State Cannabis Policy Bundlesdoi:10.7910/DVN/2SB7ZFHarvard Dataverse2024-12-175Mallinson, Daniel; Richardson, Lilliard E. Jr.; Neeley, Grant W.; Altaf, Shazib, 2024, "State Cannabis Policy Bundles", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/2SB7ZF, Harvard Dataverse, V5, UNF:6:e7rQjSJnNwaZSv7VHNzvwA== [fileUNF]State Cannabis Policy Bundlesdoi:10.7910/DVN/2SB7ZFMallinson, DanielRichardson, Lilliard E. Jr.Neeley, Grant W.Altaf, ShazibHarvard DataverseMallinson, DanielMallinson, Daniel2024-03-05Social SciencescannabisMeasures for three cannabis policy bundles: pharmaceutical, permissive, and fiscal. Measured for the 50 U.S. states from 1994 to 2023. Policies are measured both as adopted and implemented.<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>Richardson, Lilliard E. Jr., Daniel J. Mallinson, Shazib Altaf, and Grant W. Neeley. (2024). U.S. State Cannabis Policy Bundles Dataset.Richardson, Lilliard E. Jr., Daniel J. Mallinson, Shazib Altaf, and Grant W. Neeley. (2024). U.S. State Cannabis Policy Bundles Dataset.MML RCL Policies 12225.tab1500121text/tab-separated-valuesUNF:6:e7rQjSJnNwaZSv7VHNzvwA==Policy data used for factor analysis.State UNF:6:ryTBrwuooN4g5iFhCHpasA==State AbUNF:6:WDUmGyn7z3rhkMzyjy/B2Q==FIPS0.015.629481544540248.29.32066666666680356.01.01500.029.5UNF:6:xf4G1usBlsrW3wWNS6iwFA==Year1994.08.6583280389241292008.51500.0.2023.00.02008.5UNF:6:AeKBfeqAX7PmGhjjixiA/A==MML Approved0.3326666666666658.0.00.01.00.00.47132542260263341500.0UNF:6:a9HhnmTzDBWPSOXNbeYb5Q==MML Imp0.01500.00.00.29266666666666660.45513842899560580.01.0.UNF:6:WFmkLC0XxYr9vhzAJ5Pvhw==Ballot Measure0.19286356090331205.1.00.00.01500.00.00.0386666666666667UNF:6:4sbNzKNdwT/hg8x515SYKw==BM passed0.00.01500.00.163107198474964520.00.0273333333333334561.0.UNF:6:9rhZsI0WGqH4W7C1uWGKkQ==Legislative Action1500.0.0.363607429054832340.00.156666666666666820.01.00.0UNF:6:so3bM/26BxGMMBfCdTHSRQ==State Court Sig Action1.00.0.0.00.166923528994297081500.00.00.028666666666666608UNF:6:hHuKdS2h/Eusp7U/8tb2Qg==Rec Cann approved0.27748032402343187.1.00.00.01500.00.084000000000000230.0UNF:6:kaCEfWOzbuWTlJRh9TT2ig==PharmApp1.92200000000000130.00.00.03.06869036784683761500.0.10.0UNF:6:RHBHJNk0B3d52OWcBXA8Cg==PharmImp0.0.0.02.8291267547340341500.00.01.606666666666669110.0UNF:6:iY2ldbdb4DYRS6y0LueihA==PermissiveApp0.00.01500.0.9.01.4513333333333312.2441752242595270.0UNF:6:VHDHxT52aawOXMo124OOWQ==PermissiveImp0.01500.02.1980689768613721.37733333333333330.09.00.0.UNF:6:vicP1Y36LRMtf/TFF6u/pg==FiscalApp.1500.01.27866666666666682.5292837734214740.00.011.00.0UNF:6:z31uMK5W9fyyLiqMvBotiQ==FiscalImp1500.00.02.27890901182770241.00599999999999980.0.10.00.0UNF:6:/5Pge+7oKONBrPiPHh7skA==PharmAppScale1500.0.25.5724079411226816.016333170572930.00.083.300003051757810.0UNF:6:zSvpdAKCM/vB2EhfuhnfnA==PharmImpScale0.01500.00.023.575955631847457.13.388533201853410.083.30000305175781UNF:6:3vBYgKAf2oODf23r7Sumpw==PermissiveAppScale.0.00.012.09019996770226375.018.70312664765481500.00.0UNF:6:05B4dYHvarW7818dq4dWMw==PermissiveImpScale75.018.31895102740680.01500.0.0.011.4735332972208450.0UNF:6:kwgtzttPE53wtP3g0nA2iw==FiscalAppScale.0.091.6999969482421910.654933337529490.01500.021.076154571724550.0UNF:6:qXLEhLn5xrB3yoly7YFnow==FiscalImpScale0.0.0.018.9890701390351741500.00.08.38266668701173383.30000305175781UNF:6:QiXw5WsyNpjnc/T/KZSMeg==PharmAppScaleZ16.0163331705729325.572407941122680.083.300003051757811500.00.0.0.0UNF:6:zSvpdAKCM/vB2EhfuhnfnA==PharmImpScaleZ83.300003051757811500.013.388533201853410.00.00.0.23.575955631847457UNF:6:3vBYgKAf2oODf23r7Sumpw==PermissiveAppScaleZ18.70312664765480.00.0.75.01500.00.012.090199967702263UNF:6:05B4dYHvarW7818dq4dWMw==PermissiveImpScaleZ11.47353329722084575.00.01500.00.00.0.18.3189510274068UNF:6:kwgtzttPE53wtP3g0nA2iw==FiscalAppScaleZ21.076154571724550.00.00.010.65493333752949.1500.091.69999694824219UNF:6:qXLEhLn5xrB3yoly7YFnow==FiscalImpScaleZ0.08.382666687011733.0.083.300003051757810.01500.018.989070139035174UNF:6:QiXw5WsyNpjnc/T/KZSMeg==Growing App0.42600115569848190.01.00.00.238000000000000351500.0.0.0UNF:6:itbpJ9kh5m/MIrTtoRBxpg==Growing Imp0.391903833397908350.00.00.01500.00.18933333333333313.1.0UNF:6:PJbJ28MSMMc0eZDwpmeVkQ==Testing App0.01500.00.4016261143034197.1.00.201999999999999740.00.0UNF:6:zKEKS7n1WSrTN56/OR8gBQ==Testing Imp0.00.16199999999999980.0.0.01.00.368573689207802541500.0UNF:6:xxP3IG6ICVML4hXT7w2cPA==Disp Restricted MML App.1.00.00.152666666666666730.359785842954872040.00.01500.0UNF:6:t1NtEFPkDUr+6/S9h8fMSQ==Disp Restricted MML Imp0.01500.01.0.0.113999999999999780.31791725483309650.00.0UNF:6:lmkmFrhWE9eaDHvfsXOgfA==Pharm MML Disp App .1.01500.00.00.00.0486666666666666840.00.21524197614409943UNF:6:pmYtNKeJyr/tT/QEUGr47w==Pharm MML Disp Imp0.039333333333333250.19445161311266190.0.0.01.01500.00.0UNF:6:EXsPjdfvzKpoYyB4uuYo6g==Nonprofit MML Disp App0.00.28723026135416591500.00.0.1.00.090666666666666280.0UNF:6:hF4lPTXoQGdy8DbCjN8fRA==Nonprofit MML Disp Imp0.01.0.1500.00.00.254104837421791240.00.06933333333333357UNF:6:qnJbGZr34Z4m1aJusdtqlg==Local Option MML App0.28627720206869810.089999999999999460.0.1.01500.00.00.0UNF:6:5vFrjoIrRTqeDquiHf9uXQ==Loca Option MML Imp0.00.08133333333333340.00.27343750218400090.0.1500.01.0UNF:6:cekKzAeEvms2L0nxOZxFfw==MML Registration Mand App0.44816280516492124.0.01.01500.00.00.27800000000000040.0UNF:6:Mr8CJOKxtGuCWnJbXuxSxA==MML Registration Mand Imp.0.01.00.246000000000000220.430822165739335130.01500.00.0UNF:6:BeiWvCPkicIbjOVz96J2tQ==Renew Annual MML App1.01500.00.00.00.0.0.26866666666666570.4434139896301045UNF:6:YJ4WqZHD1Paw9FZe4qGb8Q==Renew Annual MML Imp0.00.00.00.234666666666666251500.01.0.0.42393163864595684UNF:6:Bj8rygjwF10HhpXA/jOOkw==Bona Fide Doc MML App0.00.0.0.207333333333333041500.00.00.405531576405415261.0UNF:6:SzxyAX0PwoWm4hAmyTQa5w==Bona Fide Doc MML Imp0.385422611274618960.01500.00.0.0.181333333333332820.01.0UNF:6:GJ5xGAozr+53gU8hpSg/UA==Caregiver Limit MML App.0.00.42054424324824831500.00.229333333333333530.01.00.0UNF:6:P8uOLzPNMYIVDE96ecC0uA==Caregiver Limit MML Imp0.0.0.198666666666666551.00.01500.00.00.39912958443635665UNF:6:ryV75TpwgyoeDpK2kxuFhA==MML tax exempt App0.01500.00.075333333333333520.00.26401646163999476.0.01.0UNF:6:LAn0zvxbjQHWUPq2BqSV4w==MML tax exempt Imp.0.065333333333333230.2471955217492230.00.01500.00.01.0UNF:6:QkM72SI4feaPlVE7SaS6qA==No smoking MML App0.01500.01.00.04133333333333298.0.199126399817533050.00.0UNF:6:ZPrrjmmWDi3GHI04VPfhXA==No Smoking MML Imp0.00.01.0.0.15718787349518410.00.025333333333333121500.0UNF:6:X+idxCixjFuNYWguzkepgA==Supply Gray App .0.00.072666666666666680.01500.01.00.00.25967513616012483UNF:6:yvLgI2VhKNvoX6X28y2rKw==Supply Gray Imp0.0.0.069333333333333460.00.25410483742179310.01.01500.0UNF:6:tUrLZjH3GmMzc+JPEPmr7g==Cooperatives App0.25297078560142160.068666666666666431500.01.00.0.0.00.0UNF:6:T2qxWjDKZE3g1G05HKDuBw==Cooperatives Imp1500.00.06866666666666643.0.01.00.00.25297078560142160.0UNF:6:T2qxWjDKZE3g1G05HKDuBw==Home Cult App1.00.01500.00.22600000000000012.0.00.418378648828859170.0UNF:6:D6T0RbTvvyIXEt3MA7UAIg==Home Cult Imp0.413479784968105450.00.0.0.218666666666666451.01500.00.0UNF:6:CbCrv3R9tQDpHtQ7b2pqCA==High Plants MML App0.06466666666666631500.00.0.0.00.01.00.24601877783668122UNF:6:kbZ0j4FW+eiC78wZo9UUag==High Plants MML Imp1500.00.0.0.241235976858804130.062000000000000010.00.01.0UNF:6:LZAhN105V350Brs5N02i/w==Caregiver MML No Limit App.0.095333333333333640.01500.00.293772741822848071.00.00.0UNF:6:eKmnPKAurNLCIiwuupNVcw==Caregiver MML No Limit Imp0.08866666666666596.0.01500.01.00.00.00.28435680887233167UNF:6:nT+xwPQOGKbE1wmim7y4kQ==Allforms legal MML App0.00.45452827509128380.29133333333333261500.01.00.00.0.UNF:6:YQ/hMIG1pjGFfyLQ6kaB6A==Allforms legal MML Imp1500.00.268666666666665670.00.01.00.44341398963010437.0.0UNF:6:eU3HVuOaSrhd/Zr+R87oUg==High Usable MML App1.00.0.0.00.2814398001876130.01500.00.08666666666666704UNF:6:zw/L9Y8EUuw6+19ZtXz7fw==High Usable MML Imp0.080666666666667220.272413340791247740.01500.0.1.00.00.0UNF:6:nO/s6opE6Xo71ESvxCwgJw==Rec Cult App0.01.01500.00.077333333333333210.0.0.267208699736804830.0UNF:6:bTnr6GvYgQcGiCwIb5vAXQ==Rec Cult Imp0.06999999999999985.0.00.01.00.00.255232107997088561500.0UNF:6:4xqhAQ9JNVZawiC1rxpTLw==High RCL Ounces App0.161161008940615361.01500.00.00.00.026666666666666623.0.0UNF:6:yCqvCPHRF3p1B65k3BphzA==High RCL Ounces Imp0.01500.0.0.155158859678440121.00.00.00.02466666666666671UNF:6:JWBRu6C7EQvb/TeHSpxT/A==Home Cult RCL App1500.00.258574116484636350.00.07200000000000048.0.00.01.0UNF:6:zfC30FYSrpYbPbEzFq4fdw==Home Cult RCL Imp0.065333333333333260.00.00.0.0.247195521749226181500.01.0UNF:6:ueP4+z5W/idGCj8D1v/MhQ==High Plant RCL App1500.0.0.17247044072585930.0306666666666665371.00.00.00.0UNF:6:x5MCdaDu4vKFfs9VfeajPQ==High Plant RCL Imp0.026000000000000140.0.0.00.15918823426775441.00.01500.0UNF:6:bzKQLFOp+0gLBVG90I0ovg==Possession No Jail No Felon App0.0.0.33933333333333351500.00.473640981555119470.01.00.0UNF:6:D6MxUvQ6zQanqhFInnUE3Q==Possession No Jail No Felon Imp.0.33466666666666761.00.00.472031176063976150.00.01500.0UNF:6:QkhNvHC4CBo747TJ4htVpw==Disp App0.00.01.00.238000000000000350.01500.0.0.4260011556984819UNF:6:itbpJ9kh5m/MIrTtoRBxpg==Disp Imp0.38869732778943190.0.0.00.185333333333333770.01.01500.0UNF:6:lN8PvUwud3wp9LwyKOE00A==Disp Fee High App0.00.00.01.0.1500.00.28723026135416530.09066666666666658UNF:6:VEY9BkbfBqjxbBRcoJYRaw==Disp Fee High Imp1500.0.0.00.00.267208699736803331.00.077333333333333140.0UNF:6:0qlepnPUX+kNNBDkPCx1IA==No Disp Limit MML App 0.075999999999999984.01500.0.0.00.00.00.2797788128553455UNF:6:SszJdZ3j9xPUFu4sm2SxSQ==No Disp Limit MML Imp.0.062666666666666520.01500.01.00.00.00.24244327456777173UNF:6:6iQxvOvfufAod0y9VzcmNg==Commercial MML Disp App0.0.0.151333333333333151500.01.00.00.00.35849300371326903UNF:6:6hymzxnW/azTydrLd+CXSA==Commercial MML Disp Imp0.00.123333333333333431500.01.00.32892909842408950.00.0.UNF:6:46xR+WIsWfiM/1CZiCNtpw==Grow Fee High App0.120.01.01500.00.32506991088785950.00.0.UNF:6:mIOk9UMXoGNrbhdwh52Rrw==Grow Fee High Imp0.297413802605032640.01500.00.00.098000000000000030.0.1.0UNF:6:XzOoHinMg4xD8akvMyHxLA==MML tax App0.00.00.01.01500.0.0.125333333333333050.3312069155419662UNF:6:k7Ly1gQmaP3xrw6v4ISpoA==MML tax Imp0.00.00.10266666666666680.0.1.01500.00.30362424256967124UNF:6:3cy/rVcV7hcU+mrpfFaqNQ==Hi MML Tax App 0.113999999999999640.01.0.0.317917254833096630.01500.00.0UNF:6:Le3UNAD5jQrZRTQb4Qa30w==Hi MML Tax Imp0.0.0.00.29006145208595660.092666666666666981.00.01500.0UNF:6:7b4OI9oH2HFGbdKFPhy4LQ==Other States MML App0.113333333333333370.00.31710554421675671.00.01500.00.0.UNF:6:RTxBaQ3VPcIBlughZfevFA==Other States MML Imp0.0.0.283389378229195240.08800000000000010.01500.00.01.0UNF:6:IIm3piXaswR13ImwuJ5Jzw==Rec Cann Disp App0.080666666666667110.27241334079124535.1.00.01500.00.00.0UNF:6:909S3ZYCBcQC6+av6eK/Kg==Rec Cann Disp Imp0.00.233821402567999851.01500.0.0.00.058000000000000130.0UNF:6:8EhyqfXvyN1T524+e2kgKw==Wholesale Tax High RCL App1.01500.00.18800475015171084.0.036666666666666850.00.00.0UNF:6:lHQW//o7lBob5fyD+PmL7A==Wholesale Tax High RCL Imp1.00.00.1591882342677528.0.00.0260000000000001761500.00.0UNF:6:gRpA6be2zyQxc5hKxGLUtQ==Retail Tax RCL High App0.074666666666666660.0.1500.00.00.26294038738930361.00.0UNF:6:rbL91nbz1fhzwlnUzofjvA==Retail Tax RCL High Imp0.01500.00.052000000000000070.222101071415582750.01.0.0.0UNF:6:3lLrjOpmx1rbZyZxcp6yUg==State Sales Tax High RCL App0.233821402567998940.0.1.00.01500.00.058000000000000130.0UNF:6:jevwossRgRRSmCPqi7TIeg==State Sales Tax High RCL Imp1500.0.0.040000000000000030.01.00.196024531827150570.00.0UNF:6:USE0TWG7kVcELf+3+HcBJA==Disp Application Fee.30588.962568805890.01500.00.00.0650000.05158.758666666648UNF:6:4BVDuarrWiX9mPYh24zzQQ==Disp Annual Fee 0.0.8350.8586666666450.00.042143.154049891271500.0650000.0UNF:6:7Viw9EyYcDYsNyu00L2Atg==Grow Application Fee650000.00.01500.00.08780.126666666649.40016.385214155630.0UNF:6:W44XSr2IVMPm7Wo0NybiNg==Grow Annual Fee0.010875.4039999999660.00.01500.0.38394.2668633678650000.0UNF:6:3OxX2G+TeQvYS9MsAQksXA==Number Disp Limit0.01500.08.092666666666668.39.99860003665336484.00.00.0UNF:6:CfN6j6bRGhxxLKftXzuBTQ==Caregiver patient number MML0.00.7406666666666654.10.00.00.01500.01.644956983593818UNF:6:zeSv1X2KU7RhUKXOVAEbkw==MML tax rate0.827249999999999915.02.4259361687928616.1500.00.00.00.0UNF:6:a9TgM2S0xjW9TvfDd+dQRw==MML Usable ounces.0.09.0342780295193580.02.22900800044337850.0128.01500.0UNF:6:lBH5xYZaQuzLfFeDptwd2g==Plants mature MML1500.0.0.00.015.00.03.34794345419250751.472666666666665UNF:6:dBsLaNp1fQ23OIU9u7Pafg==Rec Oz/ Usable limit in ounces for adult use recreational0.156666666666666981500.0.0.00.08.00.75575767853724620.0UNF:6:O8kephPnjsefxhID88Lhpw==Plants Mature RCL .1.35256713232795530.012.00.00.335333333333331650.01500.0UNF:6:UymhZRumq3eBwaHFwjOFGg==Retail tax rate RCL1500.00.00.00.04.4162432907621731.0919999999999983.37.0UNF:6:EnbgRHte11OqPT0FGekiJQ==Retail tax RCL App0.26076980170617631500.01.00.00.0.0.073333333333333320.0UNF:6:GNTWg2NUrww2Q/udiiy0qg==Retail tax RCL Imp.1.00.0513333333333333560.01500.00.00.220750332642549760.0UNF:6:lmGwTy83RTCB8mp+kxJcsA==State Sales Tax Rate RCL1500.00.00.0.0.00.33999999936421728.4499998092651371.4157838058482042UNF:6:bMWW+YteLiGGKj6d4LLIrw==State Sales Tax RCL App1.0.0.0586666666666666660.00.235078136036194620.00.01500.0UNF:6:9FW8EHd9ldEjlin4Agc5fw==State Sales Tax RCL Imp0.00.00.042000000000000091500.00.200656028802020580.01.0.UNF:6:GMvPhugr78sUOqyA6txCxw==Wholesale Tax Rate RCL0.00.01500.00.5473866657813334.0.035.03.147293904643366UNF:6:Z8EAUwgtIhwrhKEEh5ySLg==Wholesale RCL Tax App.1500.00.00.00.037333333333333691.00.189640531646195020.0UNF:6:vsQVu0+w6UdLPFKACoqFug==Wholesale RCL Tax Imp0.00.01.01500.00.0.0.163107198474962880.027333333333333567UNF:6:mXgL5gP0jcObi/35bQJlYQ==Appendix for ER - Policy Bundles Scaling Construction_stamped.pdfOriginal factor analysis confirming the policy bundles (1994-2020). Source: https://works.bepress.com/grant_neeley/27/. application/pdfCannabis Policies Condensed Data 81425.xlsxThis file is the primary one that researchers will use. It contains the adoption and implementation bundles, as well as state and year identifiers for merging with other datasets. Small corrections made 8-14-25application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetCannabis Policies Full Dataset 81425.xlsxThis is the full dataset of all bundle components and the bundles themselves. Small corrections made 8-14-25application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetMML data work 12025.docxResults of the updated factor analysis using the 1994-2023 measures. application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentMML factor analysis 12025.doUpdated factor analysis using 1994-2023 data. STATA do file. application/x-stata-syntax