Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior (MAROB) Middle East, 1980-2004doi:10.7910/DVN/STGELWHarvard Dataverse2011-06-141Jonathan Wilkenfeld; Victor Asal; Amy Pate, 2011, "Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior (MAROB) Middle East, 1980-2004", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/STGELW, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:5:qvN7+gsRsnFRvZpkEupM1A== [fileUNF]Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior (MAROB) Middle East, 1980-2004doi:10.7910/DVN/STGELWJonathan WilkenfeldVictor AsalAmy PateCenter for International Developenment and Conflict Management (CIDCM), University of Maryland, Department of Government and Politics2008N0001405106292008ST061ST004FA95500610405SES0718957Harvard DataverseCenter for International Developenment and Conflict Management (CIDCM), University of Maryland, Department of Government and Politics2011-05-192008ethnopolitical conflictdemocracyelectionsextremistminoritiesconflictThe Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior (MAROB) dataset is a subsidiary of the Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project. The purpose of this project is to answer fundamental questions focusing on the identification of those factors that motivate some members of ethnic minorities to become radicalized, to form activist organizations, and to move from conventional means of politics and protest into violence and terrorism. Focusing initially on the Middle East and North Africa, the MAROB project provides information on the characteristics of those ethnopolitical organizations most likely to employ violence and terrorism in the pursuit of their perceived grievances with local, national, or international authority structures. The project has identif ied 118 organizations representing the interests of all 22 ethnopolitical groups in 16 countries of the Middle East and North Africa, operating between 1980 and 2004.1980-012004-122005-052007-06Algeria, Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, TurkeyMiddle EastcountryEthnic organization within a country during a given year.All known activist organizations in the Middle East which fit the description of risk for violence that are associated with an ethnic group identified as a minority within a given country.Census/enumeration dataSubject: Study Level Error Note, Notes: There is a 3 year life span requirement which will prevent all new/emerging groups from being included.;The project developed a set of criteria for the inclusion of organizations into the MAROB dataset. These are as follows: 1) the organization makes explicit claims to represent the interests of one or more ethnic groups and/or the organization’s members are primarily members of a specific ethnic minority, 2) the organization is political in its goals and activities, 3) the organization is active at a regional and/or national level, 4) the organization was not created by a government, 5) the organization is active for at least three consecutive years between 1980 and 2006, 6) umbrella organizations (coalitions/alliances) are NOT coded. Instead, member organizations are coded. Organizations were selected on the basis of their basic longevity. This was operationalized in the following manner: The first year that an organization is mentioned in a source as being active, it is put on a “watchlist” for potential inclusion. Once the organization is mentioned in sources for three consecutive years, it is included in the dataset, coded from the first year of the three consecutive years. If an organization included in the dataset disappears from source material for five consecutive years, it is no longer coded for following years. If after that time, it is again mentioned for three consecutive years, it is again included but as a separate organization.record abstracts<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>Asal, V., Carter, J., & Wilkenfeld, J. (2008). Ethnopolitical violence and terrorism in the middle east. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and Conflict 2008 (pp. 55-66). Boulder, CO: Paradigm.Asal, V., Carter, J., & Wilkenfeld, J. (2008). Ethnopolitical violence and terrorism in the middle east. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and Conflict 2008 (pp. 55-66). Boulder, CO: Paradigm.MAROB_ME_Data.tab1789176text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:5:qvN7+gsRsnFRvZpkEupM1A==Organizational case identifierUNF:5:cPb7WgTAKjZpdAzjXZhEfA==Name of organizationUNF:5:Os2A51qXzsb4wMzHmi/xUw==Abbreviation commonly used for the organizations nameUNF:5:9Pwrp2o03NCRNnly4rwTUw==Ethnic group case identifier, country code+group idUNF:5:mCMmCHLy/7CZhiJ08PZyPw==Full name of MAR ethnic group the organization representsUNF:5:4UkN+G5g6U3iyHGooWLe4g==Country ID numberUNF:5:IAEN+3IFE8qNI4BE1pGPZg==Country in which the organization residesUNF:5:etU4AR0ZUVyV3HItVO/omA==Minorities project region idUNF:5:QEfOzRf4r3efSCGZ7kTuJg==Year organization was foundedUNF:5:5JiQvaujNvR0//TNvr+zYg==Year of the observationUNF:5:e8q1Kqyh1Zg1K+5y9lV81Q==Did the organization split this year?-99unclear61Split520No split1731UNF:5:lk+xfChM7qtlzzRV33AeAw==Location of organization3based outside the country in which the group lives821based within the country in which the group lives8092org has both internal and external bases886UNF:5:DNEvZ8PohLsGYicwAKEFXQ==Is organization open?1Yes12990No (clandestine)455UNF:5:wXELMBfQ7w9/yuTGvbb5Sw==Is organization legal?0No (illegal)7411Yes1034UNF:5:QW0UDjp3M+sxYx5vn4+elA==Is organization militant?1Yes11250No (nonviolent)653UNF:5:i7cOHeVeCiifZG/ODbUUcA==Type of leadership for organization1Factionalized/competing leaders612Weak or decentralized leadership1953Strong ruling council8534Strong single leader483UNF:5:YB+OGkjNpGDdqIqFvy2eaw==Popularity of organization3Dominant organization2111Fringe- no evidence of support from group1632One of several organizations with support from group1376UNF:5:Sh+jbd7XjcNkHE1kMXHZQA==Dominant political grievance of the organization3major organizational goals focused on creating or strengthening autonomous status for group2971major organizational goals focused on eliminating discrimination3414major organizational goals focused on creating a separate state for the group or revanchist change in border of state3332major organizational goals focused on creating or increasing remedial policies58-88Other746UNF:5:oiQO73Ax3ZIhTQh7JdsN9Q==Text description of ORGPOLGR other categoryUNF:5:rZhVGawKY2I4jCIGnTCsbA==Dominant economic grievance of the organization1economic grievances focused on eliminating of discrimination1222economic grievances focused on creating or strengthening economic remedial policies1670no expressed economic grievances1477UNF:5:P6ACKZF84RSMjdQEvOURyg==Dominant cultural grievance of the organization0no expressed cultural grievances12212cultural grievances focused on creating or strengthening cultural remedial policies4371cultural grievances focused on eliminating of discrimination131UNF:5:gBB6xOs9NHwZSc4g8UjlNQ==Does the organization advocate policies that incorporate religion into public life?1Yes4180No1371UNF:5:iTBht4YmIq7IEVYUN2AB3A==Does the organization advocate policies to redistribute wealth (e.g., extensive welfare policies, state control of major industries)?1Yes5550No1209UNF:5:Tof3G1Xxmft5WoiS+bWvtw==Does the organization advocate free market policies OR policies that favor traditional economic elites (e.g., landowners)?1Yes1330No1656UNF:5:3nV6n6a409TWIW3aiHFh0w==Nationalist�claims to autonomy or independence0No11221Yes642UNF:5:LWRx2RmddmENO5gIR1IJnA==Ethnicity � ethnic community but no claims to autonomy or independence1Yes10540No710UNF:5:ydlHn4kc708Wj1jc1VvQDw==Does organization advocate the exclusion of women from public life?0No17351Yes54UNF:5:IFR+VO6MtgDmTY3uQb5Evg==Does organization advocate the inclusion of women in public life?0No14111Yes378UNF:5:AQrgxExFrmmrN0hgheZnmw==Does organization advocate authoritarian forms of government?1Yes1220No1636UNF:5:Wl2Nu1B8Fu54BGXgfO3UCA==Does organization advocate democratic forms of government?0No7911Yes917UNF:5:CxsWWhAJow2/Gm0pYkt0HQ==Does organization advocate inherent superiority of racial/ethnic group and advocate for exclusive political power by that group?0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Does the organization advocate environmentally sustainable policies?0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Other ideologies0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Text description of other ideologiesUNF:5:4agoUmUaOPFE4uvdUfhAFQ==How does the state treat the organization?1Organization is legal8884Organization is illegal and is subjected to periodic repression2712Organization legal but subjected to periodic repression by the state1495Organization is illegal and is targeted for ongoing repression by the state693Organization is illegal but tolerated374UNF:5:ojq+anojMOliATgDFjaruA==Does the state use violence against the organization?1State is not using lethal violence against the organization15162State is using periodic lethal violence against the organization1733State is using consistent lethal violence against the organization62UNF:5:BpyteprylrD9QYWFmJl5Dw==To what degree has the organization succeeded in obtaining government agreement in the year being coded (code is based on agreement not implementation)?3State has conceded to the organization its primary goal in current year31State has negotiated with the organization in this year1092State has made some concessions to the organization but not to its primary goal in this year360No negotiation with government sought15994State has conceded to the organization its primary goal in a previous year2-1State refuses to negotiate with the organization37UNF:5:YEEyRtXcM9X3Jy7uon7GTQ==To what degree has the government implemented agreements with the organization in the year being coded?1State has not come to agreement with organization17032State has reached agreement but has not begun implementation134State has implemented agreement intermittently in previous years and is continuing in this pattern185State has implemented agreement in previous years and is continuing to do so223State has started to implement agreement this year31UNF:5:3oFINGMjnwzKK3F93hcXzw==To what degree has the organization implemented agreements with the state in the year being coded?4Organization has implemented agreement intermittently in previous years and is continuing in this pattern192Organization has reached agreement but has not begun implementation123Organization has started to implement agreement this year295Organization has implemented agreement in previous years and is continuing to do so241Organization has not come to agreement with state1703UNF:5:LkBeN6FKJGtSDjPCt6ifmA==Has org. received support from Diaspora in year being coded?0No16481Yes107UNF:5:ht8/KcCly0L7nEedveTudQ==Did Diaspora provide non-military financial support?0No16771Yes59UNF:5:GiiVXzdGfDARbu1Xu2iRXg==Did Diaspora provide humanitarian support?1Yes10No1764UNF:5:czZB+CUeJep5iWer+a4FSQ==Did Diaspora provide political support?1Yes140No1756UNF:5:xL+ZFWj5u22DoBLyPCX6Vg==Did Diaspora provide non-violent military support?1Yes390No1736UNF:5:QyF1O1s/1lWZhW7uKbtHGw==Did Diaspora provide violent military support?0No17861Yes3UNF:5:U9KnKb50eGDRei0nuehwQA==Has org. received support from foreign state in year being coded?1Yes5860No986UNF:5:V3DkYbNlX1fx7F3f87HINw==Did foreign state provide non-military financial support?1Yes4710No1096UNF:5:490tCvaxvUXcSYxdJ8DHOQ==Did foreign state provide humanitarian support?1Yes130No1774UNF:5:nh9kyzcfyY2kXQYJfqWxnw==Did foreign state provide political support?1Yes1020No1623UNF:5:5o3wwakKA6VJG7PSJO3aJw==Did foreign state provide non-violent military support?1Yes3020No1325UNF:5:NcY73UIS0mgyQhkJ8Rdg9Q==Did foreign state provide violent military support?1Yes580No1705UNF:5:74jVyLeCrOLxul4SHF+K+g==Has org. received support from international governmental organization in year being coded?1Yes2140No1574UNF:5:LEuidd1XW+Jaf5d366/vgw==Did international government organization provide non-military financial support?0No17531Yes36UNF:5:BmNsi/Zyvsb3eoSPCcR9yg==Did international government organization provide humanitarian support?0No17521Yes37UNF:5:d/ClsBTqH1O9ZOMSbkLR4w==Did international government organization provide political support?1Yes2180No1570UNF:5:P3aw4obUrNG7RGT8dUVv9Q==Did international government organization provide non-violent military support?0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Did international government organization provide violent military support?0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Has org. received support from international non-governmental organization in year being coded?0No16501Yes122UNF:5:tLZ4FW0OYu30ZRHdCkCG5A==Did international non-governmental organization provide non-military financial support?0No17741Yes15UNF:5:+pvhkRp8ah0bVWuCFrmg4w==Did international non-governmental organization provide humanitarian support?0No17271Yes52UNF:5:jnLzgJFjhsDmsvNXwjmmHg==Did international non-governmental organization provide political support?1Yes400No1749UNF:5:yXip7LqU+DAivEja5dJ0Pg==Did international non-governmental organization provide non-violent military support?1Yes190No1753UNF:5:JHXKotcMuqtpU1cquSL5Mw==Did international non-governmental organization provide violent military support?0No17811Yes7UNF:5:dwj1d1qmRrw3Y4XtLxr+/Q==Org Activities: education & propaganda0Not used as a strategy4521Minor/Infrequent strategy4132Major/Frequent strategy871UNF:5:rIohBTiNnIFVqDpc5WOtWg==Org Activities: representing interests to officials1Minor/Infrequent strategy1612Major/Frequent strategy3390Not used as a strategy1282UNF:5:9k39gE3lr5irC3kMUOL5iQ==Org Activities: Electoral politics1Minor/Infrequent strategy4012Major/Frequent strategy2100Not used as a strategy1178UNF:5:oVoToIc9kCHh03L1pJuO0Q==Org Activities: Soliciting external support1Minor/Infrequent strategy5790Not used as a strategy7162Major/Frequent strategy458UNF:5:4P0s3MR/b5pOPhgekYK+eQ==Org Activities: Non-coercive collection of local support2Major/Frequent strategy561Minor/Infrequent strategy1920Not used as a strategy1506UNF:5:DAzbkA0Y9LtZzXd/+tRu6w==Org Activities: Forcefully securing local support2Major/Frequent strategy211Minor/Infrequent strategy300Not used as a strategy1720UNF:5:+iNyrWa1LimQSa3+P1fcqA==Org 1 Activities: attacks on civilians (terrorist activities)1Minor/Infrequent strategy1892Major/Frequent strategy480Not used as a strategy1543UNF:5:5ZB6FACTsbrG75WYVs7CYw==Org 1 Activities: Insurgency2Major/Frequent strategy1041Minor/Infrequent strategy780Not used as a strategy1591UNF:5:tDwT8FqCna5+augrxbGv1w==Cross-border insurgency2Major/Frequent00Not used as a strategy17131Minor/Infrequent66UNF:5:jXxGVmkXvjnVtXP76zlijw==Cross-border insurgency alliance0Never17791Minor/Infrequent32Major/Frequent0UNF:5:6Kd5CZxNRHaC1iBmt+yr3A==Org Activities: administering rebel areas0Not used as a strategy14932Major/Frequent strategy1051Minor/Infrequent strategy168UNF:5:8ajeFkwoA7NBZCQlTdwn0Q==Org Activities: ethnic cleansing or genocide2Major/Frequent strategy51Minor/Infrequent strategy40Not used as a strategy1780UNF:5:3+QPANKH9V/x2MHct16uUQ==Org Activities: coalition building0Not used as a strategy8601Minor/Infrequent strategy3642Major/Frequent strategy524UNF:5:9XikMKXUb8/FpYrPW3kLrg==Org Activities: provision of social services0Not used as a strategy13742Major/Frequent strategy1781Minor/Infrequent strategy155UNF:5:t8MQ3974B6BFcp/TBQZqag==Where is the organization active nonviolently?3organizational nonviolent activity primarily internationally2682organizational nonviolent activity domestically and internationally5800the organization is only using violence as a strategy1521organizational nonviolent activity primarily domestically776UNF:5:zY45xfMOw3GDguOLR+lc5g==Highest level of DOMESTIC protest in the year being coded5Large Demonstrations243Small Demonstrations952Symbolic Resistance480None reported14491Verbal Opposition1234Medium Demonstrations49UNF:5:dj2Mbaz2vrzHFQsEowp9OA==Highest level of protest of TRANSNATIONAL target occurring WITHIN the country of minority group the organization represents0None reported15452Symbolic Resistance214Medium Demonstrations275Large Demonstrations173Small Demonstrations391Verbal Opposition139UNF:5:gwWi/hWvaNqnTeaI7EOOMg==Highest level of protest of occurring OUTSIDE country of minority group the organization represents2Symbolic Resistance95Large Demonstrations63Small Demonstrations391Verbal Opposition1334Medium Demonstrations90None reported1593UNF:5:PsVPNIGmK+zGTmgzOnynqQ==Highest level of violence targeting DOMESTIC entities justified in public statements by organizational leaders0leaders do not justify violence16442leaders justify violence targeting security personnel533leaders justify violence targeting security personnel and/or government non-security personnel221leaders justify violence targeting infrastructure, not persons24leaders justify violence targeting civilians in addition to security personnel or government non-security personnel54UNF:5:XJw2BEUlSfj/hKQT7bICGw==Highest level of violence targeting TRANSNATIONAL entities justified in public statements by organizational leaders4leaders justify violence targeting civilians in addition to security personnel or government non-security personnel302leaders justify violence targeting security personnel400leaders do not justify violence16913leaders justify violence targeting security personnel and/or government non-security personnel131leaders justify violence targeting infrastructure, not persons11UNF:5:ADDPlzBQQLQtct1SFO8U6A==The number of people killed by the organization per year according to Maryland and Rand dataUNF:5:ito41Y+O6ZcO7S4G8NIhHA==The number of violent incidents by the organization per year according to Maryland and Rand dataUNF:5:ito41Y+O6ZcO7S4G8NIhHA==Does organization have a military wing?0organization does not have organized military wing7801organization starting to create military wing in this year292organization has standing military wing in this year952UNF:5:p/P/SNGLAry4QNUWea9JpA==Where is the organization using violence as a strategy?2organizational violence used domestically and internationally693organizational violence used primarily internationally301organizational violence used primarily domestically4910the organization is not using violence as a strategy1166UNF:5:7h1nXPzUlnuHHfX5w5aw6w==Is organization engaged in violence toward state authorities?4Small-scale guerrilla activity603Local rebellion51Political banditry815Intermediate guerrilla activity460None reported14757Civil war52Small scale campaigns of violence346Large-scale guerrilla activity61UNF:5:5rF3YUpWfMgAxVi78v2bVw==Was there open intra-organizational conflict within the minority group organization?0No17631Yes26UNF:5:ArDCPYvfps7Z9mFMMSQxcw==Severity of conflict with highest level of intra-organizational conflict3rioting involving substantial numbers of people02series of assassinations or bombings61sporadic violent clashes involving individuals or small groups84sporadic armed fighting126other05protracted intra organizational warfare0UNF:5:7QMKl7pWBZPg9yhpq+/3dQ==Name of faction with highest level of intra-organizational conflictUNF:5:WU6V1ecfHcPbcozPa1IomQ==Severity of conflict with second-highest level of intra-organizational conflict5protracted intra organizational warfare01sporadic violent clashes involving individuals or small groups04sporadic armed fighting13rioting involving substantial numbers of people06other02series of assassinations or bombings0UNF:5:mQ1SvTMi3YtxhRyJYxwWTA==Name of faction with second-highest level of intra-organizational conflictUNF:5:3Nldsj8ielZuuJe54lHnmg==Severity of conflict with third-highest level of intra-organizational conflict2series of assassinations or bombings01sporadic violent clashes involving individuals or small groups04sporadic armed fighting03rioting involving substantial numbers of people06other05protracted intra organizational warfare0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Name of faction with third-highest level of intra-organizational conflictUNF:5:ito41Y+O6ZcO7S4G8NIhHA==Was there inter- organizational conflict?1Yes3910No1394UNF:5:VQMyWWIl/1TYcmd7uCz/2w==Severity of conflict with highest level of inter-organizational conflict4anti-group demonstrations, rallies, marches00no manifestations of conflict evident13873sporadic violent attacks by individuals, gangs or other small groups, some of them causing fatalities1271individual acts of harassment against property and persons, no fatalities606communal warfare372political agitation, campaigns urging authorities to impose restrictions on the organization, etc05communal rioting, armed attacks174UNF:5:fjD+o79JapdPYxaLXDTqIw==Name of organization with highest level of inter-organizational conflictUNF:5:+AazmXfUEPMgbr8madNjYQ==Severity of conflict with second-highest level of inter-organizational conflict3sporadic violent attacks by individuals, gangs or other small groups, some of them causing fatalities626communal warfare02political agitation, campaigns urging authorities to impose restrictions on the organization, etc10no manifestations of conflict evident16401individual acts of harassment against property and persons, no fatalities214anti-group demonstrations, rallies, marches05communal rioting, armed attacks63UNF:5:Am/InzO3NKU2+fh9QfQzhw==Name of organization with second-highest level of inter-organizational conflictUNF:5:g2qF1Hz/jePVRWPBODWX9Q==Severity of conflict with third-highest level of inter-organizational conflict1individual acts of harassment against property and persons, no fatalities63sporadic violent attacks by individuals, gangs or other small groups, some of them causing fatalities435communal rioting, armed attacks164anti-group demonstrations, rallies, marches06communal warfare00no manifestations of conflict evident17232political agitation, campaigns urging authorities to impose restrictions on the organization, etc0UNF:5:wKjw/2b015Icd/rzaBIXMw==Name of organization with third-highest level of inter-organizational conflictUNF:5:aNTnqPOnrEl8o+B0rSJRWg==To what degree is the organization using violence DOMESTICALLY as a strategy?3use violence regularly targeting security personnel and/or government non-security personnel371use violence occasionally not targeting persons52use violence regularly targeting security personnel2994occasionally targeting civilians but mostly target security personnel or government non-security personnel1235targeting civilians regularly330not use violence1262UNF:5:suXlxP8l0vpVteGFSUUtoA==Domestic; Civilian infrastructure1Yes270No1755UNF:5:ps3gps1ucPVGpq2L8BjBUQ==Domestic: Civilian lives0No17191Yes64UNF:5:UbnhEDKFfcnvSSFXoAIZGw==Domestic: Targets chosen are based on ethnicity/ascriptive feature(s) of individuals1Yes1170No1667UNF:5:CPv8C9Vn/4Cu8ROK1hStwg==Domestic: Civilian commercial lives0No17721Yes17UNF:5:Wv+OVP59YIhM8ZKzX+hMxw==Domestic: Civilian religious lives1Yes40No1785UNF:5:UKy2trbk7DUqyjsgXue0Rw==Domestic: Government/state infrastructure, security and non-security1Yes490No1737UNF:5:qBRRpwICAuvax64+fQd3Qw==Domestic: Government/state lives, non-security0No17161Yes71UNF:5:aYa7eUyJuMGDPCQRhrC6mw==Domestic: Government/state lives, security0No13251Yes442UNF:5:SLUlagcaIr0Ng4WqidPe+w==To what degree is the organization using violence to target TRANSNATIONAL entities as a strategy?3use transnational violence regularly targeting security personnel and/or government non-security personnel251use transnational violence occasionally not targeting persons44occasionally targeting civilians but mostly target security personnel or government non-security personnel140not use transnational violence16032use transnational violence regularly targeting security personnel1205targeting civilians regularly16UNF:5:Dykrxdh/zyiRFCMGpJYmXA==Transnational within: Civilian infrastructure1Yes70No1782UNF:5:kBSITBdr1pNv2I2O0UTHww==Transnational within: Civilian lives0No17741Yes15UNF:5:PpovgV6hSJ+1PU/F8VLtBA==Transnational within: Targets chosen are based on ethnicity/ascriptive feature(s) of individuals0No17831Yes5UNF:5:VSVwzob1EcyJbPEHI9Dp3A==Transnational within: Civilian commercial lives0No17791Yes9UNF:5:eF6DI25Y676+i5f8j+x+xA==Transnational within: Civilian religious lives1Yes20No1786UNF:5:PGXCv630vbrt40wN127RBQ==Transnational within: Government/state infrastructure, security and non-security1Yes80No1780UNF:5:nmqVHpUYKuiHFEIgX85s+w==Transnational within: Government/state lives, non-security0No17631Yes25UNF:5:7l2084RZkJl1LqZV7qFObA==Transnational within: Government/state lives, security1Yes1340No1652UNF:5:aU5agEnYLsr4ahUQCryOdw==To what degree is the organization using violence TRANSNATIONALLY, outside the boundaries of the state in which the group lives?2use transnational violence regularly targeting security personnel480not use transnational violence16585targeting civilians regularly404occasionally targeting civilians but mostly target security personnel or government non-security personnel143use transnational violence regularly targeting security personnel and/or government non-security personnel181use transnational violence occasionally not targeting persons0UNF:5:G9jYHLtnyaXxNsGgKzTlxQ==Transnational outside: Civilian infrastructure0No17881Yes1UNF:5:gPOE4MG37ROR/wfnlt7Wbw==Transnational outside: Civilian lives1Yes250No1763UNF:5:QY530doISsMT2ooc3ZotlA==Transnational outside: Targets chosen are based on ethnicity/ascriptive feature(s) of individuals1Yes300No1756UNF:5:wlrcPthlh+71+MxPCVRjsQ==Transnational outside: Civilian commercial lives0No17841Yes5UNF:5:2DQaczTPSHGa3UbobGXgqw==Transnational outside: Civilian religious lives1Yes00No1789UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Transnational outside: Government/state infrastructure, security and non-security0No17751Yes6UNF:5:A0cTYfF82n9QOh8DsX8c1g==Transnational outside: Government/state lives, non-security0No17551Yes28UNF:5:GLB8P3Lw+Xg+NMLjatgvzw==Transnational outside: Government/state lives, security0No17181Yes63UNF:5:2dimp93n4ai1YbvKNx4jCw==Armed Attack1Yes4990No1258UNF:5:YtThChG7Bu4I3PIirx8zuA==Arson1Yes220No1766UNF:5:jMFojIk5qECD/BUYKzVZGg==Assassination0No16981Yes79UNF:5:X5+IxqXOI56Phr3TZ5wpTA==Hostage-taking0No17751Yes12UNF:5:VXDcS88KxmY7eQ1CNOIBZQ==Bombing0No16371Yes142UNF:5:CbObfjBgZ4oE2sKEVh2t/Q==Hijacking0No17741Yes15UNF:5:qVPyfR3GGA1vT4E8PdgNUg==Kidnapping1Yes830No1699UNF:5:gGUK6096LGGICNV+d8i8rw==Suicide Attack1Yes590No1729UNF:5:cVWKPtvbOQSLNiqEwT9jUg==Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear Weapons Attack0No17861Yes2UNF:5:Iy4+DX9A+KkUMCC8Ho5kVg==Other form of violence1Yes170No1772UNF:5:hLeBs34E0ezmjeNRYNRnzw==Text description of other violent repertoireUNF:5:oEio5OAq2BPmW9TURoeMPA==Did the organization use or threaten to use chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons during the year being coded?7Use of agent36Threat with possession15Possession only41Hoax/Prank00no CBRN behavior17782Threat14Attempted acquisition03Plot only0UNF:5:BxmeuI4rUmKI2drHkiiN0Q==Does the organization participate in criminal activity (other than political violence)?0No16561Yes84UNF:5:uh3dGGEb9Qo86rkST/ZN9w==Money transfers or laundering1used202used and is a major source of income for the group00not used1762UNF:5:mv6bNcBQxOS6PE/xSImKvw==Arms trafficking0not used17381used172used and is a major source of income for the group0UNF:5:temn7NPfuEgotytRgJBYFw==Drug production or trafficking2used and is a major source of income for the group01used200not used1744UNF:5:7ZlLVf2PaLnhmP+PMlyBVw==All forms of human trafficking, including prostitution1used00not used17892used and is a major source of income for the group0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Human trafficking involving the sex trade only0not used17891used02used and is a major source of income for the group0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Smuggling of consumer goods0not used17531used362used and is a major source of income for the group0UNF:5:9XXSgXnqgdpwXWKsqA03CQ==Theft of private or commercial property and funds1used162used and is a major source of income for the group00not used1758UNF:5:xkAtlDj7g02W9TU/AShliQ==Expropriation and marketing of scarce resources (gemstones, tropical hardwoods, etc.)2used and is a major source of income for the group00not used17621used27UNF:5:YRHm/GCc5xc5xHP4r1Z1sw==Kidnappings for ransom0not used17881used12used and is a major source of income for the group0UNF:5:ZnzAPOIQpGhCpwTlO/B9AQ==Do state officials and security personnel illicitly participate in, or cooperate with, the organizations criminal activity?1Yes00No1789UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Local officials0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Police0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Military0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Border officials and guards0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Other1Yes00No1789UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Text specification of otherUNF:5:EaWiHaaHaR5lcqUe+xfJtQ==Has the organization established cooperative relations with domestic criminal networks?1Yes00No1764UNF:5:X4fwJBiIvJakIa2bGvKRCQ==Domestic: Ethnic or ethnonational identity1Yes00No1764UNF:5:X4fwJBiIvJakIa2bGvKRCQ==Domestic: Text specification of ethnic or ethnonational identityUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==Domestic: Religion1Yes00No1764UNF:5:X4fwJBiIvJakIa2bGvKRCQ==Domestic: Text specification of religionUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==Domestic: Political ideology0No17391Yes0UNF:5:5u6D//GjapvUu/Ppw/hB7g==Domestic: Text specification of political ideologyUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==Domestic: Other1Yes00No1789UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Domestic: Text specification of otherUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==Has the organization established cooperative relations with transnational criminal networks?0No17621Yes27UNF:5:tniHSr7J3yuAxZBPel7oJg==Transnational: Ethnic or ethnonational identity0No17631Yes26UNF:5:B9Br/KujFhpym/ItazBzFQ==Transnational: Text specification of ethnic or ethnonational identityUNF:5:KIWfSBj/ze50BMboA1DIkw==Transnational: Religion0No17661Yes23UNF:5:gQRYxM3KCULbSLg0AxXWHg==Transnational: Text specification of religionUNF:5:Fh7R4Dqo3CH4yXywjI07CA==Transnational: Political ideology1Yes00No1789UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Transnational: Text specification of political ideologyUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==Transnational: Other0No17891Yes0UNF:5:vlXq7rZJTA2d3i2sdmO24A==Transnational: Text specification of otherUNF:5:dHjy0t5V7yAnkzKwbVRHnw==MAROB_ME_Codebook.pdfapplication/pdf