{"id":13256456,"identifier":"DVN/Z731ON","persistentUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Z731ON","protocol":"doi","authority":"10.7910","separator":"/","publisher":"Harvard Dataverse","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","storageIdentifier":"s3://10.7910/DVN/Z731ON","datasetType":"dataset","datasetVersion":{"id":604963,"datasetId":13256456,"datasetPersistentId":"doi:10.7910/DVN/Z731ON","datasetType":"dataset","storageIdentifier":"s3://10.7910/DVN/Z731ON","versionNumber":1,"internalVersionNumber":19,"versionMinorNumber":0,"versionState":"RELEASED","latestVersionPublishingState":"RELEASED","UNF":"UNF:6:t28OdJzdRyrJ+5HFdjb7oQ==","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","releaseTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","createTime":"2025-12-18T08:50:29Z","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","citationDate":"2026-03-08","license":{"name":"CC0 1.0","uri":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0","iconUri":"https://licensebuttons.net/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png","rightsIdentifier":"CC0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","languageCode":"en"},"fileAccessRequest":true,"metadataBlocks":{"citation":{"displayName":"Citation Metadata","name":"citation","fields":[{"typeName":"title","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Replication Data for: \"Elite Rhetoric and the Running Tally of Party-Group Linkages\""},{"typeName":"author","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dausgaard, Christoffer Hentzer"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Copenhagen"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Hjorth, Frederik"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Copenhagen"},"authorIdentifierScheme":{"typeName":"authorIdentifierScheme","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"ORCID"},"authorIdentifier":{"typeName":"authorIdentifier","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"0000-0003-4063-4983"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactName":{"typeName":"datasetContactName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dausgaard, Christoffer Hentzer"},"datasetContactAffiliation":{"typeName":"datasetContactAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Copenhagen"},"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"christoffer.dausgaard@gmail.com"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Parties' linkages to social groups are key to electoral competition. While traditionally explained in terms of long-standing social cleavages, newer theories assign some role to parties in shaping group linkages. We argue that party elites have even more influence over group linkages than afforded in existing accounts: citizens infer group linkages from `running tallies' of recent group appeals in elite rhetoric. To test this theory, we develop a novel automated approach that uses language models to measure group appeals observationally. Using data from the UK, we connect citizens' perceived group linkages in surveys to group appeals in parliamentary speech spanning three decades. We find that group linkages robustly track party elites' rhetoric. The association is strongest for group appeals with policy content and among recent news media consumers. Our findings imply that party elites have considerable power to shape group linkages, even in the short run."},"dsDescriptionDate":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2025-12-18"}}]},{"typeName":"subject","multiple":true,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":["Social Sciences"]},{"typeName":"depositor","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dausgaard, Christoffer Hentzer"},{"typeName":"dateOfDeposit","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2025-12-18"}]}},"files":[{"description":"","label":"BES1997.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256704,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES1997.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":6632387,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b319a1548-bfdd42cf90f1","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata","originalFormatLabel":"Stata Binary","originalFileSize":5807701,"originalFileName":"BES1997.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:oL15+vq5ZYRXKUrltv0awA==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"f47b6b35a57bc18f84b5c0c0b4bdea29","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"f47b6b35a57bc18f84b5c0c0b4bdea29"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2001.dta","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256700,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2001.dta","contentType":"application/x-stata","friendlyType":"Stata Binary","filesize":15669214,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199ed61-1dcdb577463e","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"41fc4f6cd0ae8c1c03ebdb6e55c2152b","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"41fc4f6cd0ae8c1c03ebdb6e55c2152b"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2005.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256701,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2005.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":22958854,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199dd4e-6d4f10582592","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata","originalFormatLabel":"Stata Binary","originalFileSize":17979996,"originalFileName":"BES2005.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:rPVkuRnsMwt0RCLrubevdw==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"22f3a57d628775ab84dbe2dcd38f50b4","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"22f3a57d628775ab84dbe2dcd38f50b4"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2010.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256691,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2010.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":10518191,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199dcd6-236b1ef1d9e1","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata","originalFormatLabel":"Stata Binary","originalFileSize":9009776,"originalFileName":"BES2010.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:0reFwvZ3GWa4tv/2PoH8Tw==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"02a0eabfb676b5c2c936d15bf0935a9d","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"02a0eabfb676b5c2c936d15bf0935a9d"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2015.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256697,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2015.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":3194986,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199e9cb-29398cfab9b1","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata","originalFormatLabel":"Stata Binary","originalFileSize":4707045,"originalFileName":"BES2015.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:aLRbcbT3jpNSKgnwJDOcDg==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"0dd628f4aede6fcb55e3c98657bfb005","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"0dd628f4aede6fcb55e3c98657bfb005"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2017.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256702,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2017.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":1822710,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199e40f-8fdd7cdd1e92","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata","originalFormatLabel":"Stata Binary","originalFileSize":1845588,"originalFileName":"BES2017.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:dV8L9L0aaTz1M/Bv29861A==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"4bc67b56ba8a36e667adfce7bf0eb725","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"4bc67b56ba8a36e667adfce7bf0eb725"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BES2019.tab","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":3,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256695,"persistentId":"","filename":"BES2019.tab","contentType":"text/tab-separated-values","friendlyType":"Tab-Delimited","filesize":3870601,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b319a19ea-c4c0d6175c40","originalFileFormat":"application/x-stata-14","originalFormatLabel":"Stata 14 Binary","originalFileSize":7268912,"originalFileName":"BES2019.dta","UNF":"UNF:6:9X8i24F75Yha+2pk1vR2YA==","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"02b94663643fe87afb1d7c485e9539e6","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"02b94663643fe87afb1d7c485e9539e6"},"tabularData":true,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BESIP_clean.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256706,"persistentId":"","filename":"BESIP_clean.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":18485440,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199ffe1-642e3a6e8b8f","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"cba6d111254577200453544b8faa9228","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"cba6d111254577200453544b8faa9228"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BESIP.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256687,"persistentId":"","filename":"BESIP.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":268761549,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199e3a5-9df9bed0099e","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"13dc934210be2a7e803aea9a6a49d4aa","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"13dc934210be2a7e803aea9a6a49d4aa"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"BESrounds.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256694,"persistentId":"","filename":"BESrounds.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":195809,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199de09-e453ea0afdf4","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"0a5a7505fb71b39ef1fa2050ab25308f","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"0a5a7505fb71b39ef1fa2050ab25308f"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"codebook_besip.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256707,"persistentId":"","filename":"codebook_besip.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":2172,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199db0f-24725750eea7","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"7865338f387afb91f522e0195bb75a3b","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"7865338f387afb91f522e0195bb75a3b"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"codebook_besrounds.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256690,"persistentId":"","filename":"codebook_besrounds.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":763,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199d71a-eb2190043995","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"5706e186d38cbe56f5f8939c3f807d5c","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"5706e186d38cbe56f5f8939c3f807d5c"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"codebook_fulldf.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256688,"persistentId":"","filename":"codebook_fulldf.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":4386,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199dacd-c63ecbe6e9f0","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"41e0282e2088e282b84b975c1467ad9a","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"41e0282e2088e282b84b975c1467ad9a"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"codebook_groupappeals.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256705,"persistentId":"","filename":"codebook_groupappeals.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":555,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199d5e5-b8cb9b25e2d9","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"617043e325c340c9aca160ea2a2400fe","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"617043e325c340c9aca160ea2a2400fe"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"codebook_press.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256696,"persistentId":"","filename":"codebook_press.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":534,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199dc69-76d3f320384d","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"4f02239d25d2610d9a31d9697c6ffdd7","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"4f02239d25d2610d9a31d9697c6ffdd7"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"customized_group_dictionary.xlsx","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256699,"persistentId":"","filename":"customized_group_dictionary.xlsx","contentType":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","friendlyType":"MS Excel Spreadsheet","filesize":13797,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199d7d7-1d4281db8ae8","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"9e133c74b5e093c5628db86315750a75","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"9e133c74b5e093c5628db86315750a75"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"label":"estimate.R","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13405706,"persistentId":"","filename":"estimate.R","contentType":"type/x-r-syntax","friendlyType":"R Syntax","filesize":46752,"storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19bfb863406-26ff4e2dc947","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"939ac8699516a4e216714c901f124b7e","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"939ac8699516a4e216714c901f124b7e"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"fulldf.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256693,"persistentId":"","filename":"fulldf.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":1375349675,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199efb6-3aecce8b3b1e","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"93d66ca7f9d603fe910a5b5916d30bb9","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"93d66ca7f9d603fe910a5b5916d30bb9"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"label":"groupappeals.rds","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13404197,"persistentId":"","filename":"groupappeals.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":43093723,"storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19bfb064080-840d0f425966","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"eddd86d3394b6838a4919d3e1b33f670","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"eddd86d3394b6838a4919d3e1b33f670"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"merge.R","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"code","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256689,"persistentId":"","filename":"merge.R","contentType":"type/x-r-syntax","friendlyType":"R Syntax","filesize":12624,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199d8af-a50c5600185a","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"4b40eea6c6583a15e1591ba37a407eb7","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"4b40eea6c6583a15e1591ba37a407eb7"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"code","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"prepare-surveydata.R","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"code","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256685,"persistentId":"","filename":"prepare-surveydata.R","contentType":"type/x-r-syntax","friendlyType":"R Syntax","filesize":17230,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199d994-5adf3cda1980","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"f7254547a0928da0f68a1db534892d54","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"f7254547a0928da0f68a1db534892d54"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"code","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"press-appeals.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256703,"persistentId":"","filename":"press-appeals.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":283938,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b319a1e33-32835a43fb04","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"d62f7ef507fe7ab1d7e533bee07e8691","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"d62f7ef507fe7ab1d7e533bee07e8691"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"Readme.txt","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256686,"persistentId":"","filename":"Readme.txt","contentType":"text/plain","friendlyType":"Plain Text","filesize":6947,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b3199db9b-258fb0f52fa4","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"f556ea330f57520ce43a3ab289a382b1","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"f556ea330f57520ce43a3ab289a382b1"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"","label":"V-Dem-CPD-Party-V2.rds","restricted":false,"directoryLabel":"data","version":1,"datasetVersionId":604963,"dataFile":{"id":13256708,"persistentId":"","filename":"V-Dem-CPD-Party-V2.rds","contentType":"application/octet-stream","friendlyType":"Unknown","filesize":3356360,"description":"","storageIdentifier":"s3://dvn-cloud:19b319a0e59-51167ab1d75e","rootDataFileId":-1,"md5":"b8539fc5918745ffc2c6226865bd54e0","checksum":{"type":"MD5","value":"b8539fc5918745ffc2c6226865bd54e0"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationDate":"2026-03-08","directoryLabel":"data","lastUpdateTime":"2026-03-08T20:44:35Z","fileAccessRequest":true}}],"citation":"Dausgaard, Christoffer Hentzer; Hjorth, Frederik, 2026, \"Replication Data for: \"Elite Rhetoric and the Running Tally of Party-Group Linkages\"\", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Z731ON, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:t28OdJzdRyrJ+5HFdjb7oQ== [fileUNF]"}}