Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africadoi:10.7910/DVN/GV0CMLHarvard Dataverse2018-08-071Ayilu, Raymond K.; Antwi-Asare, Theodore O; Anoh, Paul; Tall, Amadou; Aboya, Narcisse; Chimatiro, Sloans; Dedi, Seraphin, 2018, "Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africa", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GV0CML, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:+rvLUK1/mD+a/8kOdv1DPw== [fileUNF]Informal Cross-Border Artisanal Fish Trade in West Africadoi:10.7910/DVN/GV0CMLAyilu, Raymond K.Antwi-Asare, Theodore OAnoh, PaulTall, AmadouAboya, NarcisseChimatiro, SloansDedi, SeraphinEuropean UnionWorldFish2016-07Harvard DataverseWorldFishMuliro, JacquieChimatiro, SloansKakwasha, KeaganWorldFish RDM Team2018-08-07Social SciencesInformal fish tradeThis study examined informal cross-border artisanal fish trade in West Africa, using Ghana and her neighbouring countries as a case study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including the use of interviews, Focus Group Discussions and questionnaires were used. The volume of informal cross-border fish trade between Ghana, Togo and Benin was estimated to be about 6,400 MT valued at about 70 million Ghana Cedis or $20 million per annum. Furthermore, the ICBT fish trade between Ghana and her neighbours was dominated by women. Regarding decision-making by traders on whether to participate in Informal Cross Border Trading (ICBT) or not, a logistic model was applied. It was found that basic education, road network condition, nearness of trader’s residence to a border, membership to a fish trade association and access to market information were significant at 5% significance level. The gross profit margin for ICBT in fish was 20.4%. The study also found that the key significant determinants of ICBT profitability at the 5% level were: age of traders; the number of years in the fish trade; and access to market information. Access to trade credit was significant at the 10% level. Meanwhile the interviews and discussions highlighted the lack of formal credit, poor road networks and undeveloped markets sites as major challenges facing the fish traders, while they have internalized police and other checkpoints into their pricing decisions. Other challenges were the short shelf life of the cured fish in recent years due to the suspected use of chemicals by artisanal fishers. From the survey, transportation related costs constituted the highest proportion of cross-border fish traders’ transaction cost which adversely affected profitability. The study recommends the upgrading of infrastructure to market sites and also within them, including the provision of good storage facilities. Secondly, Fisheries Authorities should make price information easy to access and reduce the incidence of illegal fishing methods to allow trading of longer shelf life and larger matured fish. Other stakeholders could assist the formation of stronger fish trade associations which could do more advocacy both on the domestic and international fora concerning their challenges. To facilitate eligibility for formal credit, the need for basic training in book-keeping and formal registration through membership of trader associations was also recommended.Ghana<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC BY 4.0</a>informal cross border in west africa.tab224101text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:+rvLUK1/mD+a/8kOdv1DPw==224.00.0NaNNaN.NaNNaNNaNUNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==age 46.493273542600896223.027.062.048.0.7.3004195579524531.0UNF:6:5sJDcqBuKcPSEl/JlUxhQw==Sex 2.0.2.0223.02.00.01.02.02female1maleUNF:6:d9MsVTGkg7/EYKuAhLgqYg==Education 1.01.02.170403587443947223.01.04.0.1.3812200242185851primary/basic3tertiary2secondary/high4no formalUNF:6:O/HiBS1gY9M2rwrx2dn7QQ==Marital status 4.01.01.45291479820627821.01.0.223.01.00282395269326321married3divorce4widow2singleUNF:6:1dv420vb+aICKVMYyvpzzA==Religion 1.01.00.90693250158811515.01.61883408071748861.0.223.01christain2muslim3budhist4traditionalistUNF:6:RncMuk09rGUK7181VF7WTA==nationality 1.01.2735426008968616.223.03.01.01.00.49462835873722023Benin2Togo1GhanaUNF:6:REjY2OT5cZ4DJIxCuNZQ7g==current area of residence1.03.0.223.00.54380302564375971.30941704035874371.01.02togo3benin1GhanaUNF:6:5nvrBxJ+3eSaaKE//l6+Bg==Farming years .16.01.0223.045.017.4753363228699578.8403289525888681.0UNF:6:XwuVCcBeho0fIMi4KFxUOg==number of languages spoken5.02.264573991031390.7209544928509205223.02.01.0.1.0UNF:6:QWVSy2VvAOMqKzwSLrbhug==household size 223.04.8161434977578475.02.0.6.01.01.14187668234972573three5five1one4four2two6six and aboveUNF:6:FWbXmvde4FYOnbGRE+VuBA==NaN224.0NaN.NaNNaN0.0NaNUNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==from whom do you buy fish1.093.01.0305343511450382.3.01.0131.00.246168525692645633from traders i have relationship with1purchase from other market2purchase directly from individualsUNF:6:I4DBS6BN9WKsQFULhgpvZg==2.02.02.09.0.215.00.02.02purchase directly from individuals3from traders i have relationship with1purchase from other 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costUNF:6:B3yV1n1B0YbCOfnIZcVdfQ==.3.0211.03.03.03.00.013.04depends on the type fish species1depends on the price of other local traders6fish quality3depends on the operational cost5fish size2depends on the season7depends on the weigthUNF:6:3+zWDChujT66misx8EJANA==.23.04.00.04.0201.04.04.05fish size1depends on the price of other local traders3depends on the operational cost6fish quality7depends on the weigth4depends on the type fish species2depends on the seasonUNF:6:wgmvHkSQyuLlYRrPZAub9Q==64.06.00.079056941504209465.05.006255.0.160.02depends on the season4depends on the type fish species1depends on the price of other local traders5fish size7depends on the weigth3depends on the operational cost6fish qualityUNF:6:KkUr7i4JnZPWeyvbQT97ug==45.06.00.06.0.6.0179.06.05fish size6fish quality3depends on the operational cost1depends on the price of other local traders4depends on the type fish species2depends on the season7depends on the weigthUNF:6:5CHzSp4mMvXFcXPYdJ6bEQ==.0.07.0217.07.07.07.07.01depends on the price of other local traders4depends on the type fish species6fish quality7depends on the weigth3depends on the operational cost5fish size2depends on the seasonUNF:6:oqEW4oQicSh6txNfH+KQ3w==is there seasonal change in volume1.01.00.01.01.0223.0.1.01yes2noUNF:6:DAs07HFIi7zXzrKho40TmQ==factors influencing changes in volume 8.0.1.0216.01.01.00.01.02hoarding1seasonal changesUNF:6:rC3hGVtl37wsmoyxzmX3XQ==188.02.02.02.0.2.036.00.01seasonal changes2hoardingUNF:6:DZs4rqa54N8JCoicawSsTA==trips in a month 4.0223.01.0.5.03.51793721973094180.77815979252821271.0UNF:6:4NXEa+f7duxP5tGRVbhqiA==expenditure 71.3114249256759853.73542600896854375.0.223.01.01.030.0UNF:6:luDtqKfJ8dDK7XWqxa7zcw==accommodation 50.00.0.0.0150.0174.014.70000000000000328.195563408422377UNF:6:bO9KGuzxghnjVVIkSwUhOQ==feeding .12.015.58612440191387450.08.735000814793874209.015.00.0UNF:6:7K7j0mDKR8JWE1mIx747xw==comminication .202.02.420770547337156622.016.00.04.0742574257425754.0UNF:6:My1pq6gSsaUNiDpbdhDXvQ==payment of unofficial charges 11.0547418365681764.542.02.060.00.0.182.0UNF:6:VLfMRTnf0GF0KMYpr+LiCw==tax/market tolls .200.020.013.4534313725490232.024.5638113004904960.0204.0UNF:6:8C7+SA13DnXsRojEp7YZiQ==labour 44.5220.0.280.02.057.1727272727272653.1863028837864.0UNF:6:1IVpFJLwkssN03p7WKKKMQ==baskets (palm)168.057.0641470900677156.025.46428571428573.13.00.0350.0UNF:6:50EXb7D4M316zVpuVAYPkw==twines 10.011.122159090909091.0176.048.07.43740491590426570.0.UNF:6:h6k05x+Lh/KbkHHW4o2hGg==brown paper 120.0197.025.027.012.392193872489901.6.025.345177664974617UNF:6:x8gE5DRXgBLZoWpnlauv6w==net40.07.199954462515376.12.663934426229508163.05.061.010.0UNF:6:Ftv5tQGZNmY54bG5cDQhJg==full time employees (point of purchase)0.092.0.0.01.7637467741492168132.01.39393939393939516.0UNF:6:58fhFH18xjt8LEQ37aUM0g==part-time employees (point of purchase)26.0.10.01.01.65656565656565610.96288078932392411.0198.0UNF:6:noOxpe4cHombz4Sxlfc+ow==family members (point of purchase)3.00.03.03.01.0.223.03.0UNF:6:AV1v2o00VlCMw1O1r53i9Q==full time employees (point of destination)2.51.02.02.12132034355964242.54.0.222.0UNF:6:iQqyseiklcoV/NiQS0RNTQ==part-time employees (point of destination3.00.58113093830802311.0.77.01.0147.01.3469387755102045UNF:6:OkAluaoywfXkJlFAmWFmww==family members (point of destination.1.00.7784989441615231.666666666666666712.01.5212.03.0UNF:6:sGSNHtcey3Eb883SWAEuwg==full time employee (amoung paid employees per month)20.0100.092.4294577157219.114.5161290322580862.0800.0162.0UNF:6:qCNNOzkMwYDUxMuP89wRgg==part-time employee (amoung paid employees per month).43.1555937698908323.06.0201.061.7562189054726350.0260.0UNF:6:qMoSMVo52XKrcjYVFGm+6A==family friends ( amoung paid employees per month)9.070.0160.029.486343354923555110.0112.22222222222223215.0.UNF:6:JzXDIoLWIVN+Kj7jX7gDiA==Factors influencing participation224.00.0NaNNaNNaNNaNNaN.UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==belongnes to co-operative association223.0.1.01.95515695067264560.20742489693413822.01.02.01yes2noUNF:6:/ElHZHKVrnz43rlP5oj3zA==access to communication facilities 1.0.0.25104315150890881.06726457399103142.01.01.0223.02no1yesUNF:6:X2QGS6zpwCzpZYgXo15MJg==source of communicatio facilities 2.018.0206.01.98543689320388351.02.0.0.12008758347732192mobile phone3internet1community radioUNF:6:94IVaMlCFRv2dLS4gXzFfQ==do you receive market information prior to sale 1.01.0.223.02.01.00.461414657814516241.3049327354260092no1yesUNF:6:H0tZhQDiPuT7Y5U0AzxX6w==challenges 1.01.073.01.01.0151.0.0.03delays1extortion2harrasmentUNF:6:93+whVAFxtIxPZFzM7ceLg==.15.00.02.02.02.0209.02.02harrasment1extortion3delaysUNF:6:7Veu28gW7yZ5fmj0WLtLwg==166.03.0.0.03.058.03.03.03delays2harrasment1extortionUNF:6:Wg8Tlv/iYPo2DSOSGRatEg==acess to credit faciliteis 1.0.1.59192825112107622.01.02.0223.00.49258223282023781yes2noUNF:6:qzxbEl6OaJCqegIfl1SFyA==if yes, source 2.00.51.04.0.220.01.251.05friends3money lender1bank2micro finance4family membersUNF:6:wyXh+5kKwkLZC1EJN57Bjw==2.03.00.235504107976802852.057142857142857189.02.035.0.2micro finance1bank5friends4family members3money lenderUNF:6:swam0Mr5RjtIvU2jgDgr/g==3.03.00.03.0195.029.0.3.02micro finance3money lender1bank5friends4family membersUNF:6:03nwErepI5EiRD79XAwU2Q==4.04.0187.00.04.04.037.0.5friends2micro finance4family members1bank3money lenderUNF:6:ka7UrhOkW7O9UzJQs5bBig==5.05.00.05.0.5.0199.025.02micro finance5friends3money lender1bank4family membersUNF:6:R5wJkJ1HQ1UO7kHdEW5GHw==describe the major part of road1.00.4087674860771311.01.21076233183856521.0223.02.0.1good2badUNF:6:/SgGpgIZmY0N48OMZ27ASQ==distance b/n place of start and destination NaNNaNNaN224.0NaNNaN.0.0UNF:6:95K3+GC7lOVXYMDapyfVjQ==do you stay near any entry border 2.02.01.00.47797192041821671.01.6502242152466366.223.01yes2noUNF:6:I1D8Ii+9EOKkvQSWf81RHA==family members into fish trade before 2.01.01.6502242152466369223.0.1.00.477971920418216962.02no1yesUNF:6:LZwspeYrhIGDCZhp5DJm1w==if yes, for how long 45.020.0.13.0210778535599132.075.023.453333333333337149.0UNF:6:EriY9tdUivAr7QFfD8fXEQ==general challenges 51.01.01.00.01.0.1.0173.02road networks1credit assistance3shortages of product4undeveloped marketsUNF:6:OIr8yR3DxQZZmckMuyxT9g==0.131306432859722572.017241379310344858.03.0.166.02.02.01credit assistance4undeveloped markets2road networks3shortages of productUNF:6:XG7YDp1Uxoaa05uLpOpUIg==187.04.0.3.0270270270270270.164398987305357237.03.03.04undeveloped markets3shortages of product2road networks1credit assistanceUNF:6:XNVBBEBpH14ub8W3noll4A==4.0.0.031.04.04.0193.04.02road networks4undeveloped markets1credit assistance3shortages of productUNF:6:16bJOwxRIPxolVTn+2abXQ==assisstance you will need1.0200.01.00.01.024.01.0.1credit facilities2good roads3remove rooad barries4develop market facilitiesUNF:6:lw+vi/UB6HTjlel0kU+Djw==1.01.9090909090909092202.00.29424494316824984.2.02.022.03remove rooad barries2good roads1credit facilities4develop market facilitiesUNF:6:UAK33fCGG1GiIncVK7kSiA==10.03.0.3.00.0214.03.03.01credit facilities4develop market facilities3remove rooad barries2good roadsUNF:6:0Ggz5ihtF3SgsO4gCeLbeQ==0.169030850945703363.97142857142857154.03.0189.035.0.4.01credit facilities2good roads4develop market facilities3remove rooad barriesUNF:6:CHF1yD+co7O9ZjaMg1khvQ==distance between purchase points and sale points223.01.0209.3616293483907727.013.0.214.0282.7757847533633UNF:6:apuPWXtP0PIkcs7eCjgWUg==57600.0223.01.01500000.0206781.562370768083600.0137872.86322869957.UNF:6:8HcragMhXia/fM2fU1vM/w==annual total cost of Cosr of tranpot1.0.19200.0223.035541.6154418481232616.0480.0192000.0UNF:6:qRzzyqydGRa3t5wqwYu8Qg==Frequency of trip.1.0223.060.09.33791751033854642.2152466367712912.048.0UNF:6:Jcp+nPKxENrHF3TE7ijUnA==Corridor Analysis Methodology Guidance Notes (14.04.2015).docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentQUESTIONAIRE_Informal cross border in West Africa.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentInformal Fish Trade Research Handbook.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentPolicy Brief_2016-Cross-border trade in West Africa.pdfapplication/pdf