Unifying morality’s influence on non-moral judgments: The relevance of alternative possibilitiesdoi:10.7910/DVN/9WKDRKHarvard Dataverse2020-11-192Phillips, Jonathan; Luguri, Jamie; Knobe, Joshua, 2020, "Unifying morality’s influence on non-moral judgments: The relevance of alternative possibilities", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/9WKDRK, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:6:UI1nlM5TiC/YKXedYxXhhA== [fileUNF]Unifying morality’s influence on non-moral judgments: The relevance of alternative possibilitiesdoi:10.7910/DVN/9WKDRKPhillips, JonathanLuguri, JamieKnobe, JoshuaHarvard DataversePhillips, JonathanPhillips, Jonathan2020-11-16Social SciencesPast work has demonstrated that people’s moral judgments can influence their judgments in a number of domains that might seem to involve straightforward matters of fact, including judgments about freedom, causation, the doing/allowing distinction, and intentional action. The present studies explore whether the effect of morality in these four domains can be explained by changes in the relevance of alternative possibilities. More precisely, we propose that moral judgment influences the degree to which people regard certain alternative possibilities as relevant, which in turn impacts intuitions about freedom, causation, doing/allowing, and intentional action. Employing the stimuli used in previous research, Studies 1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a show that the relevance of alternatives is influenced by moral judgments and mediates the impact of morality on non-moral judgments. Studies 1b, 2b, 3b, and 4b then provide direct empirical evidence for the link between the relevance of alternatives and judgments in these four domains by manipulating (rather than measuring) the relevance of alternative possibilities. Lastly, Study 5 demonstrates that the critical mechanism is not whether alternative possibilities are considered, but whether they are regarded as relevant. 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Please imagine the following scenario.238.00.01.01.00.01.0.1.0UNF:6:Ws/FghLXnzRlonV8bre4yw==Dr. Bennett is an emergency-room physician. An unconscious homeless man is brought in, and his ident...1.00.01.01.00.0238.01.0.UNF:6:Ws/FghLXnzRlonV8bre4yw==Please think about the doctor's decision to disconnect that man from the respirator. 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Answering....2.0084033613445381.0238.02.03.00.00.20523931978370561Yes43Maybe62No228UNF:6:gM2GOWXVVDeooSbG1L7FBQ==Debriefing � Thank you for participating in this research study! You have assisted us in conduct...1.0238.01.01.0.1.00.00.0UNF:6:Ws/FghLXnzRlonV8bre4yw==Your validation code for mTurk is 673029Please click the button below to submit your results before...1.00.01.0238.01.00.0.1.0UNF:6:Ws/FghLXnzRlonV8bre4yw==2.01.00.43635707958225060.0.236.00.00.254237288135594150liberal1761conservative60UNF:6:7Io/lFwMzqFcqhJhp4VDyQ==3.28-1.72000000000000022.00.2799999999999998236.01.2882097317666834-0.003898305084744289.UNF:6:RMKFIm0cgQyGnzug16uUZA==238.00.86629642510684013.280.0-1.7200000000000002-0.018823529411765430.0.UNF:6:k62tirrh+Y5l8Yc5mkVjog==UNF:6:fgUZYdiCkS0OuAPmBQH1yQ==1.0.401.02.01.51122194513715852.00.00.5004985046103604UNF:6:AK+YeVHOfacoQ3hSxELuHg==1.03.0.2.0587021066899820.03.548628428927678401.07.0UNF:6:ExaDkj47PZt4MKiDTl4qTA==7.0401.03.89027431421446052.43267962842697164.00.01.0.UNF:6:ta25C6IyNptUC+8oVUE7lw==6.02.03.0399.01.2638522270654482.2.87468671679197961.0UNF:6:IQe0UQJiWMChXbMJpKVQUg==.1.01.06.02.2618453865336661.605853538164338401.00.0UNF:6:0gsjJNp6Kb1utyLn8r+oNw==401.01.3665835411471321.00.00.4824733657192159.2.01.0UNF:6:8g8r5lP+QkJV4xifQIWj2w==.401.029.010.30239724663300618.071.031.925187032418950.0UNF:6:ctVv1Q+DVHFYNS2qiD5l0Q==2.01.5864661654135341.01.1416805444435323.5.01.0399.0UNF:6:oWsglBscUaydCusRMTSrNw==UNF:6:lKgb5Tctp+dND4Yd6sOrag==1.06.02.01.12362419354551182.1251.0.400.0UNF:6:MobZ441QDRvdM9ZSvs6csQ==7.01.04.4513715710723222.0587021066899820.05.0401.0.UNF:6:BNtaicRBiE8a4tC5zRYCVQ==subjUNF:6:fgUZYdiCkS0OuAPmBQH1yQ==condition2.02.00.50049850461036040.0.1.51122194513715851.0401.0UNF:6:AK+YeVHOfacoQ3hSxELuHg==mediator3.03.5486284289276780.07.0401.01.02.058702106689982.UNF:6:ExaDkj47PZt4MKiDTl4qTA==dv401.07.03.89027431421446054.0.0.02.43267962842697161.0UNF:6:ta25C6IyNptUC+8oVUE7lw==politics3.02.02.87468671679197961.26385222706544826.0399.01.0.UNF:6:IQe0UQJiWMChXbMJpKVQUg==religion2.261845386533666.1.0401.01.06.00.01.605853538164338UNF:6:0gsjJNp6Kb1utyLn8r+oNw==gender0.0.1.01.3665835411471322.00.48247336571921591.0401.0UNF:6:8g8r5lP+QkJV4xifQIWj2w==age0.0.18.031.9251870324189529.010.302397246633006401.071.0UNF:6:ctVv1Q+DVHFYNS2qiD5l0Q==race1.01.1416805444435323399.01.5864661654135345.01.0.2.0UNF:6:oWsglBscUaydCusRMTSrNw==race_TEXTUNF:6:lCTJbfP72HueMISAgew1Nw==income1.12362412401560060.0401.06.0.2.01.02.1221945137157108UNF:6:8BmO0OHME6l8+EoidWWa5w==ResponseIDUNF:6:gD8hqWiIBsqb+vP9YDpSAg==ResponseSetUNF:6:g9TJWHaUZr4ZCL/+y8unfA==NameUNF:6:AJurTdzyWabSGqp+Wwe/DQ==ExternalDataReferenceUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==EmailUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==IPAddressUNF:6:EQZYvjNq5UTbpG6X8coeaw==StatusUNF:6:3ipH10sj+pePEvkPmyJqOA==StartDateUNF:6:IO/c4QN4u4S7lK/cN8ALQQ==EndDateUNF:6:ACBJinMJV10Szmq1H9Gtww==Finished1.01.01.0.0.00.0228.01.0UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==mTurkCodeUNF:6:a/dWKzbr8vAX+HuR07iggg==Research Informed Consent Attitudes � Purpose: � We are conducting a research study to exam...1.00.00.0228.0.1.01.01.01I agree228UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==Thank you for agreeing to participate in our study! Please imagine the following scenario- you will be asked questions about it afterwards.1.00.01.0228.0.1.00.01.0UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==The vice-president of a company went to the chairman of the board and said, ?We are thinking of starting a new program.� It will help us increase profits.� It would also shift our consumer base...228.01.00.0.1.01.01.00.0UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==Browser Meta Info-BrowserUNF:6:VKTRtNvwUi+LffAAxMCQAA==Browser Meta Info-VersionUNF:6:4V7tnOtzwKWW2JkHdF+TFQ==Browser Meta Info-Operating SystemUNF:6:ACre1JEmgLo7f3QhixKraQ==Browser Meta Info-Screen ResolutionUNF:6:DYhvmDA43L9LNN8s2z72aw==Browser Meta Info-Flash VersionUNF:6:e32MqfKYkazlQspCthrv2g==Browser Meta Info-Java SupportUNF:6:2zR6ujPg7RguJx01WMEaNA==Browser Meta Info-User AgentUNF:6:5iaVWYZ0FcqgBky5F9fopg==Timing-First Click.1745.799228.00.00.017.46366666666664150.981743201142170.0UNF:6:XEIkwlFKbDaErlGoTjsXlg==Timing-Last Click1750.34299999999980.00.00.0.228.0151.2326521494156318.901728070175423UNF:6:jfwxxG2i5OR8g5XNMo/Y1A==Timing-Page Submit0.0228.0152.235806220483116.8714999999999971751.1760.037.635293859649124.UNF:6:a+1/rsSqoUjqJz9lVMHdQQ==Timing-Click Count0.84649122807017580.0228.00.0.2.2718611914134310.022.0UNF:6:l72eqr8IeJvYAtri8bPMwQ==Consider the attitude the chairman of the board had toward the shifting consumer base. Please consider and describe what might have happened if he had specifically wanted to avoid shifting the c...UNF:6:0ad7mRmzUUGZtGc6psVaaA==1.00.53947368421052561.00.00.499536070417382.228.00.0UNF:6:1SekqNyb+of5YLYGxFSvQA==Consider the attitude the chairman of the board had toward the shifting consumer base. Please consider and describe what might have happened if he had specifically wanted to shift the consumer base...UNF:6:vt0oJsbW2i4FlJVUOwkC4Q==Please rate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement. The chairman of the board intentionally shifted the company's consumer base to be slightly older.228.03.07.02.0076752024866891.00.03.1754385964912286.1Strongly disagree646&nbsp;172&nbsp;474&nbsp;225&nbsp;317Strongly agree203&nbsp;27UNF:6:79IPgQqfKPuDaQ+GRYpxxg==Political Orientation2.84649122807017553.01.06.0.0.0228.01.3693099213529656Very Conservative103&nbsp;575&nbsp;171Very Liberal432&nbsp;574&nbsp;44UNF:6:Mw3Ra2gwoLtxc4UKLY2Xhw==How religious are you?2.37885462555066061.01.0.6.0227.01.76672601333834021.03&nbsp;125&nbsp;304&nbsp;201Not at All Religious1202&nbsp;296Extremely Religious16UNF:6:P3Sa1o90CaiW92juQrVuRQ==Your Gender0.01.3114035087719298228.01.00.464086193560759031.0.2.02Female711Male157UNF:6:aYlxrsosx4dp6tgJ4IIyVw==Your Age:.31.464912280701753228.010.02347889044324719.00.070.029.0UNF:6:ytwy2A183UBrcYwKIJb65g==Race/Ethnicity:1.01.0227.01.0487326457095291.01.52863436123348034.0.4Asian292Black155Other, please specify:01White1743Latino/a9UNF:6:TCHWqbk1abFWPbpBGuTC7A==Race/Ethnicity:-TEXTUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==What is your income level?2.1491228070175437.228.01.1927272722988592.06.00.01.06$150,000 - $249,99944$75,000 - $99,999201less than $25,000823$50,000 - $74,999397more than $250,00002$25,000 - $49,999765$100,000 - $149,9997UNF:6:vxhQ2BDLi87048C2oyrGUg==Debriefing � Thank you for participating in this research study! You have assisted us in conducting our research and, more broadly, have contributed to knowledge in the field of social psycho...1.00.01.01.01.0.228.00.0UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==Your validation code for mTurk is 837592 Please click the button below to submit your results before returning to mturk.0.01.01.01.00.01.0228.0.UNF:6:pbY9fvJvHvGWUF5EPvlLnA==Display Order: Block 1UNF:6:MnKj4FGLt7UDFqj2k0mdhQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:24tuPd9GRZPsbToBG+aKqQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLatitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:7cUPiuzxeH7bDh0Qs92lfg==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationLongitudeUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:kbx948KU2oNvsdPOchDOTQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==LocationAccuracyUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==subjUNF:6:gD8hqWiIBsqb+vP9YDpSAg==condition1.01.46052631578947431.00.00.499536070417382228.0.2.0UNF:6:0qjzOIoZrqvKTusspJDKKA==descriptionUNF:6:d6hRAu/9LBi6M8IneO+tRg==dv0.0228.03.17543859649122863.07.0.2.0076752024866891.0UNF:6:79IPgQqfKPuDaQ+GRYpxxg==politics228.00.06.03.01.3693099213529652.84649122807017551.0.UNF:6:Mw3Ra2gwoLtxc4UKLY2Xhw==religionUNF:6:wMfCIwWtMonLjhDvDTtw9g==gender0.464086193560759031.3114035087719298.0.01.0228.02.01.0UNF:6:aYlxrsosx4dp6tgJ4IIyVw==age31.46491228070175319.0.10.0234788904432470.070.0228.029.0UNF:6:ytwy2A183UBrcYwKIJb65g==raceUNF:6:sh8bU3g7hsOsCxo2Cnu5UA==race_TEXTUNF:6:5wr1Wp5/kqYkHVHHk/jIYQ==income0.0228.01.01.1927272722988592.14912280701754372.06.0.UNF:6:vxhQ2BDLi87048C2oyrGUg==subjUNF:6:41TbS3LcppHWMTnNcnDoJA==condition250.01.00.00.00.00.5002168204587674.0.4719999999999991UNF:6:RHZwF/krEmLHNpsCg0qjMg==possibility_result1.0250.01.00.00.68400000000000030.00.4658455196658778.UNF:6:hpcsjq9/jjSLoIHAAXG4qQ==generatedPossibilityUNF:6:ovDNWlZQfZ1J+cq0PeZFrQ==dv1.21384913349044181.0.7.00.0250.01.01.9079999999999995UNF:6:oYpSYG2WK5vbb4MT1edSeA==politics3.06.00.01.35767341744387651.02.936.250.0UNF:6:gr55x5pOrnoGTMd3rVai5Q==religion.1.0250.01.66756923352356632.3446.02.00.0UNF:6:DUo64RfXqL9R2GhLTm5LAA==gender1.45600000000000022.00.499059356153009170.01.01.0.250.0UNF:6:rkUfywsNF9TgZxRD0e/LCw==age10.882361874799512.18.01.034.29317269076305249.031.069.0UNF:6:MwGbQyRMYRPMC7xguzUxCQ==race248.01.02.0.1.4354838709677421.05.00.9877134719000272UNF:6:aDfDY9znHcaM2S05HB6YFA==race_TEXTUNF:6:rh7Lo5Etroxt1X4t5LHmWg==income2.6962.07.0.0.0250.01.35162552737992711.0UNF:6:GCV6XaEpD0QlLmn9xijw/A==Fig1.pngimage/pngFig2.pngimage/pngFig3.pngimage/pngFig4.pngimage/pngFig5.pngimage/pngMediation_Output.spvapplication/octet-streamRelevanceOfAlternatives.pdfapplication/pdfRoA_analyses.Rtype/x-r-syntaxstudy1a.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy1a.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy1b.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy1b.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy2a.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy2a.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy2b.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy2b.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy3a.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy3a.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy3b.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy3b.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy4a.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy4a.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy4b.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy4b.qsfapplication/octet-streamstudy5.docxapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentstudy5.qsfapplication/octet-stream