The Standardized World Income Inequality Database, Versions 8-9doi:10.7910/DVN/LM4OWFHarvard Dataverse2019-03-0415Solt, Frederick, 2019, "The Standardized World Income Inequality Database, Versions 8-9", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LM4OWF, Harvard Dataverse, V15The Standardized World Income Inequality Database, Versions 8-9doi:10.7910/DVN/LM4OWFSolt, Frederick1533746Harvard DataverseSolt, FrederickSolt, FrederickSolt, Frederick2019-03-04Social Sciencesincome inequalityCross-national research on the causes and consequences of income inequality has been hindered by the limitations of the existing inequality datasets: greater coverage across countries and over time has been available from these sources only at the cost of significantly reduced comparability across observations. The goal of the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) is to meet the needs of those engaged in broadly cross-national research by maximizing the comparability of income inequality data while maintaining the widest possible coverage across countries and over time. The SWIID’s income inequality estimates are based on thousands of reported Gini indices from hundreds of published sources, including the OECD Income Distribution Database, the Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean generated by CEDLAS and the World Bank, Eurostat, the World Bank’s PovcalNet, the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, national statistical offices around the world, and academic studies while minimizing reliance on problematic assumptions by using as much information as possible from proximate years within the same country. The data collected and harmonized by the Luxembourg Income Study is employed as the standard. The SWIID currently incorporates comparable Gini indices of disposable and market income inequality for 199 countries for as many years as possible from 1960 to the present; it also includes information on absolute and relative redistribution.19602025The SWIID’s income inequality estimates are based on thousands of reported Gini indices from hundreds of published sources; <a href="https://fsolt.org/swiid/swiid_source/" target= "_new"> these source data can be explored here</a>. All source data are available online; this page includes links to the original sources. The entire source dataset is <a href="https://github.com/fsolt/swiid/blob/master/data/swiid_source.csv" target= "_new">also available as a spreadsheet.</a><a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a><a href="https://fsolt.org/swiid/" target= "_new"> Related materials are available here.</a> <a href="https://github.com/fsolt/swiid" target= "_new"> Full replication materials are available here.</a><a href="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/WKOKHF" target= "_new"> Previous versions of the SWIID are available here.</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12795" target= "_new"> Solt, Frederick. 2020. "Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database." <i>Social Science Quarterly</i> </a>10.1111/ssqu.12795<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12795" target= "_new"> Solt, Frederick. 2020. "Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database." <i>Social Science Quarterly</i> </a>swiid9_91.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, version 9.91, December 2025.application/zipSWIIDv9_91.bibBibTeX citation for the SWIID's article of record and current database version.application/x-bibtexx_swiid8_0.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.0, February 2019. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid8_1.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.1, May 2019. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid8_2.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.2, November 2019. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid8_3.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.3, May 2020. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_0.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.0, October 2020. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_1.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.1, May 2021. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_2.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.2, December 2021. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_3.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.3, June 2022. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_4.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.4, November 2022. For reference only; please use current version.application/zipx_swiid9_5.zipStandardized World Income Inequality Database, Version 9.5, June 2023. 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