Bureaucrat Assignments as Instruments of Political Control: Evidence from Land Administration Officials in India (doi:10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Bureaucrat Assignments as Instruments of Political Control: Evidence from Land Administration Officials in India

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2026-03-09

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

agnihotri, anustubh; Dasgupta, Aditya; Devesh Kapur, 2026, "Bureaucrat Assignments as Instruments of Political Control: Evidence from Land Administration Officials in India", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:oRNtjOJm+WrczrT7VbOcHA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Bureaucrat Assignments as Instruments of Political Control: Evidence from Land Administration Officials in India

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P

Authoring Entity:

agnihotri, anustubh (ashoka university)

Dasgupta, Aditya (https://ror.org/00d9ah105)

Devesh Kapur (https://ror.org/02wt5sv47)

Producer:

Anustubh Agnihotri

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Anustubh Agnihotri

Depositor:

agnihotri, anustubh

Date of Deposit:

2025-06-14

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Bureaucracy, Transfers, Political Economy, State Capacity

Abstract:

This paper investigates how politicians use personnel policy to control, and sometimes corrupt, bureaucratic behavior, focusing on the assignment of bureaucrats to geographical posts. With a matching model, we show that when posts vary in desirability, politicians can use assignments as carrots/sticks to control bureaucrats even when they cannot be fired. The argument is tested with a nationwide survey of Indian officials who regulate/administer land, a lucrative asset and source of political rents in fast-growing countries. With a novel design, we show that officials prefer posts with urban amenities, good staffing, and hometown proximity. These preferences are intense in salary-equivalent terms. Ruling parties pressure officials to bend regulations by strategically assigning them to their preferred posts but threatening transfer should they fail to comply, especially in locations with high corruption potential (volume of rural-to-urban land transactions). The findings highlight bureaucrat assignments as a potent instrument of political control/corruption of bureaucracy.

Notes:

This dataset underwent an independent verification process, complying with the AJPS Verification Policy updated June 2023, which replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of the code. The verification process was carried out by the Cornell Center for Social Sciences at Cornell University. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded the Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://www.cos.io/">Center for Open Science</a>. <br></br> <img src="https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/2024-04/materials_large_color.png" alt="Open Materials Badge " width="60" height="60"> <br></br> Open Materials Badge

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Sources:

Agnihotri, Anustubh, Aditya Dasgupta, and Devesh Kapur. 2022. “All India Tehsildar Survey.” https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BXZL6P Harvard Dataverse

Data Access

Disclaimer:

The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Cornell Center for Social Sciences are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

Notes:

This dataset is made available with limited information on how it can be used. You may wish to communicate with the Contact(s) specified before use.

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f13406221

File: KHURDABALIPATNA.tab

  • Number of cases: 8

  • No. of variables per record: 7

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

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File Description--f13406240

File: KHURDABANPUR.tab

  • Number of cases: 8

  • No. of variables per record: 7

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

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Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

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f13406221 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 8.0; Min. 4017.0; Max. 4017.0; Mean 4017.0

Variable Format: numeric

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f13406221 Location:

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f13406221 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 8.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ti006bjhz2lub2qnhIWCNA==

b'BALIPATNA'

f13406221 Location:

Variable Format: character

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1090041

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Summary Statistics: Valid 8.0; StDev 52.804051522045704; Max. 1090165.0; Mean 1090094.625; Min. 1090023.0

Variable Format: numeric

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b'GHARABARI'

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4017

f13406240 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 8.0; Min. 4017.0; Max. 4017.0; Mean 4017.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rp9jzJwHyMXK4ikMFKbKqQ==

b'KHURDA'

f13406240 Location:

Variable Format: character

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f13406240 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 3.0; Valid 8.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Mwf40ejMfSpZNp5rS0P5w==

b'BANPUR'

f13406240 Location:

Variable Format: character

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f13406240 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 105.4736764722432; Mean 1100122.875; Valid 8.0; Min. 1100018.0; Max. 1100299.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u0nvwk4oqQO94OPxK3lL5A==

b'GHARABARI'

f13406240 Location:

Variable Format: character

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