Replication Data for: How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experimentdoi:10.7910/DVN/M5M7SRHarvard Dataverse2026-02-171Kao, Jay C., 2026, "Replication Data for: How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/M5M7SR, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:0PKDsS6jlrbZvkoiyHnW3A== [fileUNF]Replication Data for: How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experimentdoi:10.7910/DVN/M5M7SRKao, Jay C.Harvard DataverseHarvard DataverseKao, Jay C.Kao, Jay C.2025-12-11Social SciencesReplication data and scripts for "How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment."<strong>APSR Data Editors' Note:</strong> APSR Data Editors have reviewed included documentation for completeness and have successfully reproduced all figures and tables in the article using the code and data included in this deposit. Data editors do not review results presented in appendices or supplementary materials.<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>KAO, JAY C. 2026. “How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment.” American Political Science Review: 1–20.10.1017/S0003055426101476KAO, JAY C. 2026. “How the Pro-Beijing Media Influences Voters: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment.” American Political Science Review: 1–20.analysis.tab2077108text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:PYG9IAeo19j4LrfD6DG7eg==baseline_cleaned.tab207745text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:tRHYi1xbZp7OUwvVnTMGEw==ctnews.tab1063text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:eHvond+XTRy0xwYnSsIqow==endline_cleaned.tab94939text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:jsmKv086ABoOPD8SoTSYPQ==panelvisiting.tab70653text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:dpvApSIL1nCk2dxvbfenCg==polling.tab684text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:c4lq0XVZ7n4v9rXXTT1dvQ==tracking_cleaned.tab6612text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:aJpI8X+9s73rx5mNwzPXxA==Unique respondent ID2077.0100002.0104570.0.101656.170438131930.01017.8198714815444101570.0UNF:6:5HuVYcYP0CIPSQctMOBdFg==Survey wave indicator.2077.00.00.456909003370247870.00.01.00.49825966671289135UNF:6:VJu1aEw3iOO2tsmXdJ4HVA==Age.11.4602141068780022077.00.020.084.037.5840154068367436.0UNF:6:IvG+R7+ugD6tSWKIbkdK/w==Gender (female=1)1.00.5000948458369365.0.00.00.49494463168030780.02077.00Male10491Female1028UNF:6:ssy+B7Qluq9v6lTvOyTJOg==Current residenceUNF:6:upUgu+y58KuDN2aATDF/Og==Lives in special municipality (yes=1)0.3831285759292962077.00.01.01.00.8213769860375540.0.1Yes17060No371UNF:6:GZJU+n1kHI0dfF3S96MkPA==Highest education level1.031843817715305.6.02077.00.04.613866153105440.05.00No school64Professional college3302Middle school315University10441Primary school86Graduate program+3333High school325UNF:6:GORgbNkdErcnDlxt88R78A==Full-time employment (yes=1)0.73519499277804530.01.00.441335579193864242077.0.0.01.01Full-time15270Part-time/Other550UNF:6:Bb5PeNGTaZs00fYTrcrP1Q==Marital status0.49984435818948770.02077.00.48338950409244075.0.00.01.00No10731Yes1004UNF:6:3HF2W4tqw5qGeJjx/jhIbw==Monthly household income2077.06.03948001925854414.03.25673769048044060.0.6.01.0669,001–80,000245449,001–59,00018214>340,00043559,001–69,000169892,001–109,000163227,001–38,000213780,001–92,00017911190,001–240,0003812240,001–290,0002510140,001–190,000144338,001–49,0001551<27,0001869109,001–140,00031213290,001–340,00023UNF:6:addEg6HijYADBMA8/LeaLA==Ethnic background (minnan=1)0.00.00.64660568127106420.478138938928352132077.01.0.1.01Minnan Taiwanese13430Other734UNF:6:oQA4HJEcoRmjo/S673TRvA==Religion (taoism=1).2077.00.40281535155306380.00.00.203659123736158051.00.01Taoism4230Other1654UNF:6:tx2qI0JKUCHfD7wsOfiMGw==Partisan leaning2077.05.151179585941260.0.10.04.01.03.8191618088230117New Power Party14410None of the above5734People First Party592DPP4375Taiwan Solidarity Party56Green Party268Taiwan People's Party2451KMT5609Tree Party113New Party17UNF:6:8DylppalmxVfK8Ngbn4mpw==Political predisposition1.03.0.1.9884448724121280.77525639892498820.02.02077.02Nonpartisan8293Pan-Green6121Pan-Blue636UNF:6:xMCKiNrmagrLXY0BNoTbEw==spectrum==Pan-Blue0.01.00.306210881078476270.02077.00.46102940424350020.0.0No14411Yes636UNF:6:oQjVg2qsCAoT0d7xBZ56tw==spectrum==Nonpartisan0.01.00.00.489838182581292472077.00.399133365430910160.0.1Yes8290No1248UNF:6:ltjt8P7n+wGgwIaoMfCCHw==spectrum==Pan-Green.0.00.00.00.455997645846134340.29465575349060961.02077.00No14651Yes612UNF:6:RPCRN8iuaDQ5n+bf+ECSvg==Vote choice in 2016 election2.99855560905151732.06.01.0.2077.00.01.6066749714206492DPP7183PFP1266Don't remember2311KMT3754Did not vote4825Below age 20145UNF:6:QwjxhPLgxPzGr2vTNQ8QXw==Turnout in 2016 election1.02077.00.00.5869041887337505.0.49250832271635481.00.00No8581Yes1219UNF:6:VxNiP0PFcnIJVS08RNdEHw==Vote choice in 2012 election6.02.8762638420799242.00.01.8557310863493266.2077.01.02DPP3343PFP825Below age 202681KMT7866Don't remember2534Did not vote354UNF:6:r1VQSWNY9uUb19W8lscr6w==Turnout in 2012 election1.01.00.493883295636703250.02077.00.57871930669234460.0.1Yes12020No875UNF:6:FW68XdqW/4mjJ1eMwBLyqA==Prefers Apple Daily for news.1.00.00.00.45016851227732350.02077.00.49763043575329461Apple Daily9350Other1142UNF:6:5tZ8vQGgQPjFO2bI5nfWQQ==Preference ranking for SET New Taiwan Refueling.0.9951667256674692077.02.2373615792007720.04.01.02.04Most preferred2903Second preferred4632Third preferred7741Least preferred550UNF:6:JbWZ6qsQUMThlzyUXA0Jiw==Cross-strait political position6.01.27397455995750544.4467982667308621.02077.05.0.0.04Status quo → Independence5971Unify immediately543Status quo → Unify2206Status quo indefinitely4942Independence immediately1305Status quo → Decide later582UNF:6:ph+NDzy1PbmgaTiQbzdfFw==National identity1.59364467982667522077.0.0.89664223499613041.03.01.00.03Both5841Taiwanese14282Chinese65UNF:6:GiDkz6Bylr5i7+U+yR8JQQ==Turnout intention (baseline)2077.00.01.00.437940974491102860.0.0.74145402022147331.01Yes15400No537UNF:6:0m73XOinYNUs6Bdnf115gQ==Vote intention (baseline)2077.02.6754935002407311.16410728470762152.04.01.00.0.4Undecided / Null8021Han3772Tsai7223Soong176UNF:6:iwB/nwbDXMa27k2McM+OxA==pres_vote_w1==Han (baseline)1.00.00.18151179585941120.0.0.02077.00.385534469344191940No17001Yes377UNF:6:CyWAiSxqMkK51ryZecXOOw==pres_vote_w1==Tsai (baseline)0.00.34761675493500130.01.00.47632823266077612077.0.0.00No13551Yes722UNF:6:62SGr1zS/W0ZPw6sL8Bo2g==pres_vote_w1==Soong (baseline)0.01.00.084737602311025340.00.0.2077.00.27855789343824411Yes1760No1901UNF:6:LoX0lwpeyF51IAQU75LDnw==pres_vote_w1==undecided (baseline).2077.00.00.386133846894559761.00.00.486979134711934940.00Has vote intention12751Undecided802UNF:6:bY8WdgHsTBNBD3B/cp5rag==Favorability: Han (baseline)10.03.72219547424169450.01.02.7616199405196302.3.02077.0UNF:6:qoFm86gMuqFfAa2Eh2F5FQ==Favorability: Tsai (baseline)10.00.05.0414058738565122077.01.02.7192349080199515.0.UNF:6:TCnQ2A4KumadB7Ox1cgjsg==Favorability: Soong (baseline)4.7481945113143955.02077.01.010.02.153693083203013.0.0UNF:6:7NOyxDKBuDOrbxZ1J4+jXw==Han-Tsai favorability (baseline)-1.3192103996148490.0-9.0-1.02077.0.9.04.422821546926939UNF:6:4M3HurD3tmwWOLx3gWpyhQ==Favorability toward PRC (baseline)4.27395281656234352077.00.01.010.0.5.02.3093093879795403UNF:6:iXOOsNfyytN0Jj1u/AT9zw==Impact of PRC economic growth (baseline).0.81665988845352362.3784304285026484.00.02077.01.02.04Very positive1113Fairly positive9011Very negative3372Somewhat negative728UNF:6:KJ9N7VWRcBCug+0ZpYuTQQ==Perceived PRC military threat (baseline)1.01.56427539720751143.00.6759953891290144.0.01.02077.01Major threat11242Minor threat7343No threat219UNF:6:NcCavBv+JCpsZoWVvEk4Kw==Belief PRC will surpass US in 10 years (baseline)1.00.04.03.0.2.45113143957630972077.00.89858855313278372Probably won't5963Probably will9004Definitely will2061Definitely won't375UNF:6:/FfK0Fwr2e99ppbjZEIJ0A==Cross-strait trade preference (baseline)1.0359673714295194.2077.00.05.01.03.0727010110736663.04Slightly increase3921Greatly reduce1672Slightly reduce3313Maintain9755Greatly increase212UNF:6:sgqItKHtgXH9QC+9X7mSSA==Trust in Xi's global leadership (baseline)0.76410551505841132.00.02077.01.04.01.8218584496870522.4Strongly trust483Somewhat trust3102Somewhat distrust9431Strongly distrust776UNF:6:66k0sCt8uiAwj9ri/zxT4A==Support for HK protests (baseline)2077.02.63601348098219073.01.00.0.1.07718192593093395.02Somewhat support5021Strongly support3544Somewhat oppose1425Strongly oppose1563Neutral923UNF:6:2EZpgcGpuC+Sk2gnTVQZdA==Justification for HK radical tactics (baseline)3.0.1.11434625434951485.02.68271545498314930.02077.01.05Strongly oppose1623Neutral7811Strongly support3354Somewhat oppose2432Somewhat support556UNF:6:cDLlR5+A+fYstR+hZjYuug==Composite PRC index (baseline)2.6255.02077.0.2.6101348098218590.01.00.734073565222587UNF:6:qvgSWQelD0ZwYF7LfJrT8Q==Interest in election campaign (baseline).3.00.96595983771145630.02077.05.02.9624458353394321.05Very much1382Not very4633Moderately9591Not at all1364Quite381UNF:6:YyMTZ7nY3us+9bgZva/gaw==Concern about who wins election (baseline)3.19932595089070755.0.1.11252266248078650.01.03.02077.03Some7995Very much3152A little3754A good amount4451Not at all143UNF:6:IwvEfE/xbAv0ojwIFBSuhQ==Frequency: tv news (baseline)4.01.00.02077.03.03.0688493018777080.8343407830784917.4Often6862Rarely3171Never1133Sometimes961UNF:6:PNO062AV0hwjghLSRlj78w==Frequency: nwpaper news (baseline)1.02.51324025036109783.00.89928410114051560.0.4.02077.02Rarely6613Sometimes8364Often2701Never310UNF:6:T3imeFNHTRrZqG7s9Wo3kg==Frequency: social media news (baseline)0.03.113625421280693.2077.03.01.00.82213606380415194.01Never1173Sometimes9982Rarely2464Often716UNF:6:Mmf204YJODtpCUl5BIELIA==Frequency: news site (baseline)1.03.00.86007661892602772077.02.83100625902744340.04.0.3Sometimes9951Never1714Often4512Rarely460UNF:6:7fA8DbJ6LvbTF+8EtsS+Cw==Overall news consumption (baseline).0.01.02.88168030813673553.04.00.6398234175518172077.04Often1081Never492Rarely1313Sometimes468UNF:6:2ZkQXDBtDwoD6ctHBJsccQ==Daily election news consumption (baseline)2077.02.0.0.01.25358877959599882.71593644679826651.06.041–1.5 hours22751.5–2 hours886>2 hours1162<30 minutes875331–60 minutes5381None233UNF:6:gZUXuzFOssglubtzEg9rQw==Condition.4.02.36928261916225622077.00.03.01.00.9819567364823162Placebo3771Control5643Treatment9414Existing195UNF:6:jzZMR0EicFS/2WBLysPMlQ==conditions==Control0.00.0195.01882.0.0.2996811902231671.00.45824005645836781Yes5640No1318UNF:6:IdFO4nW092cPMjVfcahsug==conditions==Placebo1.00.200318809776833030.01882.00.0.0.4003452847278099195.01Yes3770No1505UNF:6:xopM1LI07LZBySI6N0d45Q==conditions==Treatment0.51.00.5.1882.0195.00.00.50013289036779511Yes9410No941UNF:6:N0VADIqvjUty4bv9g98VyQ==conditions==Existing.0.29173947183369990.00.02077.00.093885411651422631.00.00No18821Yes195UNF:6:FgZTEORDwWPRPPXmD8tdLg==Average daily browsing time (seconds)204.933375863913451796.0555419921875209.50787841385477661.0.0.01416.0153.0UNF:6:elxgOYBTJaP4SzxMalvBag==Full complier (≥180 seconds)0.01.01882.0195.0.0.00.110520722635494080.3136210373567731Yes2080No1674UNF:6:GGe4ilEmgsWYSQR2jxYK9w==Minimum complier (≥60 seconds)1882.00.0195.01.00.0.0.18756641870350720.390469294790512571Yes3530No1529UNF:6:eio6qLwEv7Mdu0k8quajOQ==Actual turnout (endline)1.01.01128.00.85879873551106440.00.34841266114430836.949.00No1341Yes815UNF:6:HHC1ZawaUdhu05c5FRRyWw==Actual presidential vote (endline)815.01262.0.0.71089220091280031.79386503067484652.04.01.03Soong614Undecided / Null261Han2812Tsai447UNF:6:OZIbOTFOrxI6IofeKUFAQA==pres_vote_w2==Han (endline)815.0.0.475590073708922530.01.00.34478527607361951262.00.01Yes2810No534UNF:6:6YtNet8lQDZS+oItbkM4/A==pres_vote_w2==Tsai (endline)0.497951063310633661.00.5484662576687109.1.00.0815.01262.01Yes4470No368UNF:6:Vi9OuR0VjEcBGr6XELdCEw==pres_vote_w2==Soong (endline)0.263305289473351251262.0.0.01.00.07484662576687162815.00.00No7541Yes61UNF:6:hd9ki1yLt52hxidK1l7Gtg==Favorability: Han (endline)10.01128.02.9289993560477434.0569020021074811.04.0.949.0UNF:6:v5XXfsgddAVZ5769kRcGSQ==Favorability: Tsai (endline)949.05.0.1.010.05.2444678609062141128.02.9369757286474627UNF:6:3oQn1xGx5DuJ7Fm3/N1gmw==Favorability: Soong (endline)949.0.10.01128.05.02.1159962584449364.7355110642781881.0UNF:6:bqN9678glAegffEAjtvIRw==Han-Tsai favorability (endline)-1.18756585879873635.0575395192265131128.0949.09.0-9.0.-1.0UNF:6:aPVpUYR7BnbfZW6fP6FD6A==Favorability toward PRC (endline)4.553213909378297.1128.02.46463653005703310.0949.05.01.0UNF:6:HBcRkAeu0GyHxBygoJBi6g==Impact of PRC economic growth (endline)949.03.00.76867535403183031128.0.1.02.4657534246575344.01Very negative1074Very positive552Somewhat negative3483Fairly positive439UNF:6:CNeFm7Hl0tStl0ocZjYgyA==Perceived PRC military threat (endline)1128.01.61959957850368761.0949.03.01.00.7083553840001635.2Minor threat3361Major threat4873No threat126UNF:6:70lwecosL1INTww8EG2GEg==Belief PRC will surpass US in 10 years (endline)3.01128.02.496311907270811.4.01.0949.00.87102750546091653Probably will4181Definitely won't1432Probably won't2904Definitely will98UNF:6:JrYltWowyKGkwnhK13GQKA==Cross-strait trade preference (endline)5.0.1.03.0949.03.2160168598524781128.01.11695626183601451Greatly reduce822Slightly reduce1183Maintain4094Slightly increase1935Greatly increase147UNF:6:oVictUPnPFCsc6PvL4dABw==Trust in Xi's global leadership (endline)949.01.85247629083245460.7626200401578523.1.02.01128.04.03Somewhat trust1684Strongly trust162Somewhat distrust4251Strongly distrust340UNF:6:0jrwiS6N5PGmiHnEFy++uw==Support for HK protests (endline)5.02.6912539515279231128.0949.03.01.01.16946803866436.3Neutral3962Somewhat support2141Strongly support1744Somewhat oppose615Strongly oppose104UNF:6:LKK3GwgLUbO1LELDQjH8NQ==Justification for HK radical tactics (endline).3.01.197812494443566949.05.01128.01.02.78503688092729054Somewhat oppose1093Neutral3402Somewhat support2351Strongly support1525Strongly oppose113UNF:6:tbjaGsO6aagXUs5d2MuIGw==Composite PRC index (endline).1128.01.00.78328708565830872.752.7099578503688093949.05.0UNF:6:Nkvns6vIrjEzeVFAjLE2Cw==Interest in election campaign (endline)5.01.03.2128556375131714949.01128.03.00.9662026901329702.2Not very1555Very much1123Moderately4531Not at all324Quite197UNF:6:PBw69oerjgpmq36BNlzvKg==Concern about who wins election (endline)3.4162276080084304.5.01.09303032433327661128.0949.03.01.05Very much1892A little1244A good amount2333Some3571Not at all46UNF:6:IN6j0E0U/I7NbEk6SV+FsQ==Frequency: tv news (endline)949.01.00.79173658827722914.01128.03.0.3.10642781875658574Often3173Sometimes4521Never362Rarely144UNF:6:fyl5Ob1mrEpld93sH/uM3w==Frequency: nwpaper news (endline)0.8829139122925911949.0.2.43308746048472064.01.02.01128.0UNF:6:gx7W5pGkmJVf7vb7y6gOiQ==Frequency: social media news (endline)3.1222339304531091.0.4.00.8020417405956135949.01128.03.0UNF:6:7hX/y2R7Sx0EwNS5nsH2FA==Frequency: news site (endline)1.03.02.897787144362487949.04.0.1128.00.7989215786433046UNF:6:TK2ixggaNF8vjNfaj6Z6ZA==Overall news consumption (endline)949.01128.00.57390777502111053.04.02.8898840885142256.1.02Rarely521Never94Often463Sometimes214UNF:6:oohV28eoWTgFGUn6MeAvPA==Daily election news consumption (endline)1128.0.6.02.74394099051633321.02.01.198089927053672949.06>2 hours462<30 minutes424331–60 minutes25751.5–2 hours4641–1.5 hours1011None75UNF:6:/NQU3LWf1CnBlGVQkc5OtA==Perceived website quality1.01.41362436961802757.05.0.4.534579439252337535.01542.01Very bad/weak237Very good/strong30UNF:6:zhY+tV6NH3AF+bEiv+xixA==Argument strength in website news article1542.07.04.0535.0.4.3364485981308421.30358139085275831.07Very good/strong171Very bad/weak19UNF:6:jP7hB4P1mrDdm4ZAR8mK3Q==Positive emotions after viewing website.7.01.03.51214953271027941542.01.4421887158776514535.04.01Not at all717Extremely strong2UNF:6:8ZIqwOe+hUKRFhDkoCIeUw==Negative emotions after viewing website7.01.6181393054551951.0.2.99158878504672861542.0535.03.07Extremely strong101Not at all132UNF:6:yaITjTx9gBRp1sPWSCl9tg==Psychological reactance to website content.1.00.92323277833645582.69766355140186941542.05.03.0535.04Somewhat agree232Somewhat disagree505Strongly agree31Strongly disagree563Neutral/Don't know176UNF:6:4U20yLP/dmVGW0n7cPgApg==Perception that CT is Red Media.1.0588516662793037949.02.43203371970495353.01.01128.05.01Strongly agree2254Disagree613Neutral3842Agree2365Strongly disagree43UNF:6:NyGsfDGHVudquk1pJQx/ug==List experiment group (treatment==1)949.00.01.00.0.1128.00.491043203371970660.50018337062485370Control4831Treatment466UNF:6:Ufp+3waMIte3rY0p+Yczwg==List experiment item count1128.0.5.02.97471022128556451.23733799830840870.03.0949.0UNF:6:qSF3DAFtk1LIb3JrLDexhA==Change in turnout0.10432033719704971.0.0-1.0949.00.44847642527438741.01128.0UNF:6:2oEl9R5x0imTnWyZrxkyQQ==Change in 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