Replication Data for: Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding (doi:10.7910/DVN/5D4UAY)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding

doi:10.7910/DVN/5D4UAY

Harvard Dataverse

2016-12-01

2

Sorenson, Olav; Assenova, Valentina; Li, Guan-Cheng; Boada, Jason; Fleming, Lee, 2016, "Replication Data for: Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5D4UAY, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:6:DhId/eClThCi+kDAKUgEug== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding

doi:10.7910/DVN/5D4UAY

Sorenson, Olav (Yale University)

Assenova, Valentina (Yale University)

Li, Guan-Cheng (University of California, Berkeley)

Boada, Jason (IBM)

Fleming, Lee (University of California, Berkeley)

1536022.

1536022.

1536022.

1536022.

Harvard Dataverse

Assenova, Valentina

Assenova, Valentina

2016-12-01

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5D4UAY

Business and Management, Social Sciences, crowdfunding, innovation, venture capital

Using data on Kickstarter campaigns and venture capital investments from 2009-2015, we explored whether crowdfunding expanded access to financial capital, in the sense of supporting innovation in more geographically diverse regions than venture capital. Over this period, crowdfunding has supported projects in many regions that have attracted little or no venture capital. Within regions, moreover, the evidence suggests that successful crowdfunding campaigns attract future venture capital investments and that they have been doing so at an increasing rate. Crowdfunding therefore appears to be expanding access to capital to a larger pool of innovators.

2009-2015

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Olav Sorenson, Valentina Assenova, Guan-Cheng Li, Jason Boada, Lee Fleming. "Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding." Science 23 Dec 2016: Vol. 354, Issue 6319, pp. 1526-1528 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6989

Olav Sorenson, Valentina Assenova, Guan-Cheng Li, Jason Boada, Lee Fleming. "Expand innovation finance via crowdfunding." Science 23 Dec 2016: Vol. 354, Issue 6319, pp. 1526-1528 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6989

• Number of cases: 7

• No. of variables per record: 3

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:DBsIwoC1qlw50efqrx8y1A==

coefficient estimates and standard errors from 2SLS IV models used for coefficient plots

• Number of cases: 21

• No. of variables per record: 4

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:NlyHZ4vVZZsKmzKD4KjTfA==

coefficient estimates and standard errors from 2SLS IV models for *all* investments for coefficient plots

• Number of cases: 7

• No. of variables per record: 9

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:IgzTnP8j0TuvHNuJdyToXA==

gini coefficient estimates and bootstrapped standard errors for coefficients plots

• Number of cases: 7

• No. of variables per record: 3

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:oNELrXM3/CYy+x9BUB5xGA==

coefficient estimates and standard errors from 2SLS IV models for *tech only* investments for coefficient plots

• Number of cases: 3143

• No. of variables per record: 3

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:thUBtku1jo2Z8YhdejAT1A==

fips-county level codes and names for matching to shape files

• Number of cases: 22575

• No. of variables per record: 23

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:8OV0tu2sHHUC+NbmiCPx6Q==

county-year data used for calculation of locational Gini coefficients

• Number of cases: 3225

• No. of variables per record: 16

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:hpFPeSBpqW9QIHZVouI6hg==

aggregated KS and VC data by county for the period 2009-2015

• Number of cases: 51

• No. of variables per record: 19

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:qY0kJH0N3c8CcvDcmfSZDg==

fips-state level codes and names for matching to shape files

• Number of cases: 22575

• No. of variables per record: 12

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:kQC37jhDliEVHn/WXeolGg==

matched KS and VC investments by county-year, 2009-2015

• Number of cases: 22575

• No. of variables per record: 11

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:rMPGMMRYPXi6277XQyicrQ==

(robustness checks) matched *tech only* KS and VC investments by county-year, 2009-2015

• name - name
• coef - coef
• se - se
• name - name
• year - year
• coef - coef
• se - se
• "year" - "year"
• "gini_vc" - "gini_vc"
• "se_vc" - "se_vc"
• "gini_ks" - "gini_ks"
• "se_ks" - "se_ks"
• "gini_ks_succ" - "gini_ks_succ"
• "se_ks_succ" - "se_ks_succ"
• "gini_ks_succ_100" - "gini_ks_succ_100"
• "se_ks_succ_100" - "se_ks_succ_100"
• name - name
• coef - coef
• se - se
• fips - fips
• name - name
• state - state
• fips - fips
• num_patents - num_patents
• year - year
• num_citations - num_citations
• amount - amount
• num_campaigns - num_campaigns
• num_successful - num_successful
• instrument_all - instrument_all
• instrument_successful - instrument_successful
• successful_100 - successful_100
• vc_count - vc_count
• vc_amount - vc_amount
• state - state
• area_name - area_name
• census_2010_pop - census_2010_pop
• estimates_base_2010 - estimates_base_2010
• pop_estimate_2010 - pop_estimate_2010
• pop_estimate_2011 - pop_estimate_2011
• pop_estimate_2012 - pop_estimate_2012
• pop_estimate_2013 - pop_estimate_2013
• pop_estimate_2014 - pop_estimate_2014
• pop_estimate_2015 - pop_estimate_2015
• _merge - _merge
• fips - fips
• amount - amount
• num_patents - num_patents
• num_citations - num_citations
• num_campaigns - num_campaigns
• num_successful - num_successful
• successful_100 - successful_100
• vc_count - vc_count
• vc_amount - vc_amount
• total_ks_amount - total_ks_amount
• total_vc_amount - total_vc_amount
• cf_patents - cf_patents
• vc_patents - vc_patents
• cf_cites - cf_cites
• vc_cites - vc_cites
• prop - prop
• fips - fips
• State - State
• State.Abbr - State.Abbr
• Region - Region
• Population - Population
• White - White
• Black - Black
• Indian.Alaskan - Indian.Alaskan
• Asian - Asian
• Hawaii.Pacific - Hawaii.Pacific
• Other - Other
• Two.Or.More - Two.Or.More
• White.pct - White.pct
• Black.pct - Black.pct
• Indian.Alaskan.pct - Indian.Alaskan.pct
• Asian.Pct - Asian.Pct
• Hawaii.Pacific.Pct - Hawaii.Pacific.Pct
• Other - Other
• Two.Or.More.pct - Two.Or.More.pct
• fips - fips
• num_patents - num_patents
• year - year
• num_citations - num_citations
• amount - amount
• num_campaigns - num_campaigns
• num_successful - num_successful
• instrument_all - instrument_all
• instrument_successful - instrument_successful
• successful_100 - successful_100
• vc_count - vc_count
• vc_amount - vc_amount
• fips - fips
• num_patents - num_patents
• year - year
• num_citations - num_citations
• amount - amount
• num_campaigns - num_campaigns
• num_successful - num_successful
• instrument_successful - instrument_successful
• successful_100 - successful_100
• vc_count - vc_count
• vc_amount - vc_amount

f2962540 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.160246899469287; Min. 2009.0; Valid 7.0; Mean 2012.0; Max. 2015.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U39Xj/gMwjmdfQD3zj2hQg==

f2962540 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 7.0; StDev 0.10252513280724321; Mean 0.19805714285714285; Max. 0.3579; Min. 0.0482;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F4yu8P/kFq1git/AEnYRaw==

f2962540 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.009942166095306728; Max. 0.0372; Mean 0.0149; Min. 0.0096; Valid 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MOIsjW9XGd/uf5OUWXD+nQ==

f2962546 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:M8mPU5FKobbBDy2H2JzVyQ==

f2962546 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2009.0; Valid 21.0; Max. 2015.0; StDev 2.04939015319192; Mean 2012.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8o+YjgBo2sBOYcLzfzkUIg==

f2962546 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0173869; StDev 0.2965064252841596; Mean 0.32408677619047616; Max. 1.0099; Valid 21.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5z1Yb3gPTP7vQ5P9lB8RAg==

f2962546 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.017162790476190477; Max. 0.0962; Min. 0.0094301; Valid 21.0; StDev 0.019112118098680346;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wlSYwzvVlrS30db1hn2low==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2009.0; Max. 2015.0; Valid 7.0; Mean 2012.0; StDev 2.160246899469287

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U39Xj/gMwjmdfQD3zj2hQg==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9875132972177; Valid 7.0; StDev 0.0020142014905222667; Min. 0.98229255366127; Mean 0.9850085789991618

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q+ykNGKbiE7nKx2JRP/vwg==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.00162239196472908; Valid 7.0; Max. 0.00297749687584112; Mean 0.002056404509361543; StDev 4.627315768821323E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IW4Qjf8KZ4PDWYnDj8al7Q==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.905639187738419; Max. 0.993899816783392; StDev 0.07396876274012788; Valid 7.0; Min. 0.79289453641222

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4hZtUYq/OJRb2ykdylSz9Q==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009689050899591765; StDev 0.0061343333723437475; Min. 0.00122700456250729; Valid 7.0; Max. 0.0177341860525326;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o8+GMcJz1OdrlWslNVwK/g==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 7.0; Min. 0.913501341088954; Max. 0.998014054529652; Mean 0.9560063810827418; StDev 0.031690508656948634

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gXhGSyGMlhYr7gTyA8Mrlg==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 7.0; Min. 7.35324213157103E-4; Max. 0.0103110512624918; StDev 0.0033808007094299377; Mean 0.005549782674974741

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h3fZqW2oYWK7gVgt0dw3Ow==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.001123835828165321; Valid 6.0; Min. 0.995969115098611; Max. 0.99931712805742; Mean 0.997555399790094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DoH4+ba6WAvPplxj0dSYqQ==

f2962529 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.540467709232386E-4; StDev 3.2650670279360137E-4; Valid 5.0; Min. 6.23045245631011E-4; Max. 0.00147146485796774

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:utljci4FwA6Vh3d2cNyohw==

f2962550 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2012.0; Max. 2015.0; StDev 2.160246899469287; Valid 7.0; Min. 2009.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U39Xj/gMwjmdfQD3zj2hQg==

f2962550 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 7.0; Max. 1.0099; StDev 0.21907994518200974; Min. 0.3752; Mean 0.6831714285714285

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XBAOhGAcDOqj/pli+LdOSg==

f2962550 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0320690772284722; Valid 7.0; Mean 0.023528571428571426; Max. 0.0962; Min. 0.0102

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QPlKysCZSnFNrzb1M/Nvkg==

f2962545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 56045.0; Mean 30390.411708558437; StDev 15164.71771996358; Min. 1001.0; Valid 3143.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FPNcSSmYN2d+whVrkhhitQ==

f2962545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:aI4/9vZLeXafqAFM6aPgzw==

f2962545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FTsBZvMSf+ttCA5cZFwpHQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 31452.31131782772; StDev 16352.537196735648; Valid 22575.0; Max. 78030.0; Min. 1001.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N1E4cipvsW7QEANk7LbCVQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 25956.0; StDev 369.31364269233035; Mean 42.42542635658927; Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bk7pj8j4x2JzZr8R62nCfw==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2015.0; Mean 2012.0; Min. 2009.0; Valid 22575.0; StDev 2.000044298260191

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:esWCvuOBK9faqPpGEaOLXA==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 757.3572978958947; StDev 6803.456773554851; Max. 426996.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qa2Wpan/2gQS6VWx00VnqQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 477695.8246048732; Mean 32777.17922480268; Valid 22575.0; Max. 2.6700419E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8WKDUnk9Pi1Xd/4g30uAUQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.436456256921397; StDev 20.070305458097216; Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0; Max. 1041.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DL5x0QawGig00HH8IeehTA==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7034330011074009; Max. 281.0; StDev 6.2633342614628065; Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PZATy52VQmWIzWNMKi7CZA==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 42.41312663708122; Max. 2689.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 3.6343743078626694; Valid 22575.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4Oj2EvvaC04wICLpNmpwDA==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1225.0; StDev 21.024576896957903; Mean 1.712203765226987; Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y+KlGs8jZceNPNki+uYXFg==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 35.0; StDev 0.4192852247622754; Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.01559246954595601

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3UPCN0uwvWQoQcJXeQREdQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 595.0; Mean 0.6806201550386581; StDev 11.170404754596222; Valid 22575.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bnFWStxy5PxVNKc/GRDIyw==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 1.3074551087633923E8; Max. 1.2352702976E10; Valid 22575.0; Mean 5121190.353398816;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GD/jM9KQCbOwoUQt91GR6A==

f2962532 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:X7UI81Y62urhbFW1y6PNfw==

f2962532 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:V5S3UjWqYXMZD2pYB4aYow==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 97066.68095681642; Max. 9818605.0; StDev 309345.51528305706; Min. 82.0; Valid 22533.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Lh4u9SX2tYQD0VffrXQ4bQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 309356.97418201383; Valid 22533.0; Max. 9818700.0; Min. 82.0; Mean 97072.63218390681

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:59oeaLWekAq7TvXEiWz5dA==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9826009.0; Min. 83.0; Mean 97254.09288598994; StDev 309939.2284484624; Valid 22533.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YtRCD2Bm6G2XlzdAWDK2mw==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 97977.61385523423; Max. 9896602.0; StDev 313056.11664521124; Valid 22533.0; Min. 90.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:otJKrR9tGqvcnHHq7e7cAg==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 316280.2056052769; Min. 81.0; Valid 22533.0; Mean 98704.35538987046; Max. 9970436.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YyBYYV5w93o8OtIai2dsYg==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 319407.606145746; Max. 1.0045175E7; Mean 99413.64461012969; Min. 89.0; Valid 22533.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zvu8emlx0/+q+Y5RfeT02A==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 87.0; Mean 100165.96334264863; Valid 22533.0; StDev 322469.54913753516; Max. 1.0109436E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Oamwy3WbtnyfuETkn9J1nQ==

f2962532 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 325408.83152048837; Valid 22533.0; Min. 89.0; Max. 1.0170292E7; Mean 100927.27027026951

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3EpCHytw8Z9Dnoz90+ZTzQ==

f2962532 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:vEnHdxCQaequ1ONHcJbs0g==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1001.0; StDev 16354.710820954497; Max. 78030.0; Valid 3225.0; Mean 31452.31131782858

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iD+4Pa7q4ADvtI57BsQdhg==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3225.0; Mean 229440.25457364362; Min. 0.0; Max. 7.4667116E7; StDev 2392582.977864713

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y5Wj4+krp740yQlm7tGgwQ==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3225.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 296.97798449612; Max. 96584.0; StDev 2289.2598604969107

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ceBqQhUguFoelbwUxEogag==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1863299.0; Mean 5301.501085271382; StDev 42629.47547144889; Valid 3225.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8TdNyt8vfEIni9GwvwtYiQ==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3282.0; Valid 3225.0; StDev 106.68782900784275; Mean 17.055193798449828; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cQ9wEWLrJP5wW1UtdhVJMg==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.924031007751922; StDev 34.83252374998188; Min. 0.0; Valid 3225.0; Max. 967.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jN1O2ofKPkuwuLZrxRTXrw==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3225.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.10914728682170478; StDev 2.27591092082981; Max. 115.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aFXtlrtPv9XhbXwbwFsQyg==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 71.25799963629704; Max. 2644.0; Mean 4.764341085271365; Min. 0.0; Valid 3225.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f9NzxyMg4T7aCvyKvwHeLw==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3225.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 3.584833247379782E7; StDev 6.986371978518335E8; Max. 2.6857313776E10

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L+43KNxhrU3hZsNs0Jg0mA==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 7.39944832E8; Max. 7.39944832E8; Valid 3225.0; Min. 7.39944832E8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uWsiHTcGykW0s2RiqeCc/w==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.1561086976E11; Max. 1.1561086976E11; Min. 1.1561086976E11; Valid 3225.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BlVRfoIm/0r0c5xoo8bAjw==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 152795.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 570.8555685829479; StDev 4123.973581809511; Valid 2532.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9xT7MHHLsBUcFZ3LFis2yA==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 118472.34568123867; StDev 1444007.4050619546; Min. 0.0; Valid 2532.0; Max. 5.0E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dMiKQuzyCslbcThwbnw1Gw==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 647.2682310213863; Valid 2447.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 81.3516471198461; Max. 17965.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+ESKBPvyNK5HNZEss4P1uw==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 669257.8912421714; Min. 0.0; Mean 32457.930248697143; Max. 3.0E7; Valid 2447.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/lmQ08iJdukceJHOZKNP4A==

f2962530 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.7815102E-5; Max. 9999.0; Valid 1521.0; Mean 7540.307753618559; StDev 4292.698463185425;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KRdZ6VGTk9rykb/ilJxH9A==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1000.0; Mean 28960.784313725497; StDev 15832.827649303488; Valid 51.0; Max. 56000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P/QVEp7cATvhJJmDvbp7HQ==

f2962531 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NMV+j91yMuCoroC8+bXu/A==

f2962531 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0jdrghCM14ykrWzZEb/btg==

f2962531 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ywmv20yhxPAdgnXQkhh2Hw==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 563.626; StDev 6823.9842713947; Mean 6053.834078431372; Valid 51.0; Max. 37253.956

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r2LenPxQUHWJvNVMN5yYcw==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 231.471; StDev 4437.332971418999; Mean 4383.397352941177; Valid 51.0; Max. 21453.934

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jDsBPW5Uzt2y6d+9j18MeA==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 913.1020960297593; Valid 51.0; Mean 763.3199803921568; Max. 3073.8; Min. 4.027

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GM3Im8f41rbsEF+zu1QLCQ==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.079; Valid 51.0; StDev 79.58426885771128; Max. 362.801; Mean 57.49505882352941;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qeswUsTBuThbwI/vt0pnyg==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.426; StDev 706.6987701212236; Valid 51.0; Max. 4861.007; Mean 287.730431372549;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MmMAv1BSa+c4/Vkp5E0M9w==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 51.0; StDev 27.387271728576792; Max. 144.386; Mean 10.588490196078432; Min. 0.16;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PieL51x1kJQYDDtP/DPu5A==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6317.372; Valid 51.0; Mean 374.65427450980394; Min. 2.105; StDev 951.1889849403444

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9fcIzM74MGYL2PELqU9bPQ==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1815.384; Min. 10.753; Mean 176.64849019607843; StDev 273.4629768102712; Valid 51.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fucLB/LZ9zDXZqANahWIHQ==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95.3; Valid 51.0; Min. 24.7; StDev 13.879810418550461; Mean 75.9921568627451

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IBZwZIhhU+KZm4eGROdOKQ==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 51.0; Min. 0.4; Max. 50.7; StDev 11.021239743794526; Mean 11.12156862745098

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7JJbfqrrR4FmX+cRb6ApeA==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 51.0; Mean 1.7117647058823529; Max. 14.8; StDev 2.927227156120517; Min. 0.2;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wher9Mjvg2TbKRipJxWK+g==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 38.6; Min. 0.6; StDev 5.52962999152179; Valid 51.0; Mean 3.6803921568627453

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ib7OElVRA5IPLhwvdVc5kA==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Valid 51.0; StDev 1.3986155619740828; Mean 0.3215686274509804; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TXZDB7d/R/Do7Gj/VgwhGA==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.680348448976313; Mean 4.105882352941176; Min. 0.3; Max. 17.0; Valid 51.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WxsngJHfH4DBlJPPbkpKkw==

f2962531 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 51.0; Mean 3.056862745098039; Min. 1.1; StDev 3.1567866511350298; Max. 23.6

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L3auGs4fZIoGvpIeBRvjFQ==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 78030.0; Mean 31452.31131782772; Valid 22575.0; Min. 1001.0; StDev 16352.537196735624;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b0vkvKkSNYxDCWCDZKH/mA==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 42.425426356582484; Min. 0.0; StDev 369.3136426923287; Valid 22575.0; Max. 25956.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C1tFt1L+XT5fHWufniR3PQ==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; StDev 2.000044298260191; Mean 2012.0; Min. 2009.0; Max. 2015.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5wAALuan2dX8sFWhVlY5Cg==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 757.3572978961557; StDev 6803.456773554806; Max. 426996.0; Valid 22575.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vtg/t2DJN66P/Fl0kZ1NXQ==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0; StDev 477695.8246048737; Mean 32777.17922480536; Max. 2.6700419E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g5hJyWHgXzR2hdPbnP3LSg==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 20.070305458094218; Mean 2.4364562569213084; Max. 1041.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YGuJJZCsM5bAbTloKuBUqw==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.703433001107402; Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 281.0; StDev 6.263334261462565

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sWKg8Ozdhx9xQq9gP5b2Qg==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 42.41312663707521; Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0; Max. 2689.0; Mean 3.6343743078623767

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qJnCSvNkCOe5Lp4AEviZEg==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1225.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.712203765226985; StDev 21.024576896957747; Valid 22575.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dyD9Vtwd+A1MJlph/HgNmw==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4192852247622723; Valid 22575.0; Max. 35.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.015592469545956833

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rd9264D/m4uRKoZiO52tfg==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6806201550386785; Valid 22575.0; Max. 595.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 11.170404754596325

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZmmyHh3geLpGDeJ9yE9C0Q==

f2962533 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5121190.353399342; Max. 1.2352702976E10; Valid 22575.0; StDev 1.3074551087639539E8; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CtcJkgeNxpgX3GXar+/agA==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 78030.0; Min. 1001.0; Valid 22575.0; StDev 16352.537196735624; Mean 31452.31131782772

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b0vkvKkSNYxDCWCDZKH/mA==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 25956.0; Mean 42.425426356582484; StDev 369.3136426923287

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C1tFt1L+XT5fHWufniR3PQ==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Min. 2009.0; Mean 2012.0; Max. 2015.0; StDev 2.000044298260191

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5wAALuan2dX8sFWhVlY5Cg==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 6803.456773554806; Max. 426996.0; Valid 22575.0; Mean 757.3572978961557; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vtg/t2DJN66P/Fl0kZ1NXQ==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 12325.015769657277; StDev 250668.64062114374; Max. 2.0068501E7; Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WFcp/Jqjq6I6JfwUYbzRBg==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.596969075841904; Mean 0.5427242524916789; Valid 22575.0; Max. 327.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9yiUHpSvPKLq6qZuTEIrrg==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Mean 0.12358803986710555; Max. 74.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 1.4773201898180355

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CNhoteIGxML6OTHRmrt63Q==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.712203765226985; Max. 1225.0; StDev 21.024576896957747

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dyD9Vtwd+A1MJlph/HgNmw==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.015592469545956833; Max. 35.0; StDev 0.4192852247622723; Valid 22575.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rd9264D/m4uRKoZiO52tfg==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 595.0; Valid 22575.0; Mean 0.6806201550386785; StDev 11.170404754596325

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZmmyHh3geLpGDeJ9yE9C0Q==

f2962537 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3074551087639539E8; Max. 1.2352702976E10; Mean 5121190.353399342; Min. 0.0; Valid 22575.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CtcJkgeNxpgX3GXar+/agA==

Label:

crosswalks.m

Text:

replication of the VC and Kickstarter TF-IDF categorical overlaps

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Label:

dict

Text:

dictionary of words used across VC categories and Kickstarter textual descriptions

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Label:

docu

Text:

vector representation of VC categorical and Kickstarter textual descriptions

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Label:

gz_2010_us_050_00_5m.json

Text:

U.S. county and state shape files

application/json

Label:

ksvc.info

Text:

VC and Kickstarter pre-defined categories

application/octet-stream

Label:

README

Text:

replication instructions file

text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Label:

R_replication_figures_final.R

Text:

replication of the *figures* in the main text and supplementary materials

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

R_replication_maps_final.R

Text:

replication of the maps in the supplementary materials

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

R_replication_maps_final_Fig1.R

Text:

replication of the map in the main text

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

R_replication_tables_final.R

Text:

replication of the *tables* in the main text and supplementary materials

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

Stata_replication_final.do

Text:

replication of the 2SLS IV models

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

Stata_replication_final.do

Text:

replication of the 2SLS IV models

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

stoplist

Text:

TF-IDF replication - stoplist

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Label:

tfidf_rescaling.m

Text:

TF-IDF replication rescaling code

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII