<codeBook xmlns="ddi:codebook:2_5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="ddi:codebook:2_5 https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.5/XMLSchema/codebook.xsd" version="2.5"><docDscr><citation><titlStmt><titl>State-Imposed Local Fiscal Rules Dataset</titl><IDNo agency="DOI">doi:10.7910/DVN/YP0J9L</IDNo></titlStmt><distStmt><distrbtr source="archive">Harvard Dataverse</distrbtr><distDate>2025-06-02</distDate></distStmt><verStmt source="archive"><version date="2025-07-03" type="RELEASED">2</version></verStmt><biblCit>Jimenez, Benedict, 2025, "State-Imposed Local Fiscal Rules Dataset", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YP0J9L, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:6:OzMflLVy5zTP0CbQPEwi7g== [fileUNF]</biblCit></citation></docDscr><stdyDscr><citation><titlStmt><titl>State-Imposed Local Fiscal Rules Dataset</titl><IDNo agency="DOI">doi:10.7910/DVN/YP0J9L</IDNo></titlStmt><rspStmt><AuthEnty affiliation="Georgia State University">Jimenez, Benedict</AuthEnty></rspStmt><prodStmt/><distStmt><distrbtr source="archive">Harvard Dataverse</distrbtr><contact affiliation="Georgia State University" email="bjimenez@gsu.edu">Jimenez, Benedict</contact><depositr>Jimenez, Benedict</depositr><depDate>2025-06-02</depDate></distStmt><holdings URI="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YP0J9L"/></citation><stdyInfo><subject><keyword xml:lang="en">Social Sciences</keyword><keyword>State-imposed local fiscal rules</keyword></subject><abstract date="2025-06-02">The dataset contains information on fiscal rules imposed by state governments on municipal governments in the U.S. State-imposed local fiscal rules include balanced budget requirements (BBR), debt limits (DL), and tax and expenditure limits (TEL).</abstract><sumDscr/></stdyInfo><method><dataColl><sources/></dataColl><anlyInfo/></method><dataAccs><setAvail/><useStmt/><notes type="DVN:TOU" level="dv">&lt;a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0&lt;/a></notes></dataAccs><othrStdyMat/></stdyDscr><fileDscr ID="f11583975" URI="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/api/access/datafile/11583975"><fileTxt><fileName>State-Imposed Local Fiscal Rules Dataset.tab</fileName><dimensns><caseQnty>50</caseQnty><varQnty>24</varQnty></dimensns><fileType>text/tab-separated-values</fileType></fileTxt><notes level="file" type="VDC:UNF" subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint">UNF:6:OzMflLVy5zTP0CbQPEwi7g==</notes></fileDscr><dataDscr><var ID="v36803106" name="name" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Name of state</labl><varFormat type="character"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:nrLh20VOGo+WX6loB1RrjQ==</notes></var><var ID="v36803095" name="d_state" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">State FIPS code</labl><sumStat type="vald">50.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">56.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">29.5</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">15.782242669325212</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">29.320000000000004</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:O1eXkW7NEZbMb/2ASjX2cw==</notes></var><var ID="v36803092" name="statename" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">State postal abbreviation</labl><varFormat type="character"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:v7HscfgrYLwl/NdTIP4XWg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803099" name="bbr_stmuni" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">State-imposed balanced budget requirement for municipal governments</labl><sumStat type="vald">40.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">10.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:i3yJmQfARD0c2D4KYyyIUw==</notes></var><var ID="v36803108" name="bbr_statutory" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Statutory balanced budget requirement</labl><sumStat type="vald">40.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">10.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:i3yJmQfARD0c2D4KYyyIUw==</notes></var><var ID="v36803101" name="bbr_constitutional" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Constitutional balanced budget requirement</labl><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">3.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">47.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:fgWpAQ5jN42EK+NPQuuong==</notes></var><var ID="v36803096" name="bbr_preparation" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Proposed budget required to be balanced</labl><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">11.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">39.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:s6tOLW0onNgtl62o7BSDyg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803097" name="bbr_adoption" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Adopted budget required to be balanced</labl><sumStat type="invd">11.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">39.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:s6tOLW0onNgtl62o7BSDyg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803109" name="bbr_implementation" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Budget must be balanced at the end of the budget implementation period</labl><sumStat type="invd">42.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">8.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:QGsjjmkT6BuvypKFUbO2lg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803088" name="dl_stmuni" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">State-imposed debt limit for municipal governments</labl><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">50.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:/q99Don0dc+L9GLW9Sn2qQ==</notes></var><var ID="v36803102" name="dl_statutory" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Debt limit is statutory</labl><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">44.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">6.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:86YOLMNlZnVv1U7TCtqy3A==</notes></var><var ID="v36803086" name="dl_constitutional" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Debt limit is constitutional</labl><sumStat type="invd">19.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">31.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:qrNwm67zBQOtGtkjU1ttQg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803090" name="dl_numerical" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Numerical or percentage-based debt limit</labl><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">35.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">15.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:TGZeg5W+qsZ2iLzeVk+QjQ==</notes></var><var ID="v36803105" name="dl_referendum" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Referendum-based debt limit</labl><sumStat type="vald">44.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">6.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:46adz8LtE8EDQ9XCS6bBYw==</notes></var><var ID="v36803091" name="dl_supermajority" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Council supermajority vote-based debt limit</labl><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">41.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">9.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:YMOcZFnh2qnw895ErA6wRQ==</notes></var><var ID="v36803087" name="dl_stapprove" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">State government approval-based debt 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type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:DNpaY5JCcx2W4AIDEzKUAg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803100" name="tel_statutory" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Tax and expenditure limit is statutory</labl><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">47.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">3.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:DNpaY5JCcx2W4AIDEzKUAg==</notes></var><var ID="v36803107" name="tel_constitutional" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Tax and expenditure limit is constitutional</labl><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">25.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">25.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:1x/vcGhpzp+Afm/dJ2kMGw==</notes></var><var ID="v36803089" name="tel_assessment" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Property tax assessment increase limit</labl><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">33.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">17.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:ZvZveDXFSw0YNi5Jj56yUQ==</notes></var><var ID="v36803094" name="tel_rate" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Property tax rate limit</labl><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">14.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">36.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:LmN5UUWPvIhjNugTIM0F0g==</notes></var><var ID="v36803104" name="tel_levy" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Property tax levy (revenue) limit</labl><sumStat type="vald">38.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">12.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:beCINukqssxqInD5oGWxwA==</notes></var><var ID="v36803093" name="tel_revexp" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">General revenue and/or general expenditure limit</labl><sumStat type="invd">41.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="min">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="vald">9.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><varFormat type="numeric"/><notes subject="Universal Numeric Fingerprint" level="variable" type="Dataverse:UNF">UNF:6:3i+cgjV8SZtyUUWpqSrTog==</notes></var><var ID="v36803103" name="tel_disclosure" intrvl="discrete"><location fileid="f11583975"/><labl level="variable">Full disclosure or truth in taxation requirement</labl><sumStat type="vald">22.0</sumStat><sumStat type="stdev">0.0</sumStat><sumStat type="mode">.</sumStat><sumStat type="mean">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="max">1.0</sumStat><sumStat type="invd">28.0</sumStat><sumStat type="medn">1.0</sumStat><sumStat 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