Propaganda surveys in Baltic countriesdoi:10.7910/DVN/BZRQRVHarvard Dataverse2026-04-031Plikynas, Darius, 2026, "Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:ipzJEP52Ll5uoOcp1CWNfg== [fileUNF]Propaganda surveys in Baltic countriesdoi:10.7910/DVN/BZRQRVPlikynas, DariusDarius PlikynasHarvard DataversePlikynas, DariusPlikynas, Darius2026-04-03Computer and Information ScienceSocial SciencesBaltic regionsurvey methodologyComputational propagandaonline social networksThis dataset is designed to study the social impact of propaganda in the three Baltic countries. Respondents from each Baltic country - Lithuania (LT), Latvia (LV), and Estonia (EE) used the same questionnaire, which had been translated into their respective national languages. Most of the questions were quantitative estimates on a Likert scale (1–5), but multiple-choice questions were also used. An online survey was conducted in 2025 by the data company Solid Data based on our questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of 63 questions. A total of 1,218 respondents were collected across Estonia (409), Lithuania (405), and Latvia (404). The survey comprised three main sections (Q1, Q2 and Q3), each with sub-questions. The set of questions in Q1 was designed to investigate the social context and environment of propaganda and disinformation, exploring the environment of information warfare in the Baltic States and how it relates to social media and OSN (online social networks). The set of questions in Q2 was meant to investigate the recognition of propaganda techniques and susceptability to disinformation narratives. The Q3 set was meant to investigate demographic correlates.The surveys are anonymous. Funding statement for the Acknowledgements section: The research has been mainly granted financial support from the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) under the agreement No. S-VIS-23-8. It has also been executed in collaboration with the Latvian Council of Science (project No. lzp-2024/1-0176) and the Estonian Research Council (project No. PCI2022-135026-2). Ethical approval: JOINT COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH ETHICS at Vilnius University on June 10, 2024, No. (1.13 E) 250000-KT-121 made DECISION: 1. The proposed research “Research on the social impact of propaganda and disinformation” meets the research ethics. 2. The Committee's decision on compliance with the research ethics is valid for the research conducting period from 10 June 2024 to 30 June 2026.<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>EE_survey data.tab40991text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:eWT1IbVoNquNoDhRHyUyRg==LT_survey data.tab40591text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:wIMWe7QBO+3FsM32htvHhg==LV_survey data.tab40492text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:w5jHLavvrUylZgjgxDeCdg==ID1.00.0118.21237949837008.205.0409.0205.0409.0UNF:6:IVI79kDbkUy7xPdOrBBa8Q==Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:1.01.01.00.01.0.409.00.01I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey409UNF:6:E1fluuhh77oKa1aauMY8xw==How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?7.0409.05.01.01.38774038839725084.46454767726161350.0.315-30 min.496120-240 min.627More than 240 min.292Not using daily28560-120 min.114430-60 min.1171Not using at all10UNF:6:8mwXlZt9xKq97CyaW23FeA==Select three social network platforms that you use most.1.0354.01.01.01.055.00.011Pinterest01Telegram556Instagram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat08TikTok07X/Twitter04Youtube02Facebook012Other03VKontakte09Threads0UNF:6:BAFivX8bEZSDlaYFoVslhg==Select three social network platforms that you use most2.02.0.87.02.0322.02.00.08TikTok07X/Twitter02Facebook32210Snapchat09Threads011Pinterest012Other03VKontakte01Telegram06Instagram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)04Youtube0UNF:6:KTDSt8DKxaQEuMFoNVyW0w==Select three social network platforms that you use most3.03.03.03.0.4.0405.00.01Telegram08TikTok09Threads04Youtube03VKontakte46Instagram011Pinterest05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat012Other02Facebook07X/Twitter0UNF:6:8Ka3tuSc7DA8+dMUCSOZYA==Select three social network platforms that you use most4.04.04.00.0.4.0211.0198.012Other09Threads010Snapchat08TikTok011Pinterest01Telegram04Youtube1986Instagram07X/Twitter05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)02Facebook03VKontakte0UNF:6:1Q2ICbWCyeVmlUnYnb7MHw==Select three social network platforms that you use most5.05.00.0.402.05.07.05.09Threads04Youtube03VKontakte010Snapchat05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)71Telegram011Pinterest08TikTok02Facebook07X/Twitter012Other06Instagram0UNF:6:PpJi8+DTWxi54DVeETKuBg==Select three social network platforms that you use most0.06.06.0167.0242.06.0.6.01Telegram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)04Youtube012Other010Snapchat07X/Twitter09Threads011Pinterest02Facebook06Instagram1678TikTok03VKontakte0UNF:6:YLEBP5ql5uKF+BAgqSmpTw==Select three social network platforms that you use most7.00.08.0401.0.7.07.07.012Other04Youtube07X/Twitter811Pinterest05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat02Facebook01Telegram03VKontakte09Threads06Instagram08TikTok0UNF:6:r8H3p5JcpkT7zJU3UxB+bQ==Select three social network platforms that you use most334.08.08.0.8.075.00.08.011Pinterest07X/Twitter08TikTok752Facebook012Other01Telegram03VKontakte09Threads04Youtube06Instagram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat0UNF:6:mNYVwgW/O4M2TNp+C/dY5Q==Select three social network platforms that you use most9.00.09.07.0402.09.0.9.07X/Twitter06Instagram02Facebook04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat09Threads71Telegram012Other08TikTok011Pinterest03VKontakte0UNF:6:0STpLk99oUTCig6JpU2prw==Select three social network platforms that you use most.10.010.013.010.0396.010.00.012Other06Instagram04Youtube010Snapchat133VKontakte09Threads02Facebook011Pinterest05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)08TikTok07X/Twitter01Telegram0UNF:6:xGKGzmKGm+93l2vrAmz5Bw==Select three social network platforms that you use most27.0.11.011.011.00.0382.011.06Instagram010Snapchat02Facebook011Pinterest277X/Twitter01Telegram08TikTok012Other05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)09Threads03VKontakte04Youtube0UNF:6:ni07FwExciugqIpsZKlVDQ==Select three social network platforms that you use most12.028.012.0.381.00.012.012.011Pinterest04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)08TikTok09Threads01Telegram02Facebook06Instagram07X/Twitter03VKontakte010Snapchat012Other28UNF:6:uJmGK9dEEuOjiPrnjKBaAA==Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.01.20858448054646560.05.02.0409.0.2.288508557457212655 - always2211 - never1543313444362263UNF:6:G+IY00zJVBVTyKEe7qLgqw==Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)3.0586797066014671.05.0.0.0409.01.0965539683453963.0447033181227011 - never3855 - always50UNF:6:bq8UreXd0l4SxeSYg9zZAQ==VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)409.00.89651647509378151.01.4718826405867970.01.05.0.224911 - never29955 - always83347446UNF:6:IMW++mEVdxT9bwx/7584kA==Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)0.0.1.391198044009781.01.00.7973736192172516409.05.044555 - always33348223711 - never316UNF:6:6JyCoM0Q9AWvuFM3BTnfIQ==Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?).1.05.03.0409.01.2507488528247442.56968215158924230.04446226455 - always3611 - never11533148UNF:6:OCInlmkq6SE+y9rFiiz4FA==X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.01.0446719436135165.0.409.01.89242053789731071.00.044213398227855 - always711 - never205UNF:6:WZ8N/H6EU8GwdoI+NsfJzw==TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?).1.20719533673890231.02.05.00.0409.02.03178484107579533734425229711 - never18855 - always26UNF:6:FnrJ0INFMuLWZIk/Xxo3jw==Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.60146699266503671.05.00.9075380397747710.01.0.409.04416335911 - never26055 - always22272UNF:6:vSydKRjlmDOjZhsqNcev5Q==SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.640586797066015.0.97539114724266775.00.01.0409.01.011 - never25755 - always8441322713360UNF:6:2/r/zmq0xKMM5gIukIaWcA==Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)409.02.00.0.2.26894865525672351.29328549530150185.01.033105225155 - always24445411 - never175UNF:6:aJu/q7Oyh4I7OqDkl+Tckw==How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?5.01.2414239097685948409.04.01.00.0.3.55990220048899752239339955 – always1114412211 - never38UNF:6:WohGzo2nElFA38+RCo942w==Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?1.1983316942389190.03.0409.0.5.01.02.8777506112469444468228011 - never6555 – always4633150UNF:6:qFHRJZGjy4WI/U1fQvIHVw==Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?.1.3846104419779302409.06.02.77995110024449851.00.03.07Over 10000 followers021-25 followers684100-500 followers1161No followers111325-100 followers7362500-10000 followers25500-2500 followers39UNF:6:fWsbTjjZqxM49F2EquoXcQ==How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?3.0409.01.05.02.5990220048899766.1.21695498410505420.011 - very rarely10133126228655 - very often284468UNF:6:kzGoERYGOWj4ekqm+biDhg==On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?409.01.47677261613691926.01.0.1.00.66794486507323080.0521-301411-2041024121-515036-10126over 301UNF:6:YxpaLqK2fUTw5AJ7N5UYQw==On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?1.01.06.00.0409.00.7380493945315574.1.4963325183374088521-30221-514110244411-20436-10166over 302UNF:6:SRBLMgwm3QRa5XsjBZ5XtQ==On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?1.06.01.0.1.4865525672371640.73793571230135960.0409.036-10116over 301411-209521-30221-513710249UNF:6:2jDaG+LeUjJOF9B537TGHw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?168.00.01.0.1.01.0241.01.01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)2416Science reports05Media influencers02Social networks07Other03Friends and family04Recognized experts0UNF:6:cdqpSifRX3zot75LWpkAsw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?2.02.00.0345.02.0.64.02.04Recognized experts05Media influencers06Science reports01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family07Other02Social networks64UNF:6:OhDUpPedswEpjRagaMvEEg==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?3.0247.03.03.0162.03.00.0.5Media influencers02Social networks06Science reports03Friends and family1624Recognized experts07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)0UNF:6:u/g/M+pRFuFaVM1v7uasCw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?4.0237.04.04.0.4.00.0172.01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)07Other02Social networks06Science reports03Friends and family05Media influencers04Recognized experts172UNF:6:Hw8JuAZvuUf7xEgpwdJXbA==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?5.05.0.0.05.0406.03.05.02Social networks01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family07Other04Recognized experts05Media influencers36Science reports0UNF:6:bq6DNF6yzGkvYZm8qdpkdw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?6.06.0229.0180.0.0.06.06.06Science reports2295Media influencers04Recognized experts02Social networks07Other03Friends and family01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)0UNF:6:2ZTEJTCQZrIwoj+PZmYC+g==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?17.0.392.00.07.07.07.07.07Other172Social networks04Recognized experts06Science reports01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)05Media influencers03Friends and family0UNF:6:2iiaD9unXO8Z0za4PLxmXg==How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?409.01.0147174332737743.2.32762836185819081.00.02.05.0221203314055 - strongly agree8443711 - strongly disagree104UNF:6:F1htymPDmxNYNvS5Y7vqmA==How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?3.01.32541906641469741.02.7946210268948652409.0.5.00.0447011 - very rarely96226855 - very often5333122UNF:6:qItzcaZQbQa8oy0lW7UF0Q==How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?1.1375402387242866409.00.0.1.05.02.02.266503667481662555 - strongly agree1211 - strongly disagree13733108445122101UNF:6:blC1GEaqURVpkr7sJcuPOw==How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?.5.01.01.85330073349633230.0409.02.00.922483386334511755 - strongly agree2441933792212611 - strongly disagree183UNF:6:x1NVrUNPZmMfGhXOxBVmRA==Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?2.337408312958436409.02.0.1.05.01.1562253206817560.055 - strongly agree1911 - strongly disagree12122116331044449UNF:6:qVjiX9OZ2k0EK3pY4XLuoA==How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?3.1491442542787293.1.05.0409.01.22063769143327133.00.04411233125226111 - very rarely5355 - very often58UNF:6:sjwbJVQw0PL+Sb9oHZdwig==Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?2.01.05.02.3863080684596581.3163408555531737.0.0409.03310311 - strongly disagree14955 - strongly agree3622734448UNF:6:n2EyZoXK174ZOs57aLygeA==Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?409.01.16371628061278760.0.5.01.04.03.74083129584352111 - strongly disagree24223255 - strongly agree1334411733103UNF:6:1NQx4xTRvQp/puKermq+Sg==How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?3.0733496332518335.1.03.05.0409.01.14167866496033050.03314255 - very often4544103227511 - very rarely44UNF:6:JGwGQJ0ihI2yRUqfkhKGNg==How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?3.0.1.05.00.02.4865525672371641.019630891404042409.055 - very often142211444383316211 - very rarely81UNF:6:tmKmeUeTLyULh3N9o3AkUg==How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?409.01.0.3.00.03.37408312958435141.29834479956702195.055 - very often10111 - very rarely4622573310544100UNF:6:WuEIFXEcKwjs04vqz9FRcA==Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?3.02.586797066014675.0.0.00.9891181259334991409.01.03317411 - strongly disagree6855 - strongly agree10221054452UNF:6:fwmuc+yvWeEwdyFzikYAPA==Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?1.0266184973473986.409.00.05.01.04.3007334963325185.055 - strongly agree24244892217334911 - strongly disagree12UNF:6:H8f3WB9XdQmbUp9I3rLdQw==Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni.132.01.0277.05.02.5956678700361012.01.4505306393409347UNF:6:KsrMuP8LQAFDhBBPgKdmwA==Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr2.01.0252.02.7619047619047614.5.01.274503708916131157.0UNF:6:0FcCI9TZ1lbhN/Vh7mfONQ==Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac3.0126.05.02.84452296819788.1.0283.01.3515935047676735UNF:6:Jq0liX4aVzGgZ0nJUtnUEA==Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so3.19480519480519481.31584617548485255.0.178.01.03.0231.0UNF:6:h5bwv6mSh4xq29B4F6r6ZQ==Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq.1.4703322877782055215.01.03.05.03.139175257731959194.0UNF:6:WOfkQLgAWrR3h7Wda2bSuA==Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr318.0.3.05.03.2967032967032971.01.44140753350871591.0UNF:6:PwvMUJa9mbZnz53sC2ii4w==Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each1.3690685833339264258.0151.05.0.4.01.03.437086092715232UNF:6:IEMRS0WfnNmPSoSy4+Fy/w==Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see.3.096125.0284.01.38205083702772363.01.05.0UNF:6:y92y2VUVEbdS3yTuMNjGFA==Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (1.03.02362204724409445.0282.03.01.3596484543844636127.0.UNF:6:5oCg/dNB4bnxWXhzwB0zSA==Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l3.18656716417910473.0134.05.0275.01.0.1.3936909963113842UNF:6:Ofx4v0ybZM3yqFT6DitLyA==Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel5.0.1.03.0611111111111113.0180.01.5896448740439408229.0UNF:6:rVV7uzBv9CtpArxpop+yTQ==The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.1267421696938045.0409.00.01.03.03.5745721271393642.4485226055 - strongly agree1163313711 - strongly disagree11UNF:6:yw0CJjlnboLj8NHaqjFFjA==The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.0409.01.0.2.1833740831295841.3442387449208090.05.0336855 - strongly agree48441911 - strongly disagree1752299UNF:6:3c93c4Fx5Og8pfKdPPAaRQ==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.3293242377957435409.00.0.2.00733496332518341.05.01.055 - strongly agree41441911 - strongly disagree21722733359UNF:6:Ht6b0z6rHDCU+pZjLpC7sw==Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.42142843462653625.02.9364303178484112409.03.0.1.00.055 - strongly agree8833120226511 - strongly disagree914445UNF:6:2pKY03gK9feJdArFOlkFmQ==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.03.244498777506112409.03.01.3680081790918595.5.00.055 - strongly agree107331102269446711 - strongly disagree56UNF:6:TLMKcJ/OtKZQMUFQn6Toog==EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.3398493639719570.02.6699266503667483409.0.5.01.03.03311255 - strongly agree58229211 - strongly disagree1024445UNF:6:KzRDZqpqUBItKC3FNVNoAQ==The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.05.00.01.475278488207196.2.995110024449878409.01.033974457226355 - strongly agree9711 - strongly disagree95UNF:6:HSlT3/OMjiGtwkS2XghvtA==While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol1.2487733086335282.4987775061124697409.05.0.1.00.02.0331112211511 - strongly disagree10555 - strongly agree424436UNF:6:2oESjtn3N1Usx7bEuk9VYQ==With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.02.02.0048899755501224409.01.01.0891512931340321.5.033962210655 - strongly agree17441511 - strongly disagree175UNF:6:44tWESMKtx/18rMT7fHL1g==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).5.03.02.7408312958435213409.01.29906463083889421.00.055 - strongly agree5722843313411 - strongly disagree904444UNF:6:ifvsKWkNA/goYkTTFlIz2g==Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.01.3995009828873408.5.03.01.0409.02.6650366748166264461228455 - strongly agree5911 - strongly disagree1163389UNF:6:UsFsPskcRJfNB7hTfMl1Tw==The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.00.01.3317698417358776409.0.1.05.02.7823960880195611 - strongly disagree963312555 - strongly agree5744602271UNF:6:slguQZFxWNbJYgcUpFDoXQ==By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.0409.05.02.02.2273838630806841.0.1.26593112744921753311711 - strongly disagree1744433225755 - strongly agree28UNF:6:K/3xuCiAGHBfw8wGw1rQeA==Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.0464547677261620.05.0409.0.1.01.01.2967884155251395226211 - strongly disagree2103377442855 - strongly agree32UNF:6:fvxpQAkKA5rEnCR1OTnxNg==By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.6772616136919316409.01.01.238078972313417.3.05.00.055 - strongly agree4433140228911 - strongly disagree894447UNF:6:AJcw10N6ouJt2DfQ3TBb6Q==The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.47322573779452171.02.9657701711491443.0.5.0409.00.0226244483310511 - strongly disagree9755 - strongly agree97UNF:6:2ov6/MphI/AbCLNp9n/Qzw==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.4412941167587591.0.2.75550122249388750.05.0409.03.04441339211 - strongly disagree105229155 - strongly agree80UNF:6:4n9MiS1TBYD66WgNpkriKg==The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following1.4138702896767028.3.0409.02.86552567237163820.05.01.055 - strongly agree7633964462228111 - strongly disagree94UNF:6:T3izR5TIWu5RxtxNUFyX1g==Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)409.01.34478251100973073.01.0.0.05.02.980440097799511339755 - strongly agree74447511 - strongly disagree682295UNF:6:VKUgvpBLzlW44b09zEgnWQ==The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).3.3496332518337411.03.00.0409.01.29384141240734345.011 - strongly disagree35228055 - strongly agree110331114473UNF:6:rCmxm4GsiKQs5CRwG6E0Pg==Gender0.51330633004611481.5427872860635696409.01.00.02.0.3.03Other / don't want to answer31Male1902Female216UNF:6:FCD3et7Yc/QWKBHlKeeAig==Education Level2.02.67237163814180921.02433359435633631.04.0409.00.0.4Higher university education1283Higher non-university education602Secondary1801Primary or lower education41UNF:6:boEr1QI/JaDKcnit9TvWiA==Mother tongue7.0409.03.3936430317848414.3.00.81292179380898142.00.03Estonian2866Polish05Ukrainian01Lithuanian04Russian1072Latvian27Other14UNF:6:+vkvqk/uMcoRoOXpk8k5XA==Occupational status2.18360565563740663.6772616136919331.03.0409.0.8.00.04Entrepreneur241Highest, middle-level manager353Worker, technical staff806Unemployed445Farmer48Student, pupil207Retiree572Specialist, office worker145UNF:6:PQSqkget4Wp3KZx8mmrb5Q==Monthly net income1.00.07.0409.0.3.06356968215158963.01.36513590886285352001-3000 EUR4531001-1500 EUR1137Over 4000 EUR763001-4000 EUR1141501-2000 EUR771Up to 500 EUR462501-1000 EUR110UNF:6:Mtb1L1oqmfxkbVwvSCM0nQ==Marital and Family Status1.0.409.00.01.81418092909535430.57709072291845623.02.03Other372Married or living in an unregistered partnership2591Single, not married113UNF:6:9kpEXas4HpTeecf49+C8HQ==Location.2.01.00.8478575125400144409.03.00.01.8459657701711493Rural areas1202Other cities, regional center1061Major cities183UNF:6:s9XNTNpHP2SVszuj/bDf1g==Age group3.288508557457212409.06.0.0.03.01.56709109047095961.0226-3591556-6568446-5578118-2561336-4572665+39UNF:6:zGy0nkOBlqjsPv5st8U/wg==ID.117.057678090760020.0203.0203.0405.01.0405.0UNF:6:ZPU6b3/FNLfF9HEUtRSW4A==Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:.405.01.00.01.01.00.01.01I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey405UNF:6:0AGBOZjs+95dreqYOMxxFA==How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?1.3980752305666242405.05.07.00.0.4.6691358024691351.0560-120 min.116315-30 min.51430-60 min.1027More than 240 min.471Not using at all52Not using daily226120-240 min.62UNF:6:M34IIPY+DNSrZDUoFsn96g==Select three social network platforms that you use most1.01.01.00.031.0.374.01.06Instagram09Threads010Snapchat01Telegram317X/Twitter04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)02Facebook011Pinterest03VKontakte08TikTok012Other0UNF:6:ZJNJQ0OJXY+VMp3uJBBvNw==Select three social network platforms that you use most0.02.02.02.02.0.338.067.012Other07X/Twitter05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)011Pinterest03VKontakte08TikTok02Facebook3389Threads01Telegram04Youtube06Instagram010Snapchat0UNF:6:nvAYeTZvHp4RCQ7WG41fig==Select three social network platforms that you use most3.03.03.03.0403.02.0.0.012Other08TikTok05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)010Snapchat03VKontakte26Instagram07X/Twitter011Pinterest01Telegram09Threads04Youtube02Facebook0UNF:6:Y5S3WpAYPzxsvRwonc3shg==Select three social network platforms that you use most4.04.04.0239.00.04.0.166.010Snapchat09Threads03VKontakte04Youtube23911Pinterest02Facebook07X/Twitter012Other08TikTok05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)01Telegram06Instagram0UNF:6:j0RYBl42eJAKD3vCjc1H/g==Select three social network platforms that you use most0.0.5.05.05.05.0400.05.09Threads08TikTok04Youtube012Other010Snapchat05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)52Facebook07X/Twitter011Pinterest03VKontakte01Telegram06Instagram0UNF:6:Q+uldXI7RbYJq+lVPunqgg==Select three social network platforms that you use most6.0249.06.06.0156.06.0.0.012Other02Facebook011Pinterest01Telegram04Youtube07X/Twitter09Threads06Instagram1563VKontakte010Snapchat05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)08TikTok0UNF:6:71x8IGwejIYln535f5ORBw==Select three social network platforms that you use most7.07.0.5.07.07.00.0400.09Threads04Youtube07X/Twitter51Telegram011Pinterest010Snapchat03VKontakte02Facebook05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)06Instagram08TikTok012Other0UNF:6:b7GfHAndg6pwddXDNU6j3g==Select three social network platforms that you use most8.08.08.0309.08.0.96.00.05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)09Threads01Telegram06Instagram08TikTok963VKontakte04Youtube012Other010Snapchat02Facebook011Pinterest07X/Twitter0UNF:6:+xH0yeTNox2Q1lw7Me2Z/Q==Select three social network platforms that you use most9.00.09.0.4.09.0401.09.04Youtube012Other05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)03VKontakte010Snapchat08TikTok06Instagram01Telegram02Facebook07X/Twitter09Threads411Pinterest0UNF:6:LmDW7NK7uJ2tHPLGwySh3Q==Select three social network platforms that you use most10.00.010.022.0383.010.0.10.010Snapchat229Threads02Facebook08TikTok07X/Twitter05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)012Other03VKontakte04Youtube01Telegram011Pinterest06Instagram0UNF:6:r9yJlm+TL0ff/RR0hxKDeg==Select three social network platforms that you use most11.0377.00.011.011.011.028.0.8TikTok01Telegram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)09Threads04Youtube06Instagram02Facebook012Other07X/Twitter011Pinterest283VKontakte010Snapchat0UNF:6:TbI2zizfaeNkQSEoWmhZxw==Select three social network platforms that you use most354.0.12.00.051.012.012.012.06Instagram05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)012Other518TikTok04Youtube07X/Twitter09Threads01Telegram011Pinterest02Facebook03VKontakte010Snapchat0UNF:6:kPDrfNH71zUQCGYJ9IgYDg==Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)2.0.0.02.16049382716049371.0405.01.2998171055984625.055 - always28224433103443611 - never194UNF:6:jAaen4oLUhCQtTw8yid34A==Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)405.05.00.01.03.03.0543209876543207.1.3133029729244101226144573314211 - never6655 - always79UNF:6:ZqomK4Szn8OJ6iBBXmeuVw==VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)0.01.01.05.01.5086419753086422405.0.1.0235104524397973334411 - never307222955 - always144411UNF:6:5pQ65mj/XEG/USLP3pXXWg==Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)3.18271604938271620.01.05.03.01.2882552214942231.405.0225111 - never5933129448955 - always77UNF:6:jRPqW/djhd0+E1GJqbtxLg==Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.01.00.01.4172839506172840.9393475357581197.405.05.055 - always123339446222511 - never323UNF:6:bQxtAwl1F9Z3jx9iBNyHeg==X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.39413530556180665.0.1.03.02.4913580246913580.0405.0225055 - always4511 - never151445633103UNF:6:PV2nhv5L5o8U6fn1wvpD3A==TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.03724787002429931.661728395061728405.01.01.00.0.5.0441711 - never2652247336755 - always9UNF:6:+ahiAvqkwDngO4oUgAjzwQ==Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?).2.03456790123456830.01.01.0405.05.01.341932300994452655 - always38226211 - never21633624427UNF:6:kPL1fCnVq7Af+Q1oSpjw0w==SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.50617283950617291.01.0405.00.90820594545482675.00.0.441011 - never291335655 - always52243UNF:6:ewQREX06aJjuS51hPkfUDw==Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)5.0405.01.13326106890126831.01.70123456790123440.01.0.55 - always1811 - never267224544173358UNF:6:wQDdThz4hLc0/uCp8zGATQ==How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?0.03.17283950617284405.01.4401433806573731.0.5.03.03311055 – always101223711 - never844473UNF:6:BPH7Xxmq2EVvbzv7XmX4ag==Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?5.00.03.20987654320987661.3003812215478787.405.03.01.0225255 – always8233124448911 - never58UNF:6:fmhZBGxxAZK/ysaMfBHWXw==Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?405.0.1.56375334770329081.03.07.00.02.68148148148148167Over 10000 followers24100-500 followers8421-25 followers56325-100 followers605500-2500 followers4962500-10000 followers91No followers145UNF:6:JhoD0iMQsx2ZPGEQVmPCaA==How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?3.00.05.02.6617283950617281.0405.01.40072187022668.33103226755 - very often58445611 - very rarely121UNF:6:P5wFkeRIjwGOM6hmKyS4oQ==On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?6.01.7179388872398571.02.935802469135803405.00.0.2.0108736-1059521-302521-5132411-20386over 3064UNF:6:fOMbP5VuE2nQmV0cF+mZew==On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?6.00.02.01.29045938232500861.0.405.02.2864197530864194521-30171012421-515336-10616over 3014411-2036UNF:6:3weIkuV9szgzYd8A5HrrPw==On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?405.02.01.1579405446104334.1.06.00.01.943209876543209536-103910173411-20236over 301121-5152521-307UNF:6:GRPdYg2esaiH6qn5YwYpeg==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?1.00.01.01.0181.0224.0.1.06Science reports02Social networks03Friends and family04Recognized experts05Media influencers07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)224UNF:6:kUvX1HdJURNLUhDfJXP2LQ==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?.2.02.02.0329.076.00.02.04Recognized experts06Science reports03Friends and family05Media influencers01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)02Social networks767Other0UNF:6:uuP/iFryzOGP/epgwAmIdg==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?260.00.03.03.0145.03.0.3.07Other04Recognized experts06Science reports02Social networks01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family1455Media influencers0UNF:6:MiJ3EFD4ZZQnYjuCIKVnvA==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?4.04.04.04.0257.0.0.0148.03Friends and family06Science reports05Media influencers04Recognized experts1482Social networks07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)0UNF:6:J9YSg3HJLnXdxMwT//7Ihw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?5.00.0377.05.0.5.028.05.02Social networks04Recognized experts05Media influencers283Friends and family06Science reports07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)0UNF:6:eYwAJSY3pAEaCrqIpGG6Dw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?6.0231.00.0.6.0174.06.06.01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family06Science reports1745Media influencers02Social networks07Other04Recognized experts0UNF:6:kiNX41RlrteCeFsaxm7suw==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?7.07.0376.029.07.00.07.0.5Media influencers01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family07Other296Science reports04Recognized experts02Social networks0UNF:6:zF6bi31kYFCp6LJNFwlXbw==How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?0.01.02.4666666666666663.01.0886452658471806405.05.0.55 - strongly agree233315311 - strongly disagree91442922109UNF:6:UXbyHsvCRdsuwwD1yQFsZg==How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?405.02.80493827160493760.05.0.3.01.3420006155441081.011 - very rarely9755 - very often574464331242263UNF:6:VRx9OtYoo++JJHJAzoYUDg==How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?3.0.1.05.0405.00.02.81728395061728381.2432779775933112446933136227755 - strongly agree4511 - strongly disagree78UNF:6:O8Esf7FhkpzdRp+SMXvDsw==How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?2.01.15197146639206935.00.0.1.0405.02.27160493827160522973311611 - strongly disagree136443855 - strongly agree18UNF:6:JJr/YaOJ7PVKdJzNCqMzvw==Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?3.01.0405.0.0.05.02.5876543209876541.22488458903190962293444655 - strongly agree373313211 - strongly disagree97UNF:6:bo1KqUpI/G0CgvrAKgeC2Q==How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?3.03.034567901234568405.01.20180974238350660.01.05.0.227311 - very rarely5155 - very often59447133151UNF:6:6ysqOPg+J0Vq4RARlSGCyA==Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?3.05.01.25554630680900960.0.1.0405.02.46913580246913572264444311 - strongly disagree12955 - strongly agree3233137UNF:6:SbNoMRvdV1kwGYhflSSi7g==Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?2.9555555555555557405.0.5.00.03.01.01.3023208529238863331514458225255 - strongly agree6611 - strongly disagree78UNF:6:N1hBgNEqt1LNqzduqOoeYg==How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?1.00.0.5.01.27785191347569722.8567901234567903405.03.04447227711 - very rarely7555 - very often6133145UNF:6:zR6yigBqzUc9hIASLZOzPw==How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?1.173980427957275.3.00.0405.05.02.94567901234567931.055 - very often4811 - very rarely612259446333174UNF:6:lf3dMXF3tnNi4Cw7O6ZDrA==How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?1.05.00.0405.03.03.1629629629629631.2539486587272517.4485226111 - very rarely5255 - very often7333134UNF:6:Lq046EJPSXpwbZBSRnCM8w==Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?1.07924604829428563.0405.02.83950617283950635.00.0.1.0446311 - strongly disagree5555 - strongly agree30331792278UNF:6:GJrx8dhTkOiF0yoZ5lLL8w==Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?5.01.04.128395061728396.1.2098230956416025405.00.05.0222111 - strongly disagree2555 - strongly agree22944703360UNF:6:hj4otbwg+gx9z1PI8mAr7Q==Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni288.0.2.55555555555555545.02.01.36291232435232821.0117.0UNF:6:qA8uEKRsE5neg1+DjgrGPg==Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr2.85942492012779555.0313.092.03.01.0.1.3561525239526555UNF:6:uaVzai0kUoEx0sO19fXTfA==Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac.2.9967320261437915.03.01.34407836913656281.099.0306.0UNF:6:ZgTU9YzdMpmLe60GqyS16Q==Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so.5.0130.01.37489095905939383.0618181818181816275.03.01.0UNF:6:49p4XmM8tHaTRliHi/pTvg==Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq1.481682847502868.236.03.4322033898305087169.04.01.05.0UNF:6:Tz9VM46PlxHeKNLl+708Dg==Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr1.340102682001563.53.3225806451612905.343.01.05.062.0UNF:6:wZRMXzT7F4PrG0Pz1s0HlA==Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each1.46059348668044265.0285.01.02.86666666666666633.0.120.0UNF:6:VWgexGvz6zSoNAEwo3vmvg==Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see77.0.328.05.01.33272086639470543.0129870129870131.03.0UNF:6:9FWbXEJKws79FA9KxI04Yg==Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (3.01.0.3.22115384615384631.3289658054381603301.05.0104.0UNF:6:6CDdxGwSL+j19t/hSlqlBw==Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l3.2410714285714284293.05.0.1.0112.03.51.3965564839525872UNF:6:r8zaXaHfdVwyhrFwkptNlw==Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel.132.01.5943421535586171.02.9924242424242423.0273.05.0UNF:6:Gg1ijB11jtsorNgRcTg8+w==The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.05.01.3261541227793359405.00.03.1530864197530861.0.3315311 - strongly disagree632247444955 - strongly agree93UNF:6:2hAa1B/WVJ+VE6vUYa/MRQ==The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).1.0405.02.12098765432098760.05.01.01.3543764822927948442511 - strongly disagree204338355 - strongly agree402253UNF:6:68pXaREmAqm0TirdM760zw==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)5.01.00.02.1827160493827162405.01.3501732675256122.2.0443111 - strongly disagree193225255 - strongly agree383391UNF:6:WT7NubAj46Fbh4K9NFPERQ==Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.0.0.01.53867550438237145.0405.01.02.5827160493827157224155 - strongly agree77338911 - strongly disagree1604438UNF:6:24R0b3FjunntugY4iUoUbQ==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).3.01.49071198499986113.0740740740740755.0405.01.00.0339955 - strongly agree1082257445111 - strongly disagree90UNF:6:DPhg7k7pVHvP+a+v5ODvCQ==EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.3845366351850046.2.0405.05.00.01.02.37037037037037023310311 - strongly disagree158226855 - strongly agree534423UNF:6:6ZQu9HeSeJsI8dRoKzWlxQ==The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).405.03.0765432098765431.46123774376266670.05.03.01.044623310455 - strongly agree9911 - strongly disagree892251UNF:6:JMRxX8zBjXMKdPz2S0HF2w==While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol5.0.1.00.01.32495073053028152.5086419753086423.0405.0227144403312011 - strongly disagree12955 - strongly agree45UNF:6:B8Wd3Qh4LCjVJJTWRMU1Hg==With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.00.01.40013270539432621.05.0405.0.2.20493827160493911 - strongly disagree2003392442855 - strongly agree452240UNF:6:L5I389pdNizHKUlsw0istA==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)5.00.0.405.02.85925925925925871.40805477941243233.01.0444755 - strongly agree7633127225411 - strongly disagree101UNF:6:/mvVIZmjICP9r2H0PbzRXg==Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)5.01.4752449405991743405.02.01.02.4296296296296296.0.055 - strongly agree6144383384225311 - strongly disagree169UNF:6:ATM57qajc8b8/pHIQuiOug==The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)5.01.4010054538181423.02.859259259259259405.0.0.01.011 - strongly disagree9755 - strongly agree752263331204450UNF:6:8ZZcOpwZWpIcZeJ8LtaMfQ==By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.02.19506172839506242.01.3693878478587926405.00.0.5.0224811 - strongly disagree19455 - strongly agree4333964424UNF:6:iTXGETM4SRH38JxYAy6d8Q==Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.01.33112211216575821.02.019753086419753.5.01.0405.055 - strongly agree3744233371225411 - strongly disagree220UNF:6:AiM1VI75iOfGwSB2ukG9OQ==By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)405.03.02.506172839506173.5.00.01.01.31747073154146755 - strongly agree50226044203314511 - strongly disagree130UNF:6:R46YMxT9ypVKzdKSYeEvVg==The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)405.0.3.00.01.01.46023358306148455.02.78024691358024743310911 - strongly disagree11955 - strongly agree7622524449UNF:6:KQxsZT4JwoNdMXy38qQCuA==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)405.00.05.0.1.42569707515442872.51358024691358041.02.02265443611 - strongly disagree1443310055 - strongly agree60UNF:6:SFF9kq6qerSkYWc8q2zDnA==The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following0.0405.01.02.434567901234568.1.45179647110797322.05.055 - strongly agree573390444011 - strongly disagree1652253UNF:6:YMN2Nt3JVBtyK73Qcbq1rQ==Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)5.01.01.41556558949042133.0405.02.8839506172839506.0.0226255 - strongly agree78445311 - strongly disagree9733115UNF:6:q4Ty05Lt6HCl+yDjKtuIig==The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.347794696511041.03.15802469135802483.0.0.05.0405.033114227111 - strongly disagree59446955 - strongly agree92UNF:6:u4gy+MlwoxV0DP5VrHH/Ew==Gender2.0.405.01.55061728395061670.53169899937666690.01.03.01Male1892Female2093Other / don't want to answer7UNF:6:LdP5uMBOshYxZSBtTmgCXw==Education Level4.01.00.95562207152021170.0405.0.2.98765432098765433.03Higher non-university education1202Secondary1031Primary or lower education284Higher university education154UNF:6:BRwL9EK51k7d7bxqMwTgIg==Mother tongue.1.00.0405.00.72196407335290391.01.1259259259259267.04Russian66Polish57Other11Lithuanian3912Latvian23Estonian05Ukrainian0UNF:6:Hnx6T+2v5BupooeWs9nGig==Occupational status405.01.00.08.03.02.0794393384640453.5283950617283946.8Student, pupil201Highest, middle-level manager334Entrepreneur272Specialist, office worker1453Worker, technical staff937Retiree446Unemployed365Farmer7UNF:6:WLtOor+7OJXFfCMEH38Xkg==Monthly net income7.00.02.8691358024691356405.01.03.01.4142697425807325.52001-3000 EUR3831001-1500 EUR8963001-4000 EUR81Up to 500 EUR677Over 4000 EUR841501-2000 EUR722501-1000 EUR123UNF:6:26ggJXbiBZpTHzuT4P0KXw==Marital and Family Status0.02.0405.0.1.03.00.61425832260071531.89382716049382733Other571Single, not married1002Married or living in an unregistered partnership248UNF:6:9icQ6sWqIrLZ2qjR5d4Vqw==Location2.01.00.85177611627423893.01.8518518518518523.0.0405.03Rural areas1212Other cities, regional center1031Major cities181UNF:6:cwAuG3Djn0U9VLgzTzNcwQ==Age group3.24444444444444451.55334197365831671.03.00.06.0.405.0118-2563336-4574226-3588556-6553446-5587665+40UNF:6:CqVsr0mAoA/P8Y3vqSzh4w==ID116.76900273617139404.0.404.0202.5202.50.01.0UNF:6:uX4XRTCbN9ZuRjcwWJZ3vw==Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:1.0.0.00.01.01.01.0404.01I confirm that I have read and understood all the information above and agree to participate in the survey404UNF:6:Kwonp3ESlllvV4PoPDhUOA==How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?5.00.07.01.01.400551535500165404.0.4.7747524752475241Not using at all5430-60 min.93315-30 min.507More than 240 min.502Not using daily186120-240 min.76560-120 min.112UNF:6:LgiLJeh8E6hp0Pycp28FqA==Select three social network platforms that you use most1.01.0350.0.1.00.054.01.04Youtube012Other03VKontakte07X/Twitter01Telegram5411Pinterest02Facebook09Threads05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)06Instagram08TikTok010Snapchat0UNF:6:CHrtm0MH5U+EAfX8iR7Icg==Select three social network platforms that you use most.113.02.02.0291.02.02.00.011Pinterest04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)06Instagram02Facebook2918TikTok09Threads012Other01Telegram010Snapchat03VKontakte07X/Twitter0UNF:6:sbcVNuQ7EsBo1OFNvU0f6Q==Select three social network platforms that you use most0.03.03.03.0396.0.3.08.07X/Twitter02Facebook012Other04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)01Telegram06Instagram011Pinterest09Threads08TikTok010Snapchat03VKontakte8UNF:6:Ov/Q91dg68Y9QqPwOGIE5w==Select three social network platforms that you use most.167.00.04.04.04.04.0237.07X/Twitter06Instagram08TikTok05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)01Telegram04Youtube2379Threads02Facebook011Pinterest010Snapchat012Other03VKontakte0UNF:6:Z/71XopPg5NEq1CWn/7rMw==Select three social network platforms that you use most5.00.05.0398.06.05.0.5.01Telegram06Instagram09Threads05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)610Snapchat011Pinterest04Youtube012Other07X/Twitter02Facebook08TikTok03VKontakte0UNF:6:JnBSSpmFFmL/JxNMyaIPQA==Select three social network platforms that you use most6.00.0.6.06.0241.0163.06.07X/Twitter04Youtube05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)01Telegram011Pinterest03VKontakte02Facebook06Instagram16310Snapchat09Threads012Other08TikTok0UNF:6:akxL3RRYWyKWk+HoTysJmQ==Select three social network platforms that you use most7.00.07.0.380.07.024.07.09Threads07X/Twitter241Telegram011Pinterest010Snapchat06Instagram04Youtube02Facebook012Other08TikTok05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)03VKontakte0UNF:6:9vbPesXDaj5nBmL/4RJEvw==Select three social network platforms that you use most8.08.08.0.8.00.0260.0144.04Youtube02Facebook011Pinterest08TikTok1445Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)06Instagram010Snapchat07X/Twitter03VKontakte01Telegram09Threads012Other0UNF:6:tFiFJYXm9FXkpqW+X8b0ZA==Select three social network platforms that you use most392.09.09.09.09.00.012.0.9Threads125Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)01Telegram02Facebook04Youtube012Other010Snapchat06Instagram03VKontakte07X/Twitter08TikTok011Pinterest0UNF:6:7vRWZSibuI61vfJcqmLqbw==Select three social network platforms that you use most0.010.010.0.10.018.010.0386.05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)012Other01Telegram010Snapchat184Youtube06Instagram03VKontakte07X/Twitter08TikTok02Facebook09Threads011Pinterest0UNF:6:0J06FBG4JuRsIT+aWiAcTw==Select three social network platforms that you use most11.0378.011.011.0.26.00.011.012Other07X/Twitter01Telegram03VKontakte06Instagram08TikTok04Youtube010Snapchat011Pinterest265Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)02Facebook09Threads0UNF:6:nKDu+va7Axd3Bx924LyDDw==Select three social network platforms that you use most12.012.042.012.012.00.0.362.09Threads06Instagram07X/Twitter04Youtube010Snapchat08TikTok012Other4211Pinterest01Telegram03VKontakte05Odnoklassniki (OK.ru)02Facebook0UNF:6:7CpLUtesUoR6bawdTLBScw==Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)2.59405940594059375.00.01.17819913740432283.0.404.01.011 - never97331592274444455 - always30UNF:6:H70WgiIAsO0K4QiXvjXuMw==Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.03.0.0.02.891089108910892404.01.1394220824023895.03318211 - never6255 - always4044602260UNF:6:g4BuWgYd8AWQeNSEylSEJw==VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)0.01.01.01.5940594059405937.0.9364758161738888404.05.011 - never267441055 - always522543368UNF:6:Mvql1yybGOOmU/Z5g4UfOg==Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)1.0.5.0404.01.00.00.9605131747165261.5544554455445543346225655 - always711 - never2794416UNF:6:DzQ/BJyBk06+Pv8YlxJOVA==Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)5.02.59158415841584143.0404.01.2238443540031331.0.0.03313211 - never10755 - always2622714468UNF:6:5jd7u9OTZ9n+aJpuTVYrIg==X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)2.01.01.11717665538430922.0074257425742575.0.0.0404.02285443211 - never18555 - always113391UNF:6:zROYDY4ayTPhJCd4RhAGRg==TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)5.01.02.2326732673267324.2.00.01.2141930638109675404.0443711 - never15533106228355 - always23UNF:6:FMinste6HPXqSpQ/uCB9qg==Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)0.05.01.01.086385021666389404.01.89603960396039571.0.227811 - never207443055 - always83381UNF:6:AdovciRw7zf2xI/ZCHdyhQ==SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?).404.01.01.01.7772277227722770.01.06366856048980535.0337055 - always911 - never23344232269UNF:6:Vs2iLrlOal/IOGFhrDuIZQ==Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?).404.00.02.21287128712871261.01.25000552783584665.02.055 - always2044483310311 - never1732260UNF:6:Sq56xrwoDdH71TtzE+lszQ==How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?5.0.1.0404.03.03.32178217821782160.01.3256098524724078331132241449711 - never5855 – always95UNF:6:2kYfInlEbZKT1UrgK/2d7A==Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?5.03.1881188118811883.0.1.20142901916091561.00.0404.0449311 - never4822513314755 – always65UNF:6:mkkpATeoNMJm+5AbKGcrWg==Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?3.06683168316831670.07.0.1.49539868668694643.0404.01.07Over 10000 followers55500-2500 followers4321-25 followers65325-100 followers704100-500 followers12162500-10000 followers131No followers87UNF:6:GiZ2jA8uYLVYUPXwXFekRA==How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?5.00.0404.01.31854830726885951.02.52970297029702933.0.226055 - very often4033124445011 - very rarely130UNF:6:cW/KO3e/bsm9IFeiDfBVAw==On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?6.01.01.0.404.00.86818937717199880.01.613861386138613521-5159411-20436-1018102146over 305521-304UNF:6:xQ1q721o554JYDZ9n+ehOQ==On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?1.9529702970297032.6.00.01.0402643723477667404.01.02.01013636-10266over 309411-201721-5209521-307UNF:6:/U7g3RpGVwndAzijdVcuWg==On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?0.02.06.01.0.404.01.82673267326732681.0352009036845733411-20206over 306521-30621-51581018336-1031UNF:6:SJEBYrOM/AGB3qaH5uW0mg==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?1.01.0.219.0185.01.01.00.04Recognized experts03Friends and family07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)2192Social networks05Media influencers06Science reports0UNF:6:oiSk00XKEJpbxM2ZPegQ5Q==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?0.0.59.02.02.02.02.0345.05Media influencers01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)06Science reports03Friends and family07Other02Social networks594Recognized experts0UNF:6:2cgvGJ4veMykKx93Jl+SOQ==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?3.0.320.03.084.00.03.03.05Media influencers03Friends and family842Social networks07Other04Recognized experts01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)06Science reports0UNF:6:6y4xv6gSAy0fh2qxhGSFHQ==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?.4.04.0249.00.04.04.0155.05Media influencers07Other01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)02Social networks03Friends and family04Recognized experts1556Science reports0UNF:6:N8JHsoLPw9tMwS1eMkn0fA==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?6.05.00.05.0.5.0398.05.06Science reports01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)04Recognized experts07Other05Media influencers62Social networks03Friends and family0UNF:6:Ca5IqSUA9a6wwCGp7SgzUQ==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?6.00.0.167.06.06.06.0237.06Science reports1674Recognized experts01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)03Friends and family07Other02Social networks05Media influencers0UNF:6:ldxYD+rw5cdg3XOp7Bh4ng==What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?7.0.358.00.07.07.046.07.03Friends and family07Other464Recognized experts02Social networks01Traditional mainstream media (TV, radio, print)06Science reports05Media influencers0UNF:6:2sI/cRqFhzPibTVoEFM2Qg==How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?1.05.0404.00.01.01717011319950832.35891089108910862.0.11 - strongly disagree982211655 - strongly agree11443133148UNF:6:9uBg1xxOfc9d6NgyLsvFGA==How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?1.3846206735957214404.00.02.9232673267326731.05.0.3.011 - very rarely85331064465227455 - very often74UNF:6:KmtMKpQGc5PD4a9hsbHoFA==How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?404.05.01.0.1.16379596581421980.03.02.717821782178217611 - strongly disagree7655 - strongly agree293314122894469UNF:6:tX8TWYKvcAf4MArO9ouZAA==How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?5.02.01.0.404.02.2227722772277231.08217052252640420.0229744273313211 - strongly disagree13555 - strongly agree13UNF:6:wrP/qiZHJLxCzf3j7n02Xg==Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?1.2118030771484281.05.0.0.0404.03.02.58910891089108962210555 - strongly agree353312211 - strongly disagree914451UNF:6:Jr3BxuBIMFyNi7fWTRQhnA==How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?.3.05.01.00.01.1903017141257957404.02.9925742574257434475226055 - very often503316011 - very rarely59UNF:6:GhhFgzpBLG2qkJC5GPa2uw==Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?404.02.68316831683168331.01.30986479001658670.05.0.3.011 - strongly disagree1032274445855 - strongly agree4733122UNF:6:sAX5ey14Gz6wee6kAZ3QiA==Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?4.01.1640255189179636.5.00.03.631188118811881404.01.0331174412755 - strongly agree107222011 - strongly disagree33UNF:6:5IaoH6aMi6xOK9+Nl64f1A==How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?1.2205099335722571.0.3.02.93564356435643560.0404.05.033153226955 - very often5311 - very rarely644465UNF:6:dJetxYJXALjTrdMNPI0quQ==How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?3.01.0404.0.1.15595606745870862.7252475247524755.00.0444811 - very rarely8255 - very often33226133180UNF:6:iGc1jeYkiqOivaUkBLjlJw==How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?4.01.0.5.0404.03.52475247524752480.01.247083421494953544105224111 - very rarely373311055 - very often111UNF:6:XuABq7ht9aPlQwVfKzY2gQ==Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?2.6980198019801985.0404.01.05806417157476233.0.1.00.0228655 - strongly agree2411 - strongly disagree65444633183UNF:6:W5eo/ib/1hQZ0yAHTpGHgw==Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?5.01.01.1266395865486576404.0.4.2920792079207925.00.0334955 - strongly agree2582217446111 - strongly disagree19UNF:6:LsAcHHdKVArP+Q3o6f3bkw==Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni.1.0276.0128.05.02.02.34057971014492771.4064597816004394UNF:6:8F/9HtwsaARI4MlVuZD0vg==Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr1.0273.03.05.0.2.725274725274725131.01.3206443452907928UNF:6:wn6li587vVQ8EpK2YOxa5w==Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac118.0.1.02.800699300699301286.01.29728442435871383.05.0UNF:6:FY9V22glpWMe5JxIatQS6Q==Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so1.04.0196.03.24038461538461541.336916867744496.5.0208.0UNF:6:tuzQAs/S2d5c6wsGgKrMhA==Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq5.01.0220.04.01.451316571573622184.0.3.4456521739130435UNF:6:cUJO6L7yUBjy/3Tzy7/yZQ==Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr319.01.03.23.085.05.0.1.3522468075656267UNF:6:Suyfz4VGLFlMKXkb5dK8NA==Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each1.03.142857142857143243.05.01.41799657464829053.0161.0.UNF:6:w/xEL2csXVzb0VoF5i9LnQ==Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see4.0103.0.5.0301.01.01.3341421495031583.4563106796116503UNF:6:2wwCanSXJaqa5ASTTp685g==Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (1.03.2916666666666671.3320944127484078144.05.0260.03.0.UNF:6:rjrGydsLvfjfGHyhyvGsBg==Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l1.01.3278238996456917291.0.3.2212389380530975.0113.03.0UNF:6:jL+CsnSbVjT7snmDeIKgsg==Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel217.05.0187.03.01.51658835901650863.14973262032085581.0.UNF:6:6L6x4rmFgMo5/p65iDTJkA==The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.0.0.05.01.29472299862606223.3044554455445543.0404.04473226055 - strongly agree1003312611 - strongly disagree45UNF:6:eDUiqr8Sfq+EcN3lIfrFHA==The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).1.38055362443933260.05.01.02.3514851485148522.0404.011 - strongly disagree166331054431225555 - strongly agree47UNF:6:FL29sVMqwGZV3+rHsmCbLQ==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.00.0.2.3019801980198025.01.0404.01.370695079909565822673389443511 - strongly disagree16955 - strongly agree44UNF:6:A//pzepE+pj9KJpCgxbVEQ==Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.01.52519400103094575.0.404.02.92079207920792073.00.055 - strongly agree97444911 - strongly disagree11422473397UNF:6:Nyk70W6t32ijf5aqwep9Hw==Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.31435643564356445.0.1.34319046563799831.00.0404.03.055 - strongly agree10811 - strongly disagree504473226233111UNF:6:Zq2UhJuAYV6BvN2r6do4PA==EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.0.404.03.01.40575179974884562.6460396039603965.00.0226755 - strongly agree683312111 - strongly disagree1204428UNF:6:/B7pw1y4zEhmq9UJxWyscQ==The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.49589148168033133.03.150990099009901404.05.0.0.01.011 - strongly disagree8855 - strongly agree1162245445033105UNF:6:BDMmBJNRFCMUDobbDe27Dw==While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol3.0.404.01.33322379554805265.02.93564356435643561.00.0226955 - strongly agree6911 - strongly disagree78331274461UNF:6:pS3xXig8rtDKWoDq/5M9iQ==With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)1.3074617797213175.0.01.05.02.5148514851485144404.03.011 - strongly disagree126443633130226855 - strongly agree44UNF:6:nNCmvxYaFGT3qfOPmIf+SA==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?).3.05.01.27674205111722831.00.0404.02.928217821782178433156226511 - strongly disagree71444655 - strongly agree66UNF:6:BJVywK5Y+vKUQQWHiRLSkg==Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)404.0.2.54455445544554463.01.01.40558794406158370.05.03310655 - strongly agree572264444011 - strongly disagree137UNF:6:grBdqldmmXPoSC2hnqgj8w==The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.0024752475247523404.03.0.5.00.01.25723467150604161.011 - strongly disagree6055 - strongly agree684455331512270UNF:6:gaWGti4wzFBrkMs5pGImkQ==By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)2.01.29912971044837945.02.1980198019801981.0.404.00.011 - strongly disagree17544253397227155 - strongly agree36UNF:6:D+FTdgE4g0Spxtgj8+SSDg==Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.05.01.4229077575513345.2.02.306930693069307404.01.04439338455 - strongly agree48225111 - strongly disagree182UNF:6:KkdBZTLiZIK1gySRqbAVgQ==By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)404.01.01.27794656924696343.02.8019801980198025.00.0.4446226411 - strongly disagree8655 - strongly agree5533153UNF:6:MJ9ejsuQS2WsBZrR0DHRZg==The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)3.00.05.0.1.01.36999362749268762.853960396039604404.055 - strongly agree6811 - strongly disagree914458331162271UNF:6:Vlx3GmwY//yYPqerCNoAFQ==The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)404.01.4561939932152673.01.00.05.0.2.8737623762376243398445411 - strongly disagree10255 - strongly agree832267UNF:6:xUsnAWNllstq8IQYwKl60Q==The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following2.948019801980198404.0.5.01.46752134494525843.01.00.04443226255 - strongly agree9511 - strongly disagree9633108UNF:6:iz+4KkoALqnTUGoUkA7U2w==Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)0.03.1806930693069306.5.01.30451535541275891.0404.03.03312511 - strongly disagree50446655 - strongly agree902273UNF:6:ibhbm08mn3C6OGzGZTQCww==The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)404.01.03.35396039603960450.0.5.01.28590725845055643.03312811 - strongly disagree42447355 - strongly agree1052256UNF:6:1z6tZnUHGvqvYwCSoztV6w==Age18.042.87623762376238574.0.0.042.514.42150068776878404.0UNF:6:B1GxMcb49sxeVf318ekx9w==Age group3.251.4690774607242263404.0.3.00.06.01.0336-4582226-3583556-6562665+27118-2557446-5593UNF:6:wKJkOJ29Fguug5flk8Cf0w==Gender3.01.53217821782178241.0.2.00.0404.00.51426712692628353Other / don't want to answer31Male1922Female209UNF:6:ZYkDiGf0jcWTqNe6vDbbog==Education Level4.01.0404.03.02.9034653465346536.1.03203663893600830.04Higher university education1681Primary or lower education293Higher non-university education582Secondary149UNF:6:AO3QogXR8bIyo2UuxZr96g==Mother tongue2.07.0.1.25887508479964061.02.76485148514851440.0404.06Polish11Lithuanian73Estonian05Ukrainian12Latvian2634Russian1177Other15UNF:6:kNDjXPIvIdQrzKQfTQwdWw==Occupational status1.0.2.02696608366093053.03.3861386138613868.0404.00.01Highest, middle-level manager447Retiree376Unemployed318Student, pupil194Entrepreneur272Specialist, office worker1353Worker, technical staff1035Farmer8UNF:6:iU93SDKRbbeIWRR37LQ+eQ==Monthly net income1.41074352125238242.7277227722772275.0.02.01.0404.07.063001-4000 EUR62501-1000 EUR12931001-1500 EUR10052001-3000 EUR337Over 4000 EUR1041501-2000 EUR491Up to 500 EUR77UNF:6:d2OaJTxXzw0n2zEkpXAjBQ==Marital and Family Status3.00.6076072304097511.1.86633663366336690.02.0404.01.03Other511Single, not married1052Married or living in an unregistered partnership248UNF:6:9bW6YU9pzhD99FCo4LKnJA==Location.404.01.01.00.86736834058137053.01.76237623762376240.03Rural areas1151Major cities2112Other cities, regional center78UNF:6:tLbjKz8wZn40Lt9hmPC0LQ==Survey questionaire_EN (4).docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document