Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)doi:10.7910/DVN/UPOWMWHarvard Dataverse2025-09-172Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Huertas-Hernández, Sergio; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, "Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UPOWMW, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:6:b5NC0ssOhKb75uD6T8qM4Q== [fileUNF]Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)doi:10.7910/DVN/UPOWMWGiraudy, AgustinaGonzalez, Guadalupe AndreaHuertas-Hernández, SergioUrdinez, FranciscoAgustina GiraudyHarvard DataverseGiraudy, AgustinaGonzalez, Guadalupe2025-08-27Social SciencesSubnational electionsSubnational partiesArgentina subnationalBrazil subnationalMexico subnationalGovernorsThe <b>Subnational Executive Elections Database (SEED) (v. 1)</b> compiles data on subnational executive elections in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico from 1983 to 2024. Produced by the Subnational Politics Project (SPP) team, the database includes information on winning candidates at the subnational level, percentage of votes obtained by the winner, runner-up, and last-place candidates, election date, number of registered voters, valid and invalid votes, number of parties in contest, the effective number of parties (ENP), and other relevant attributes.The codebook for this dataset can be found here: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H96FD<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, “Codebook: Subnational Politics Project (SPP) (v. 1)”,Giraudy, Agustina; Gonzalez, Guadalupe Andrea; Urdinez, Francisco, 2025, “Codebook: Subnational Politics Project (SPP) (v. 1)”,SEED (v. 1)-1.tab289228text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:Gyy0/YbxNIlZ11cHliMHPg==SEED (v. 1).tab289228text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:C+l/EHg5SESK6BSY+xWzgw==Name of coded countryUNF:6:aJxcLcR1Icwq3el6TMFavA==ISO 3166-1 numeric country codeUNF:6:j6zUr34SEsNq90xRXKw6nA==Name of the subnational unit (province/state)UNF:6:BpIDNbhvFb0LFjSVfoxa6Q==Numeric code for subnational unit within countryUNF:6:B0es5BNkz7ly439lOAHH6A==Combined country and state code (country_code + state_code)UNF:6:G675DF/LO+2zNY3su2CQ/w==Geographic region within countryUNF:6:GcFd/SXZrEsGQ3FHD8+X2w==Calendar year of observation.2024.01983.02006.49446749654232007.00.02892.010.981524553628535UNF:6:eox6UR9KCAQQmOfYgtc0FA==Name of the candidate who won and assumed office as governorUNF:6:URAh6UUf+PoV2WCn1LJOoA==Date of subnational executive electoral processUNF:6:Fg6ISdhtFr4qzQZEtp4aIQ==Total registered voters for subnational executive election1311948.5.6241191.2110638772258.06.9281828E73241422.899053626742908.0634.0UNF:6:XlMW8ANw8RnGq3Itk6zDIQ==Total people who voted in subnational executive election28734.0.2460996.432692315046497.134021105844522.5624.02268.05.4489663E7UNF:6:T5vWogYymtNu7qN747I++Q==Voter turnout rate for subnational executive election610.012.04968732716205872.4788963594751996.865282672282.03.897496570000000476.819752895.UNF:6:ASkEenpX5OeCAuNYV2jZUA==Total valid votes for subnational executive election655.04298349.9048747462123615.3129771014.7742563E7759920.027335.02237.0.UNF:6:1/1sBbelTAAiisMkvNjIcw==Valid votes as percentage of total votes94.689140135.620.02272.099.9532366913.48739510442776787.196363850262870.0UNF:6:BBag8k0EUwFLBwV1YFTPVw==Total invalid/void votes for subnational executive election619.021865.01972205.0729413177.2.457933E770.02273.0673722.6122778689UNF:6:jXTRiZEiLdqcUffAJkW3qg==Invalid votes as percentage of total votes13.8263920713359772272.0.10.5408664069070232.61644297850000030.0620.071.31834823UNF:6:ilEZJZdYzpU4ftD+FD5HuA==Total votes for winning gubernatorial candidate12414.01088906.5690440075392273.0659.02233.02112895.13140616572.3362638E7.UNF:6:uxCDXGnLqoFh3xX6GfLVHg==Vote share of winning gubernatorial candidate30.6961873219.54255025487347.53.35744318948713551.0117560920884659.0470.038956062670252233.0UNF:6:Yb2mVk+gyc367i7iC8zv7w==Total votes for second-place gubernatorial candidate1.924651E71567556.7019609557259420.0.717410.84522003112233.01434.0659.0UNF:6:pjZatr7eZou2XO3Qa6kh9g==Vote share of second-place gubernatorial candidate659.01.34898684878929842233.034.2498339823351.33.415145291492318.803325795290903443.29444822888286UNF:6:xx75wdIB8ZMtiDgHFza5wQ==Total votes for last-place gubernatorial candidate20676.7578820.964672257132472.0.918347.02240.00.0652.0UNF:6:3zm9fKq0UG0WEk63RjX4Qg==Vote share of last-place gubernatorial candidate.653.00.01.6038419076778232239.00.350102747545475351.038828337874664.706552730639761UNF:6:TSdPvodozk3w+FRRfaKjgQ==Victory margin in gubernatorial election0.0812944511103030914.48825537194438659.019.99704058685447418.30830466123684.2233.093.88870332UNF:6:9hIDwrLrZSB3u3ksIkEtsA==Number of parties competing in gubernatorial election7.2957317073170722.805835807436138656.02236.028.02.07.0.UNF:6:IfSkXKRpbFoMUAz0cCFt1g==Early subnational executive election0Otherwise2160Snap election occurred216UNF:6:D8ZYmXfFm+P59BHrblUV2A==Effective Number of Parties competing in gubernatorial elections7.1132234.02.5156331951419917658.0.0.22870923810244382.40372389370058670.7015328004903519UNF:6:bzGh8HFvd7rIFI62zfZf0g==Indicates whether a governor was re-elected to a consecutive mandate0Otherwise28920Governor was reelected2892UNF:6:5XdmE2sIcdHBJ05nX9Ti6w==Cumulative count of subnational executive elections in the state.18.018.5055325034578310.9815245536285352892.00.01.042.0UNF:6:RyoFjv4ZKrLwF9c17EPdrg==country_nameUNF:6:aJxcLcR1Icwq3el6TMFavA==country_code484.032.02892.0.226.89211618256982213.5388067275764376.00.0UNF:6:TQ4hCgkObIcCGV4aOetYsg==state_nameUNF:6:sGVqKtCoKMBS6Nv5riUcyA==state_code30.469917012448380.01.0.2892.094.022.7312695027474925.0UNF:6:ztX0vDihrFnTRH9wrKhV9A==country_state_code3202.07631.548432.00.02892.022719.6815352694121341.707376024693.UNF:6:BbBAFQsuH6hBhJan8IJYfQ==region_nameUNF:6:GcFd/SXZrEsGQ3FHD8+X2w==year2007.01983.02006.49446749654230.02892.010.981524553628535.2024.0UNF:6:eox6UR9KCAQQmOfYgtc0FA==winner_candidate_sub_exeUNF:6:JOJXa9ULoHaU9uko5MjzFQ==date_election_sub_exeUNF:6:jcBFmQOJssUtBRrx80GnzA==voters_registered_sub_exe.2258.01311948.5634.06241191.21106387742908.03241422.89905362676.9281828E7UNF:6:XlMW8ANw8RnGq3Itk6zDIQ==total_voters_sub_exe5046497.1340211055.4489663E728734.0844522.5624.0.2268.02460996.43269231UNF:6:T5vWogYymtNu7qN747I++Q==perc_voter_sub_exe12.049687327162058610.096.86528267.72.4788963594751976.8197528952282.03.89749657UNF:6:nBZhEIWNRYRHxQ3K+bA+LQ==valid_votes_sub_exe2237.027335.04298349.904874746.759920.02123615.312977101655.04.7742563E7UNF:6:1/1sBbelTAAiisMkvNjIcw==perc_valid_votes_sub_exe99.9532366994.6891401352272.013.487395104427767.0.087.19636385026287620.0UNF:6:3dfH1kKrmcsaLWwZDWtw8w==invalid_votes_sub_exe.1972205.0729413177673722.612277868921865.070.02.457933E7619.02273.0UNF:6:jXTRiZEiLdqcUffAJkW3qg==perc_invalid_votes_sub_exe.71.318348230.0620.010.54086640690702313.8263920713359772272.02.6164429785UNF:6:ilEZJZdYzpU4ftD+FD5HuA==votes_candidate_winner_sub_exe2233.02.3362638E72112895.1314061657659.01088906.569044007512414.0.392273.0UNF:6:uxCDXGnLqoFh3xX6GfLVHg==perc_votes_winner_candidate_sub_exe51.0117560920884.30.69618732659.019.5425502548734582233.053.357443189487135470.03895606267UNF:6:Yb2mVk+gyc367i7iC8zv7w==second_place_votes_sub_exe717410.84522003112233.0259420.01.924651E7.659.01567556.70196095571434.0UNF:6:pjZatr7eZou2XO3Qa6kh9g==perc_second_place_sub_exe18.80332579529091.2233.0659.034.2498339823351443.29444822888333.41514529149231.3489868487893UNF:6:xx75wdIB8ZMtiDgHFza5wQ==last_place_votes_sub_exe2472.0918347.0.20676.752240.00.078820.96467225713652.0UNF:6:3zm9fKq0UG0WEk63RjX4Qg==perc_last_place_sub_exe4.7065527306397631.603841907677823653.02239.00.35010274754547551.0388283378747.0.0UNF:6:TSdPvodozk3w+FRRfaKjgQ==margin_victory_sub_exe18.308304661236840.0812944511103031.14.4882553719444659.019.9970405868544742233.093.88870332UNF:6:9hIDwrLrZSB3u3ksIkEtsA==num_parties_election_contest_sub_exe.656.02.07.2957317073170722236.028.07.02.805835807436138UNF:6:IfSkXKRpbFoMUAz0cCFt1g==snap_election_sub_exe1.02231.0661.00.0.0.46939037883230971.00.6732223903176989UNF:6:D//hDv5dEVQkq8UPDKSaGw==enp_sub_exe2.5156331951419917658.00.2287092381024442.403723893700585.2234.07.1130.7015328004903519UNF:6:bzGh8HFvd7rIFI62zfZf0g==reelec_sub_exe0.02892.00.00.00.0.0.00.0UNF:6:p5o52Pin4HeshDMSKjqFUA==cumulative_electoral_year_sub_exe10.9815245536285350.0.18.505532503457832892.042.018.01.0UNF:6:RyoFjv4ZKrLwF9c17EPdrg==SEED (v. 1).RDataapplication/x-rlang-transportSEED (v. 1).xlsxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetSPP Codebook (v. 1).pdfapplication/pdf