<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/"><dcterms:title>Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries</dcterms:title><dcterms:identifier>https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV</dcterms:identifier><dcterms:creator>Plikynas, Darius</dcterms:creator><dcterms:publisher>Harvard Dataverse</dcterms:publisher><dcterms:issued>2026-04-03</dcterms:issued><dcterms:modified>2026-04-03T18:22:42Z</dcterms:modified><dcterms:description>This dataset is designed to study the social impact of propaganda in the three Baltic countries. Respondents from each Baltic country - Lithuania (LT), Latvia (LV), and Estonia (EE) used the same questionnaire, which had been translated into their respective national languages. Most of the questions were quantitative estimates on a Likert scale (1–5), but multiple-choice questions were also used. An online survey was conducted in 2025 by the data company Solid Data based on our questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of 63 questions. A total of 1,218 respondents were collected across Estonia (409), Lithuania (405), and Latvia (404). 
The survey comprised three main sections (Q1, Q2 and Q3), each with sub-questions. The set of questions in Q1 was designed to investigate the social context and environment of propaganda and disinformation, exploring the environment of information warfare in the Baltic States and how it relates to social media and OSN (online social networks). The set of questions in Q2 was meant to investigate the recognition of propaganda techniques and susceptability to disinformation narratives. The Q3 set was meant to investigate demographic correlates.</dcterms:description><dcterms:subject>Computer and Information Science</dcterms:subject><dcterms:subject>Social Sciences</dcterms:subject><dcterms:subject>Baltic region</dcterms:subject><dcterms:subject>survey methodology</dcterms:subject><dcterms:subject>Computational propaganda</dcterms:subject><dcterms:subject>online social networks</dcterms:subject><dcterms:date>2026-04-03</dcterms:date><dcterms:contributor>Plikynas, Darius</dcterms:contributor><dcterms:dateSubmitted>2026-04-03</dcterms:dateSubmitted><dcterms:license>CC0 1.0</dcterms:license></metadata>