Replication Data for: High-Profile Criminal Violence. Why Drug Cartels Murder Government Officials and Party Candidates in Mexicodoi:10.7910/DVN/VIXNNEHarvard Dataverse2019-06-181Trejo, Guillermo; Ley, Sandra, 2019, "Replication Data for: High-Profile Criminal Violence. Why Drug Cartels Murder Government Officials and Party Candidates in Mexico", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VIXNNE, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:BcqInKD9NBX3NkI48CdqpQ== [fileUNF]Replication Data for: High-Profile Criminal Violence. Why Drug Cartels Murder Government Officials and Party Candidates in Mexicodoi:10.7910/DVN/VIXNNETrejo, GuillermoLey, SandraHarvard DataverseLey, SandraLey, Sandra2018-11-01Social Sciencesorganized crimecriminal governancehigh-profile violenceturf warspartisan vertical fragmentationelection cyclesThis article explains a surprising wave of lethal attacks by drug cartels against hundreds of local elected officials and party candidates in Mexico, 2007-2012. These attacks are puzzling because criminal organizations prefer the secrecy of bribery over the publicity of political murder. Scholars suggest that war drives armed actors to attack state authorities in search of protection or rents. Using original data of high-profile attacks in Mexico, we show that war need arguments underexplain violence. Focusing on political opportunities, we suggest that cartels use attacks to establish criminal governance regimes and conquer local governments, populations, and territories. We present quantitative and qualitative evidence showing that cartels took advantage of Mexico's political polarization and targeted subnational authorities who were unprotected by their federal partisan rivals. Cartels intensified attacks during subnational election cycles to capture incoming governments and targeted geographically adjacent municipalities to establish controls over large territories. Our findings reveal how cartels take cues from the political environment to develop their own de facto political domains through high-profile violence. These results question the widely shared assumption that organized criminal groups are apolitical actors.This dataverse includes the relevant .do and .dta files for replicating the analyses reported in the manuscript. Please see the ReadMe file for more information on how to use these materials. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>Dataset_HighProfileCriminalViolence.tab1210836text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:p1pp2c4CbQDwUalH2VRt7w==Dataset used for regression models and mapsFigure1_timetrend_1995-2012.tab184text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:9ezlpIIoqYOvaRuP82KsGA==Database to generate Figure 1Figure2_levelgovt_2007-2012.tab63text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:VFVABkTNZpooiqhCTn+CZQ==Database to generate Figure 2Figure3_parties_2007-2012.dta.tab43text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:U2HEUnpN81kbjmRM0ZHQqw==Database to generate Figure 3Figure4_attacks_vs_governed.tab65text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:xWeYrhGIsvBonzY1bMjv8g==Database to generate Figure 4Figure5_electoralcycles_2006-2012.tab425text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:lXGS2V/Lcc10cVC3jpNxcQ==Database to generate Figure 5Municipal INEGI code1001.020067.012108.032058.00.019265.662619756302.8049.623993393807UNF:6:G8dTKBWe7hyXM30HrHLgGQ==State nameUNF:6:oPkPK9P6+OFcylrUWdo17Q==Municipality nameUNF:6:I5LEz/9tZxSfxEob0y35CQ==year2009.5.2007.00.02009.512108.02012.01.7078956566871022UNF:6:U3LBPku1YyKVed9V7b02xg==Total number of attacks0.03.012108.00.18469832809796707.0.00.0256854971919395080.0UNF:6:LiG+FlNRX2Od/tnwnIIwaQ===1 if positive count of attacks, 0 o.w..0.145234559070218040.00.0215559960356784581.00.012108.00.0UNF:6:/x4ZZMSg8mCfuPw0nNZEQw==Drug-related murder rate per 1,000 pop (CVM)12095.00.032064711310502730.28952208520683270.0.13.016.379673004150390.0UNF:6:hFa66tmHYv4gifcZQqDm8A==Drug-related murder rate per 1,000 pop (Govt)10079.019.529609680175780.02029.0.0.094922158236575320.00.47849825894192305UNF:6:ukMbcoxJMu6rZfZIxp5kSQ==PAN, PAN, PAN.0.3144529231009530.01.012108.00.00.111248761149652930.0UNF:6:8+1ljwJY/hWIUoK+Z0X3aA==PAN, PAN, PRI/PVEM12108.00.01.00.00.00.2970381419337113.0.09778658738024408UNF:6:V8PoPGNcKHC/D5JnWW839Q==PAN, PAN, PRD/PT/CONV0.0230426164519330870.01.012108.00.00.00.15004503880699493.UNF:6:Qlc6PUznxE7bgkg41ON2xA==PAN, PRI, PAN.0.00.3474190473763690.140403039312854440.012108.01.00.0UNF:6:XyJ6eyWvwBW8qjycL7UXNw==PAN, PRI, PRI/PVEM.0.00.356788899900892460.012108.00.00.47907153537469821.0UNF:6:qIEmfL1ygIUAi02CK8R4Ow==PAN, PRI, PRD/PT/CONV12108.00.00.00.081598942847703041.00.27376403201893450.0.UNF:6:mWeVxlqy8CaZ0zkgD1QHbA==PAN, PRD, PAN0.01.012108.00.00.17700202610447290.03237528906508262.0.0UNF:6:tTD7zsTZ4Jnkbi/IWu1MHA==PAN, PRD, PRI/PVEM1.00.00.0.0.012108.00.27351139557944510.08143376280145438UNF:6:IWJrl0iswEbHn64wD8ruFw==PAN, PRD, PRD/PT/CONV0.00.060125536835150546.0.237729098431141730.012108.01.00.0UNF:6:GOOKiTCihhKMv7k4l/985A==Juxtaposition index2.1872719407929168.0.11924.04.00.03.7017779268701343184.0UNF:6:Zn9fV7/vWJDwSykeGdFoKQ==Juxtaposition*CVM0.0190.00.0.1.1368602933624960.1285017689498059211918.065.51869201660156UNF:6:h3VUfTSa/OkZDAhp8CQWtw==Election year at the local level (governor and/or mayor)0.484281209931338912108.00.3755368351503140.0.1.00.00.0UNF:6:E/dv5/b0wyZlRfJtsUoi4g==elect_local*CVM0.2057759176835665.13.012095.00.0121353761203287380.016.379673004150390.0UNF:6:hj/R18N4rVR/R23R5KvHgg==elect_fed.0.4119110347412460.00.00.012108.00.21655104063429271.0UNF:6:DqAeWcqsxe8/bzLSOY0sGA==Attacks among neighbors, t-10.54961569541618311.06.00.00.1398116013881978112102.0.0.0UNF:6:YZkKauq3nQimy5oe1gv0IA==% municipal income derived from tax collection5.40537828903995451.34662239.03.89940876968284432.067160.0.9869.0UNF:6:rTV3sVrDjChTjo9lRAWa/A==Public prosecutor offices per 1,000 pop.0.00.048102887522082420.798722088336944612.012096.0.0.00.0238145785490738UNF:6:0+UblJUW2kwu4ZuOjxRqfA===1 if party alternation in municipal office, 0 o.w..1.012104.01.00.61359881031064250.04.00.48694445277957765UNF:6:m4pv3URjd5xhxZuddWhYvg===1 if party alternation in gubernatorial office, 0 o.w.0.26577469441692310.012108.00.0.0.01.00.44176308588361735UNF:6:hcZH8fNKHNOr9q/nWNo0cg==Effective number of parties at the municipal level12088.00.77014512245028732.475044418596956.2.280985000000000320.00.9591716.87633UNF:6:prtgPOuJJ4rsVgd896f47g==Effective number of parties at the gubernatorial level12108.03.29503.2.366110.01.95410.353919686928591272.4563662033366374UNF:6:7Wg5Uzpj45ccAsn5RBoFYg==center0.00.25726792203502860.012108.00.437146338227782370.0.1.0UNF:6:pLV72s7UVc9pqhAamz950g==northcenter1.0.0.012108.00.00.094565576478356060.00.2926260419159259UNF:6:MNnDNgiBAegRyV9O6AWgYA==north0.01.0.12108.00.35330551747771760.146184340931615110.00.0UNF:6:n5UHnQ+NUcSx2TXnCJKUbA==gulf.0.134786917740338440.00.00.00.341509936811876361.012108.0UNF:6:KDGfOPlw9tbFNNn3hCeulg==pacific0.132804757185325940.012108.00.0.0.33937761584866731.00.0UNF:6:U4MmhzCvqQ5zkDx01l+SmA==southeast.12108.00.00.242853517356143660.01.00.00.06293359762141562UNF:6:uP+3P0gTuGFDUWsafTjGLQ==southwest0.37692327763442961.00.17145688800793270.00.012108.00.0.UNF:6:OMOaJn8uRaVnFX9Cg29Blw==Year5.338539126015656.2003.51995.02012.018.02003.50.0UNF:6:x6oOTeTSfa9eWVqicPg+nw==Total18.020.2222222222222180.0.89.00.04.526.322782696532844UNF:6:VVmzYedsQ93VbXlI//IBaQ==Government officials12.546.03.00.00.015.378556499229699.18.0UNF:6:uFQPQ93kIKXgLo1lJXROWQ==Party candidates & activists0.0.7.72222222222222050.043.02.018.011.86098674377253UNF:6:dKCEMOr4dIoioMEavT7ieA==UNF:6:SJ6mGbP6RQ+h56YWuUXi6A==UNF:6:ITcI7RGc7v9IEB1QvPvp/w==0.0.85.480003356933633.3333337306976340.0056385828365412.0599999427795413.21000003814697276.0UNF:6:T9sYYkyLVEoBFiYyM6flcA==UNF:6:lHe6ZeXpcIhqPyIUXRYxzA==25.3300612004895674.0.60.9599990844726560.018.715000152587891.60000002384185824.997499853372574UNF:6:b2iiB8sc6WLSyfVvjB3h3w==42.97000122070312513.273932518615927.24.220000267028814.012.50.020.704999923706055UNF:6:gkVYjlFZgQ61gHasm2wS3w==UNF:6:lKKme2ua+FqOP8u421z18g==4.053.689609527587892.01.356717348098754924.99999982118606622.10717421711788322.47683620452881.UNF:6:51LZFegvLOH14jqlBs8Eag==24.5253162384033242.4050636291503924.6044303178787232.015.0138693916454326.9620251655578614.0.UNF:6:E+K+5WbzFKXSAExZj47WRA==.4.00.02.025.8198889747161160.030.030.0UNF:6:tu2oZoOmZ83XIG+TJ2HQlg==4.02.025.81988897471611.0.030.030.060.0UNF:6:tu2oZoOmZ83XIG+TJ2HQlg==UNF:6:iKyCJCueAASzpUsZVBZatw==42.02012.02009.02009.02006.02.02424330938989570.0.UNF:6:fOqx/eMeMSQJp1XEwLpspA==39.06.62891459522608442.05.6428571428571430.0.0.04.0UNF:6:qcidSAe5S7g6Q79BY03gDA==.40.040.040.030.012.040.00.0UNF:6:srqz7e4bWjWkR7mavMwfoQ==3.5.0.03.542.06.01.7285267941367821.0UNF:6:xXUfX/tlNVrMZ3pxjk8hHQ==Codebook_HighProfileCriminalViolence.pdfCodebook associated with main data file, "Dataset_HighProfileCriminalViolence.dta"application/pdfFigures_HighProfileCriminalViolence.doDo-file to generate graphs, based on the indicated .dta fileapplication/x-stata-syntaxReadMe.pdfPlease read before using data application/pdfTables_HighProfileCriminalViolence.doDo-file to generate Table 1 and run regression models (Tables 2-4 and Appendix Table)application/x-stata-syntax