Replication Data for the paper "Populism and Academic Freedom"doi:10.7910/DVN/CSMZOXHarvard Dataverse2026-02-121Silva, Rui, 2026, "Replication Data for the paper "Populism and Academic Freedom"", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CSMZOX, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:12ng1rZVd7tthKeDVqH0Yw== [fileUNF]Replication Data for the paper "Populism and Academic Freedom"doi:10.7910/DVN/CSMZOXSilva, RuiHarvard DataverseSilva, RuiSilva, Rui2026-02-12Social SciencesElectionsReplication package for the paper "Populism and Academic Freedom". The README includes the Python code to extract weather ERA5 data.<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>populism_academic_freedom.tab90059text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:12ng1rZVd7tthKeDVqH0Yw==DatasetCountryUNF:6:72Zki+qQ4gTg8GKd8W5bkg==Year0.08.6602540378443871995.02009.5.2009.52024.0900.0UNF:6:WbHPOkkCtGz1x8iM9Q2n4A==(=1) if there was a general election0.26777777777777770.00.0900.0.0.44304733443643631.00.0UNF:6:rYTtcVRsC905WySbq9kbfQ==(=1) when the cabinet took over0.260000000000000060.0.0.00.01.0900.00.43887813293995126UNF:6:nmKk4a3xJcStZxIUT2Z2Tg==turnout in the last general election0.68821411119567060.134591862103596900.0.0.68850001692771910.93000000715255740.319499999284744260.0UNF:6:5fq+3zPQm/pI22y06ATY7A==Effective number of parties4.3365637909041512.1176900863647464.2055621147155761.461070359142175900.0.9.6982755661010740.0UNF:6:Fh2xIXm6IA7s7umEKtHZMw==Average ideology of the cabinet0.0900.05.4236923318439035.250934123992921.59228264006330468.699999809265137.0.0UNF:6:QObO65xtE32EG5P3gRz5jg==(=1) if the PM is populist0.3315320257805550.125555555555555480.00.0.1.00.0900.0UNF:6:K6hbh5ErDfwJZLe9hHAy5g==(=1) if the PM is a far-right populist0.0900.00.00.206194995624265960.00.044444444444444531.0.UNF:6:QVJ7TrGcHiazwR0BIzaT6w==(=1) if the PM is a far-left populist0.00.0.0.00.0100000000000001181.0900.00.09955406689742703UNF:6:9vIuS49Zw4eJCPqz2ZTDcw==(=1) if the cabinet coalition has a majority in the parliament1.00.0.900.00.750.01.00.4332534651590251UNF:6:8J0TctaHxjoi9uPbbIttmg==(=1) if part of the European Union1.01.00.00.752222222222222.0.4319621213200826900.00.0UNF:6:ceRWhnqxIcWcO+ZuL/8ILw==Real GDP per capita0.048047.4093945312322967.206262351134900.045654.86328125142310.937510263.740234375.UNF:6:HCg4hqOndCdygERWSs/57w==Academic Freedom Index900.00.00.9399999976158142.0.303999990224838260.92143444561296040.073656170707159630.9800000190734863UNF:6:QH9KnAQ3A4grxs0cs0QuxA==Freedom of Academic Exchange and Dissemination2.2653577811943580.03.140000104904175900.0-0.43900001049041750.573562062867423.2.3910000324249268UNF:6:3WWKsaRIJYApENkEU8KfdQ==Freedom to Research and Teach2.34800004959106453.4240000247955322-0.6850000023841858.5.02.2559430220356864895.00.5991357156069032UNF:6:chSIarqjwJoe905H7jESZg==Institutional Autonomy895.01.871000051498413-1.7050000429153442.1.84068491002909125.03.08899998664855960.7083399128244114UNF:6:tC5ZHq12gkFn9omYBtRhQg==Campus Integrity2.5042849229700748.3.40000009536743160.61850184416795140.2109999954700475.0895.02.687999963760376UNF:6:WdAwcqw0KI+A6C34N+1hGw==Freedom of Academic and Cultural Expression900.00.02.637000083923340.68857788997186562.5101422152606148.-0.170000001788139343.5309998989105225UNF:6:q3xSlI6ddH++Onz4g6eoaA==Freedom of Expression Index.0.06757298171121685900.00.499000012874603270.93878666546609660.99199998378753660.96100002527236940.0UNF:6:6thwwYyk/oQO9GS/5LBu3w==Alternative Sources of Information Index0.365000009536743160.9760000109672546.0.90302666558159720.93599998950958250.08507477093723630.0900.0UNF:6:IPxnFcxe2KvD7a7vR1frfA==Average Precipitation in the last general election4.4285094315090610.0.900.039.700000762939450.02.3139785609715070.43951258063316345UNF:6:HQ5huevohuQMwBYvWINiGQ==Average Temperature in the last general election.0.028.799999237060547-5.90000009536743211.91491889953613311.577050236678786.673673966917008900.0UNF:6:e/+4Rinw3e4vn96SIL4BHA==(=1) Spring; (=2) Summer; (=3) Autumn; (=4) Winter1.0.0.02.2888888888888874900.03.04.00.9988251657715309UNF:6:exQHE53DbIUf/nAijaBYYQ==Country.15.530.0900.015.58.6602540378443870.01.010France3030United Kingdom3012Greece3018Lithuania3011Germany309Finland3017Latvia3022Poland3024Romania305Cyprus3021Norway3014Iceland3013Hungary308Estonia3025Slovakia307Denmark3019Luxembourg304Croatia3015Ireland306Czechia3023Portugal302Belgium3029Switzerland3016Italy301Austria3026Slovenia3020Netherlands303Bulgaria3027Spain3028Sweden30UNF:6:yEbN9MAz4Lyd4kLCZRyZ5A==Standardize Academic Freedom Index0.99999999147657560.2520567476749420.0.-8.3826580047607420.7951208353042603-2.246267269143429E-7900.0UNF:6:KbxzQ11Yy//PmqLgnKRHNQ==Standardize Freedom of Academic Exchange and Dissemination0.9999999650300038900.01.5249305963516235.7.889750965587675E-80.00.2190561443567276-4.71502161026001UNF:6:IB/PG3bV0u7/T555Iy9rNA==Standardize Freedom to Research and Teach895.0-4.908642768859863-6.391890684179488E-8.1.94956994056701660.153649643063545235.01.0000000293746556UNF:6:uZWP8bIbBkuCzsS6DGgViQ==Standardize Institutional Autonomy895.05.0.2.472505486632172E-81.76231074333190920.99999996726590780.042797476053237915-5.005626201629639UNF:6:x8vkDhh1CRi0YVf+WUJO5g==Standardize Campus Integrity.1.0631437399061653E-75.01.0000000084454683-3.707806110382080.29703241586685181.4482014179229736895.0UNF:6:sSmoFb99FNdtv+BAPhwKUg==Standardize Freedom of Academic and Cultural Expression0.9999999956699149900.00.0-3.89228630065917970.184231534600257871.482559323310852.-1.5732314820610722E-7UNF:6:P7jVCZtvKmlnbrN+7aOumw==Standardize Freedom of Expression900.00.00.7874937057495117-6.508321285247803-2.964130702049545E-71.0000000093005177.0.32873108983039856UNF:6:P0R+MUOv1pKXeZrtdfycDQ==Standardize Alternative Sources of Information Index.0.38758084177970886-6.3241620063781741.00000003277002030.0900.00.8577557206153872.9536491188590334E-7UNF:6:Leb3+sh7KpxHfgRQ6L7B7Q==Log of the real GDP per capita11.8657693862915040.4701999733731865900.0.10.7288637161254880.010.6732493548923069.236372947692871UNF:6:oPCGOthZ/J5itbw1JSQoww==(=1) if the cabinet coalition includes a populist party but the PM is not populi0.00.00.159999999999999920.36680989550968357.1.00.0900.0UNF:6:WTfPoiWh5nTGoccKx2sHUw==(=1) if the cabinet coalition includes a far-right populist party but the PM is 0.0900.00.01.0.0.267970487051354570.07777777777777770.0UNF:6:rPBptLgF8q5hP5u7aRbo0g==(=1) if the cabinet coalition includes a far-left populist party but the PM is n.0.0088888888888888750.00.01.0900.00.00.09391313104892923UNF:6:x2g+dzUvkkqJdmsYKWU2yA==Population size17.11537558333739384.716003417968750.2669999897480011.900.08.23150014877319322.0698321008198730.0UNF:6:0yXtrtbbFcmCIuiSjlYsFA==Log of the population size0.01.3886639021559104-1.32050669193267822.1079679727554324.4393043518066412.0225382920354606900.0.UNF:6:riWl4XsAu6IaW5fSUygI2Q==share of seats held by populists0.0900.018.918188912567057.20.44375012152723416.3246746063232420.077.77777862548828UNF:6:bC+15xmHyYaqoOAB6WpQlg==seats in the parliament held by radical right populists0.0.72.36180877685547900.06.1029288768768310.010.76453871011734414.194542371415661UNF:6:DiIzu+oNHDwVwdDT8IiMoQ===1 if the main language is not Germanic or Romance0.00.49581115210727930.0900.0.1.00.43333333333333510.01not pgr3900pgr510UNF:6:mMtjuSF3dgrZzecChoi2AQ==share of seats held by radical left populist parties2.8771294067137840.00.07.93684682119912650.0.48.33333206176758900.0UNF:6:JKjRkDXZgb2RLP7ywxhOIQ===1 if non-radical-right populist PM0.00.081111111111110971.0.0.0900.00.273157471663865560.0UNF:6:2dQwluyF0ssvQ4lI5a00JA===1 if non-radical-right populist junior coalition partner900.00.01.00.274855722200214870.082222222222222070.00.0.UNF:6:qqaMXsFP6+VHkyDNCFyEsQ==share of seats held by non-radical-right populists66.0.14.762067368915801-3.299713134765625E-40.6060638427734375900.09.6792113843560440.0UNF:6:3iZyfl2sXAaPMkd66MyaOQ==number of terms by a populist party in office900.00.263333333333333640.00.00.0.0.81325914308746126.0UNF:6:mL1xN4H823whbCR4UfmiVQ==seasonal average8.9954795837402340.0900.0-3.0002739429473877.9.3441673599680323.2276706695556645.636975979329344UNF:6:E80WjILhmKwsldPzXXz9bg==month average.9.32499980926513724.055000305175786.1717370429500540.09.753888908988898-4.614999771118164900.0UNF:6:rOdqJQ2crutXEEsmv/PmTQ==first cabinet after a populist tenure.0.06444444444444444900.01.00.00.00.245679512656364840.0UNF:6:dBOQKLzEQWMS7L932+8rNQ==first cabinet after a RR populist tenure0.13620834369034307.0.00.01.00.018888888888888850.0900.0UNF:6:UpvnxhRgd+iRhufJqkphWw==second cabinet after a RR populist tenure0.0.0.00.014444444444444425900.00.119380222910032611.00.0UNF:6:MVg8zowka4PY/gnPW4AA1Q==second cabinet after a populist tenure-1.0.0.00.045555555555555544900.00.213900224737206850.01.0UNF:6:p93i5it55mYvmIfC3NdZCA==Standardized values of cold_sal0.04.910550594329834-0.42745500802993774.900.0-9.198363584767617E-9-0.427455008029937741.000000009893955UNF:6:zp5tlVfk52YnobqxTNbR/w==Standardized values of hot_sal1.1059974890864015E-86.68028736114501950.0-0.26812195777893066900.0-0.268121957778930661.0000000014114092.UNF:6:pVJzdXjhi6bsOO6rKyuOyA==Bad weather index-0.6955769658088684-0.69557696580886846.2528324127197274.8014855751837226E-90.01.3306107303021013900.0.UNF:6:bTPqoYJgoLO31cUo5SGE3Q==Bad weather index UTCI-0.5374747514724731.0.09.527588844299316-0.5374747514724731900.0-3.0464595640230146E-81.3736536906909185UNF:6:J9WUp/ROVCHDgE0GenmP+A==Bad weather index (+2 degrees interval)900.0.7.6955709457397461.3576288752068282-5.59621385565201E-90.0-0.5794843435287476-0.5794843435287476UNF:6:2bDVrNs1s4E/sf5Csz6SZw==Bad weather index (-2 degrees interval)-0.8086296916007996.0.09.553299794573532E-9900.05.2549948692321781.300778708540156-0.8086296916007996UNF:6:T096Ia7Snkg4SzvqB8bqIQ==do_populism_af.doDo filetext/x-stata-syntaxREADME_AFI_POP.txtREADME with information on how to extract weather ERA5 datatext/plain