.

1 - never

48

2.

2

51

3.

3

147

5.

5 – always

65

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.188118811881188; StDev 1.2014290191609156; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mkkpATeoNMJm+5AbKGcrWg==

Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Over 10000 followers

5

5.

500-2500 followers

43

2.

1-25 followers

65

3.

25-100 followers

70

4.

100-500 followers

121

6.

2500-10000 followers

13

1.

No followers

87

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0668316831683167; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.4953986866869464; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GiZ2jA8uYLVYUPXwXFekRA==

How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

60

5.

5 - very often

40

3.

3

124

4.

4

50

1.

1 - very rarely

130

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.3185483072688595; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5297029702970293;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cW/KO3e/bsm9IFeiDfBVAw==

On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

1-5

159

4.

11-20

4

3.

6-10

18

1.

0

214

6.

over 30

5

5.

21-30

4

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 0.8681893771719988; Mean 1.6138613861386135

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xQ1q721o554JYDZ9n+ehOQ==

On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

0

136

3.

6-10

26

6.

over 30

9

4.

11-20

17

2.

1-5

209

5.

21-30

7

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.9529702970297032; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.0402643723477667; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/U7g3RpGVwndAzijdVcuWg==

On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

11-20

20

6.

over 30

6

5.

21-30

6

2.

1-5

158

1.

0

183

3.

6-10

31

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 1.8267326732673268; StDev 1.0352009036845733

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SJEBYrOM/AGB3qaH5uW0mg==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Recognized experts

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

219

2.

Social networks

0

5.

Media influencers

0

6.

Science reports

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 219.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oiSk00XKEJpbxM2ZPegQ5Q==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Media influencers

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

6.

Science reports

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

0

2.

Social networks

59

4.

Recognized experts

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 59.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2cgvGJ4veMykKx93Jl+SOQ==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Media influencers

0

3.

Friends and family

84

2.

Social networks

0

7.

Other

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

6.

Science reports

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.0; Mean 3.0; Valid 84.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6y4xv6gSAy0fh2qxhGSFHQ==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Media influencers

0

7.

Other

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

2.

Social networks

0

3.

Friends and family

0

4.

Recognized experts

155

6.

Science reports

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; Mean 4.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 155.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N8JHsoLPw9tMwS1eMkn0fA==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Science reports

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

4.

Recognized experts

0

7.

Other

0

5.

Media influencers

6

2.

Social networks

0

3.

Friends and family

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 6.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 5.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ca5IqSUA9a6wwCGp7SgzUQ==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Science reports

167

4.

Recognized experts

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

0

2.

Social networks

0

5.

Media influencers

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 167.0; Min. 6.0; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ldxYD+rw5cdg3XOp7Bh4ng==

What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Friends and family

0

7.

Other

46

4.

Recognized experts

0

2.

Social networks

0

1.

Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)

0

6.

Science reports

0

5.

Media influencers

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 46.0; Mean 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2sI/cRqFhzPibTVoEFM2Qg==

How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

98

2.

2

116

5.

5 - strongly agree

11

4.

4

31

3.

3

148

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.0171701131995083; Mean 2.3589108910891086;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9uBg1xxOfc9d6NgyLsvFGA==

How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - very rarely

85

3.

3

106

4.

4

65

2.

2

74

5.

5 - very often

74

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3846206735957214; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.923267326732673; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KmtMKpQGc5PD4a9hsbHoFA==

How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

76

5.

5 - strongly agree

29

3.

3

141

2.

2

89

4.

4

69

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1637959658142198; Mean 2.7178217821782176

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tX8TWYKvcAf4MArO9ouZAA==

How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

97

4.

4

27

3.

3

132

1.

1 - strongly disagree

135

5.

5 - strongly agree

13

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.222772277227723; StDev 1.0821705225264042;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wrP/qiZHJLxCzf3j7n02Xg==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

105

5.

5 - strongly agree

35

3.

3

122

1.

1 - strongly disagree

91

4.

4

51

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.211803077148428; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.5891089108910896

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jr3BxuBIMFyNi7fWTRQhnA==

How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

75

2.

2

60

5.

5 - very often

50

3.

3

160

1.

1 - very rarely

59

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1903017141257957; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.992574257425743

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GhhFgzpBLG2qkJC5GPa2uw==

Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

103

2.

2

74

4.

4

58

5.

5 - strongly agree

47

3.

3

122

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Mean 2.6831683168316833; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3098647900165867; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sAX5ey14Gz6wee6kAZ3QiA==

Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

117

4.

4

127

5.

5 - strongly agree

107

2.

2

20

1.

1 - strongly disagree

33

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1640255189179636; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.631188118811881; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IaoH6aMi6xOK9+Nl64f1A==

How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

153

2.

2

69

5.

5 - very often

53

1.

1 - very rarely

64

4.

4

65

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.220509933572257; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.9356435643564356; Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dJetxYJXALjTrdMNPI0quQ==

How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

48

1.

1 - very rarely

82

5.

5 - very often

33

2.

2

61

3.

3

180

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.1559560674587086; Mean 2.725247524752475; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iGc1jeYkiqOivaUkBLjlJw==

How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

105

2.

2

41

1.

1 - very rarely

37

3.

3

110

5.

5 - very often

111

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 3.5247524752475248; StDev 1.2470834214949535

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XuABq7ht9aPlQwVfKzY2gQ==

Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

86

5.

5 - strongly agree

24

1.

1 - strongly disagree

65

4.

4

46

3.

3

183

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.698019801980198; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.0580641715747623; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W5eo/ib/1hQZ0yAHTpGHgw==

Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

49

5.

5 - strongly agree

258

2.

2

17

4.

4

61

1.

1 - strongly disagree

19

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1266395865486576; Valid 404.0; Mean 4.292079207920792; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LsAcHHdKVArP+Q3o6f3bkw==

Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 276.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.3405797101449277; StDev 1.4064597816004394

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8F/9HtwsaARI4MlVuZD0vg==

Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 273.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.725274725274725; StDev 1.3206443452907928

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wn6li587vVQ8EpK2YOxa5w==

Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.800699300699301; Valid 286.0; StDev 1.2972844243587138; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FY9V22glpWMe5JxIatQS6Q==

Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2403846153846154; StDev 1.336916867744496; Max. 5.0; Valid 208.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tuzQAs/S2d5c6wsGgKrMhA==

Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.451316571573622; Valid 184.0; Mean 3.4456521739130435

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cUJO6L7yUBjy/3Tzy7/yZQ==

Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2; Valid 85.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3522468075656267

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Suyfz4VGLFlMKXkb5dK8NA==

Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.142857142857143; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4179965746482905; Valid 161.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w/xEL2csXVzb0VoF5i9LnQ==

Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 103.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.334142149503158; Mean 3.4563106796116503

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2wwCanSXJaqa5ASTTp685g==

Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.291666666666667; StDev 1.3320944127484078; Valid 144.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rjrGydsLvfjfGHyhyvGsBg==

Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3278238996456917; Mean 3.221238938053097; Max. 5.0; Valid 113.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jL+CsnSbVjT7snmDeIKgsg==

Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 187.0; StDev 1.5165883590165086; Mean 3.1497326203208558; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6L6x4rmFgMo5/p65iDTJkA==

The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

73

2.

2

60

5.

5 - strongly agree

100

3.

3

126

1.

1 - strongly disagree

45

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2947229986260622; Mean 3.304455445544554; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eDUiqr8Sfq+EcN3lIfrFHA==

The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

166

3.

3

105

4.

4

31

2.

2

55

5.

5 - strongly agree

47

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3805536244393326; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.351485148514852; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FL29sVMqwGZV3+rHsmCbLQ==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

67

3.

3

89

4.

4

35

1.

1 - strongly disagree

169

5.

5 - strongly agree

44

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.301980198019802; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.3706950799095658

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A//pzepE+pj9KJpCgxbVEQ==

Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

97

4.

4

49

1.

1 - strongly disagree

114

2.

2

47

3.

3

97

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.5251940010309457; Max. 5.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.9207920792079207;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nyk70W6t32ijf5aqwep9Hw==

Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

108

1.

1 - strongly disagree

50

4.

4

73

2.

2

62

3.

3

111

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3143564356435644; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3431904656379983; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zq2UhJuAYV6BvN2r6do4PA==

EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

67

5.

5 - strongly agree

68

3.

3

121

1.

1 - strongly disagree

120

4.

4

28

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 1.4057517997488456; Mean 2.646039603960396; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/B7pw1y4zEhmq9UJxWyscQ==

The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

88

5.

5 - strongly agree

116

2.

2

45

4.

4

50

3.

3

105

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4958914816803313; Mean 3.150990099009901; Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BDMmBJNRFCMUDobbDe27Dw==

While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

2

69

5.

5 - strongly agree

69

1.

1 - strongly disagree

78

3.

3

127

4.

4

61

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; StDev 1.3332237955480526; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9356435643564356; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pS3xXig8rtDKWoDq/5M9iQ==

With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

126

4.

4

36

3.

3

130

2.

2

68

5.

5 - strongly agree

44

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3074617797213175; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.5148514851485144; Valid 404.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nNCmvxYaFGT3qfOPmIf+SA==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

156

2.

2

65

1.

1 - strongly disagree

71

4.

4

46

5.

5 - strongly agree

66

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2767420511172283; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.9282178217821784

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BJVywK5Y+vKUQQWHiRLSkg==

Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

106

5.

5 - strongly agree

57

2.

2

64

4.

4

40

1.

1 - strongly disagree

137

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Mean 2.5445544554455446; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4055879440615837; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:grBdqldmmXPoSC2hnqgj8w==

The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

60

5.

5 - strongly agree

68

4.

4

55

3.

3

151

2.

2

70

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0024752475247523; Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2572346715060416; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gaWGti4wzFBrkMs5pGImkQ==

By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

1 - strongly disagree

175

4.

4

25

3.

3

97

2.

2

71

5.

5 - strongly agree

36

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2991297104483794; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.198019801980198; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D+FTdgE4g0Spxtgj8+SSDg==

Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

39

3.

3

84

5.

5 - strongly agree

48

2.

2

51

1.

1 - strongly disagree

182

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4229077575513345; Mean 2.306930693069307; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KkdBZTLiZIK1gySRqbAVgQ==

By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

46

2.

2

64

1.

1 - strongly disagree

86

5.

5 - strongly agree

55

3.

3

153

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2779465692469634; Mean 2.801980198019802; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MJ9ejsuQS2WsBZrR0DHRZg==

The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

5 - strongly agree

68

1.

1 - strongly disagree

91

4.

4

58

3.

3

116

2.

2

71

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3699936274926876; Mean 2.853960396039604; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vlx3GmwY//yYPqerCNoAFQ==

The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

98

4.

4

54

1.

1 - strongly disagree

102

5.

5 - strongly agree

83

2.

2

67

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; StDev 1.456193993215267; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.873762376237624

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xUsnAWNllstq8IQYwKl60Q==

The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

4

43

2.

2

62

5.

5 - strongly agree

95

1.

1 - strongly disagree

96

3.

3

108

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.948019801980198; Valid 404.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4675213449452584; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iz+4KkoALqnTUGoUkA7U2w==

Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

125

1.

1 - strongly disagree

50

4.

4

66

5.

5 - strongly agree

90

2.

2

73

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1806930693069306; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3045153554127589; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ibhbm08mn3C6OGzGZTQCww==

The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

3

128

1.

1 - strongly disagree

42

4.

4

73

5.

5 - strongly agree

105

2.

2

56

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3539603960396045; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2859072584505564;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1z6tZnUHGvqvYwCSoztV6w==

Age

f13644046 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Mean 42.876237623762385; Max. 74.0; StDev 14.42150068776878; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B1GxMcb49sxeVf318ekx9w==

Age group

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

36-45

82

2.

26-35

83

5.

56-65

62

6.

65+

27

1.

18-25

57

4.

46-55

93

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.25; StDev 1.4690774607242263; Valid 404.0; Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wKJkOJ29Fguug5flk8Cf0w==

Gender

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Other / don't want to answer

3

1.

Male

192

2.

Female

209

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 1.5321782178217824; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; StDev 0.5142671269262835

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZYkDiGf0jcWTqNe6vDbbog==

Education Level

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Higher university education

168

1.

Primary or lower education

29

3.

Higher non-university education

58

2.

Secondary

149

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Mean 2.9034653465346536; StDev 1.0320366389360083;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AO3QogXR8bIyo2UuxZr96g==

Mother tongue

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

Polish

1

1.

Lithuanian

7

3.

Estonian

0

5.

Ukrainian

1

2.

Latvian

263

4.

Russian

117

7.

Other

15

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.2588750847996406; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7648514851485144; Valid 404.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kNDjXPIvIdQrzKQfTQwdWw==

Occupational status

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Highest, middle-level manager

44

7.

Retiree

37

6.

Unemployed

31

8.

Student, pupil

19

4.

Entrepreneur

27

2.

Specialist, office worker

135

3.

Worker, technical staff

103

5.

Farmer

8

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.0269660836609305; Mean 3.386138613861386; Max. 8.0; Valid 404.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iU93SDKRbbeIWRR37LQ+eQ==

Monthly net income

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

6.

3001-4000 EUR

6

2.

501-1000 EUR

129

3.

1001-1500 EUR

100

5.

2001-3000 EUR

33

7.

Over 4000 EUR

10

4.

1501-2000 EUR

49

1.

Up to 500 EUR

77

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4107435212523824; Mean 2.7277227722772275; Min. 1.0; Valid 404.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d2OaJTxXzw0n2zEkpXAjBQ==

Marital and Family Status

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Other

51

1.

Single, not married

105

2.

Married or living in an unregistered partnership

248

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.6076072304097511; Mean 1.8663366336633669; Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9bW6YU9pzhD99FCo4LKnJA==

Location

f13644046 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Rural areas

115

1.

Major cities

211

2.

Other cities, regional center

78

Summary Statistics: Valid 404.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8673683405813705; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.7623762376237624;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tLbjKz8wZn40Lt9hmPC0LQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Survey questionaire_EN (4).docx

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document