{"@context":{"@language":"en","@vocab":"https://schema.org/","citeAs":"cr:citeAs","column":"cr:column","conformsTo":"dct:conformsTo","cr":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/","rai":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/","data":{"@id":"cr:data","@type":"@json"},"dataType":{"@id":"cr:dataType","@type":"@vocab"},"dct":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","examples":{"@id":"cr:examples","@type":"@json"},"extract":"cr:extract","field":"cr:field","fileProperty":"cr:fileProperty","fileObject":"cr:fileObject","fileSet":"cr:fileSet","format":"cr:format","includes":"cr:includes","isLiveDataset":"cr:isLiveDataset","jsonPath":"cr:jsonPath","key":"cr:key","md5":"cr:md5","parentField":"cr:parentField","path":"cr:path","recordSet":"cr:recordSet","references":"cr:references","regex":"cr:regex","repeated":"cr:repeated","replace":"cr:replace","sc":"https://schema.org/","separator":"cr:separator","source":"cr:source","subField":"cr:subField","transform":"cr:transform","wd":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/"},"@type":"sc:Dataset","conformsTo":"http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0","name":"Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries","url":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV","creator":[{"@type":"Person","givenName":"Darius","familyName":"Plikynas","affiliation":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Vilnius University"},"sameAs":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-2324","@id":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-2324","identifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-2324","name":"Plikynas, Darius"}],"description":"This dataset is designed to study the social impact of propaganda in the three Baltic countries. Respondents from each Baltic country - Lithuania (LT), Latvia (LV), and Estonia (EE) used the same questionnaire, which had been translated into their respective national languages. Most of the questions were quantitative estimates on a Likert scale (1–5), but multiple-choice questions were also used. An online survey was conducted in 2025 by the data company Solid Data based on our questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of 63 questions. A total of 1,218 respondents were collected across Estonia (409), Lithuania (405), and Latvia (404). The survey comprised three main sections (Q1, Q2 and Q3), each with sub-questions. The set of questions in Q1 was designed to investigate the social context and environment of propaganda and disinformation, exploring the environment of information warfare in the Baltic States and how it relates to social media and OSN (online social networks). The set of questions in Q2 was meant to investigate the recognition of propaganda techniques and susceptability to disinformation narratives. The Q3 set was meant to investigate demographic correlates.","keywords":["Computer and Information Science","Social Sciences","Baltic region","survey methodology","Computational propaganda","online social networks"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0","datePublished":"2026-04-03","dateModified":"2026-04-03","includedInDataCatalog":{"@type":"DataCatalog","name":"Harvard Dataverse","url":"https://dataverse.harvard.edu"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Harvard Dataverse"},"version":"1.0","citeAs":"@data{DVN/BZRQRV_2026,author = {Plikynas, Darius},publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},title = {Propaganda surveys in Baltic countries},year = {2026},url = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BZRQRV}}","distribution":[{"@type":"cr:FileObject","@id":"EE_survey data.sav","name":"EE_survey 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me"?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872020","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.5"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.6","description":"Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871970","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.6"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.7","description":"How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872052","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.7"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.8","description":"On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872030","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.8"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.9","description":"On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872034","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.9"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.10","description":"On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872038","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_01","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871984","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_02","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872026","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey 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political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871994","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.14"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.15","description":"How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872044","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.15"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.16","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872047","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.16"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.17","description":"How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872046","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.17"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.18","description":"Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871995","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.18"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.19","description":"Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871991","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.19"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.20","description":"How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872008","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.20"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.21","description":"How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872032","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.21"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.22","description":"How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871974","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.22"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.23","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872048","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.23"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.24","description":"Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871977","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.24"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_01","description":"Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. 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Each propaganda techniq","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871990","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_06","description":"Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871971","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_07","description":"Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. 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(How strongly do you believe in the fol","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872055","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_09","description":"With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872027","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_10","description":"The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872054","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_11","description":"Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872004","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_12","description":"The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872018","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_13","description":"By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872013","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_13"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_14","description":"Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872028","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_14"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_15","description":"By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872002","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_15"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_16","description":"The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872056","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_16"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_17","description":"The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872000","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_17"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_18","description":"The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871975","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_18"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_19","description":"Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872045","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_19"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_20","description":"The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872017","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_20"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.2","description":"Gender","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872019","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.2"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.3","description":"Education Level","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871967","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.3"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.4","description":"Mother tongue","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871987","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.4"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.5","description":"Occupational status","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872039","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.5"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.6","description":"Monthly net income","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872024","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.6"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.7","description":"Marital and Family Status","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871983","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.7"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.8","description":"Location","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872016","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.8"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.1","description":"Age group","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39872051","fileObject":{"@id":"EE_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.1"}}}]},{"@type":"cr:RecordSet","field":[{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"ID","description":"ID","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871787","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"ID"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q0","description":"Confirm your consent to participate in the survey:","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871844","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q0"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.1","description":"How much time do you spend on social networks and media on average per day?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871833","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.1"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_01","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871811","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_02","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871858","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_03","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871828","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_04","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871801","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_05","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871799","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_06","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871872","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_07","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871842","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_08","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871855","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_09","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871791","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_10","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871818","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_11","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871861","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_12","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871873","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_01","description":"Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871793","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_02","description":"Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871817","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_03","description":"VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871857","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_04","description":"Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871860","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_05","description":"Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871832","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_06","description":"X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871816","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_07","description":"TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871825","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_08","description":"Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871859","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_09","description":"SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871805","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_10","description":"Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871786","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.4","description":"How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871850","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.4"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.5","description":"Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871806","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.5"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.6","description":"Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871785","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.6"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.7","description":"How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871845","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.7"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.8","description":"On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871868","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.8"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.9","description":"On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871824","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.9"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.10","description":"On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871829","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_01","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871854","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_02","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871826","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_03","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871795","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_04","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871836","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_05","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871848","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_06","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871849","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_07","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871856","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.12","description":"How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871851","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.13","description":"How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871865","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.13"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.14","description":"How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871843","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.14"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.15","description":"How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871823","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.15"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.16","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871838","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.16"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.17","description":"How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871783","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.17"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.18","description":"Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871863","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.18"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.19","description":"Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871788","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.19"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.20","description":"How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871862","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.20"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.21","description":"How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871790","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.21"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.22","description":"How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871794","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.22"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.23","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871852","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.23"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.24","description":"Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871847","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.24"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_01","description":"Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871804","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_02","description":"Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871835","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_03","description":"Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871867","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_04","description":"Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871796","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_05","description":"Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871813","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_06","description":"Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871837","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_07","description":"Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871800","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_08","description":"Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871810","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_09","description":"Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871803","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_10","description":"Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871814","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_11","description":"Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871834","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_01","description":"The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871871","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_02","description":"The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871841","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_03","description":"Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871819","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_04","description":"Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871830","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_05","description":"Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871839","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_06","description":"EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871812","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_07","description":"The West has led itself into moral decay due to enabling LGBT rights, feminism and political correctness. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871853","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_08","description":"While Western countries struggle with social unrest and economic instability, China has shown how effective policies and firm governance can ensure safety, prosperity, and a high standard of living for its citizens. (How strongly do you believe in the fol","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871869","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_09","description":"With US politics and economics becoming more destabilized, Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania should look towards new allies, such as China. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871831","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_10","description":"The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian governments use technologies to restrict online discussion aimed against their policies. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871789","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_11","description":"Climate change is a hoax to steer attention away from the actions of the Western political elites. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871821","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_12","description":"The United States would not help Europe if it were attacked by Russia. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871792","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_13","description":"By embracing strict regulations and curtailing certain freedoms, Russia proves that prosperity is best achieved when governance prioritizes order and control over individual liberties. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871866","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_13"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_14","description":"Russia is a guardian of traditional values, standing as a defender of cultural heritage, family principles, and moral traditions in the face of modern liberal influences. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871827","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_14"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_15","description":"By enforcing international regulations, the UN interferes with domestic policies and undermines self-governance. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871807","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_15"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_16","description":"The voting system in Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania is flawed, enabling widespread voter fraud. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871798","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_16"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_17","description":"The Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian Armed Forces drain resources that should be used for healthcare and education. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871840","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_17"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_18","description":"The Baltic states pursuit of independence has only turned them into depopulated regions with collapsing economies, as their young workforce flees abroad and their industries are swallowed by Western interests. (How strongly do you believe in the following","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871870","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_18"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_19","description":"Most of foreign military support that goes to Ukraine is misused by corrupt officials for personal gain. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871820","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_19"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_20","description":"The European Union’s relaxed border policies have led to a surge in refugees, causing social unrest throughout the continent. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871808","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_20"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.2","description":"Gender","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871784","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.2"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.3","description":"Education Level","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871815","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.3"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.4","description":"Mother tongue","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871797","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.4"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.5","description":"Occupational status","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871809","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.5"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.6","description":"Monthly net income","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871846","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.6"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.7","description":"Marital and Family Status","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871864","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.7"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.8","description":"Location","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871822","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.8"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q3.1","description":"Age group","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871802","fileObject":{"@id":"LT_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q3.1"}}}]},{"@type":"cr:RecordSet","field":[{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"ID","description":"ID","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871909","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"ID"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q0","description":"Confirm your consent to participate in the 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most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871875","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_04","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871905","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_05","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871955","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_06","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871907","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_07","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871951","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_08","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871916","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_09","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871959","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_10","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871878","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_11","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871901","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.2_12","description":"Select three social network platforms that you use most","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871886","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.2_12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_01","description":"Telegram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871943","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_02","description":"Facebook (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871883","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_03","description":"VKontakte (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871956","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_04","description":"Odniklasniki (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871950","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_05","description":"Instagram (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871928","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_06","description":"X/Twitter (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871896","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_07","description":"TikTok (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871911","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_08","description":"Threads (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871876","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_09","description":"SnapChat (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871949","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.3_10","description":"Pinterest (Do you trust these social network platforms?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871925","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.3_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.4","description":"How often do you check sources when you come across suspicious information on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871917","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.4"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.5","description":"Do you agree with the statement: "Social networks and media are an important source of news for me"?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871952","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.5"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.6","description":"Do you have many followers/friends on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871965","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.6"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.7","description":"How often do you follow other peoples accounts or groups on social networks?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871918","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.7"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.8","description":"On average, how many posts do you make on your personal social network pages per week (e.g. posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.)?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871897","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.8"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.9","description":"On average, how many posts (e.g. Fb posts, events, tweets, ads, etc.) obtained from various other sources do you forward per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871939","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.9"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.10","description":"On average, how many comments/replies do you post on social networks per week?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871940","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_01","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871881","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_02","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871895","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_03","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871946","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_04","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871874","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_05","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871892","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_06","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871889","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.11_07","description":"What do you consider the most reliable sources of information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871885","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.11_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.12","description":"How strongly do you agree with the statement: „I tend to trust the information shared by my friends on social media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871934","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.12"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.13","description":"How often do you notice covert impact of foreign information manipulation and interference in the social networks and media you use?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871900","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.13"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.14","description":"How strongly do you agree that your views on social, political or economic issues are influenced by the information you see on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871887","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.14"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.15","description":"How strongly do you agree that you tend to change your behavior based on the information you get from social media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871937","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.15"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.16","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you follow usually have a negative emotional effect on your state of mind?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871941","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.16"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.17","description":"How often do you encounter social networks and media environments where individuals encounter only information and opinions that align with and reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially limiting exposure to other views?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871924","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.17"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.18","description":"Have your political views become more radical in the last five years?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871933","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.18"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.19","description":"Have political attitudes in society become more polarized in the last five years because of COVID, the war in Ukraine, LGBT rights and other controversial issues?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871927","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.19"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.20","description":"How often, when reading information on social media, you do not feel confident (you doubt) that you are able to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate information?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871935","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.20"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.21","description":"How often do you tend to limit yourself to information and opinions on social networks that correspond to and reinforce your preconceptions and beliefs, while distancing yourself from exposure to other points of view?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871964","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.21"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.22","description":"How often do you encounter unconstructive criticism (criticism that does not offer alternative rational solutions) on social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871922","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.22"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.23","description":"Do you agree that the social networks and media you use foster an atmosphere of trust and cooperation?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871960","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.23"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q1.24","description":"Do you agree that your critical thinking is more important than blind trust in social networks and media?","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871910","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q1.24"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_01","description":"Whataboutism (Responding to criticism by deflecting attention to another problem. Example: “Yes, we have issues with human rights, but what about all the other countries with even worse situations?”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techni","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871931","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_02","description":"Red herring (When irrelevant information is introduced to divert attention from the main topic. Example: “We should focus on improving education instead of the defense budget because that’s also very important.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871884","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_03","description":"Emotional appeals (Using strong emotions to influence opinion. Example: “Think of the children who will suffer if we don’t act now!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Eac","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871903","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_04","description":"Ad hominem (Attacking the person rather than their arguments. Example: “How can you trust his opinion on climate change? He’s not even a real scientist.”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and so","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871891","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_05","description":"Repetition (Repeating the same message in the text. Example: “Make our country strong again! Fight! Fight! Fight!”) (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each propaganda techniq","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871882","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_06","description":"Reductio ad hitlerum (Trying to persuade disapproval of an action/idea by pointing out that it is popular among groups that the target audience hates. Example: “This policy is something Nazis would have supported.” (2.1. Below you will see a list of pr","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871942","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_06"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_07","description":"Doubt (Slander, doubts about someones credibility. Example: “Can we really trust her with national security? Has she any experience?”. (2.1. Below you will see a list of propaganda techniques that sometimes are used in news and social media posts. Each","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871890","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_07"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_08","description":"Bandwagoning (Appealing to a sense of herd in an attempt to persuade the audience to join in and take action because everyone else is doing the same. Example: “Everyone is already supporting this movement; don’t be left out!” (2.1. Below you will see","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871945","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_08"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_09","description":"Flag-waving (Playing on strong national feelings - attempts to justify an action on the basis of patriotism or on the grounds that the action will benefit a country/group of people. Example: “If you love your country, you’ll support this decition.” (","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871898","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_09"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_10","description":"Appeal to authority (Citing prominent, well-known authorities who support the propagandists ideas, arguments, positions and actions. Example: “Many leading scientists agree with this policy; we should trust their judgment.” (2.1. Below you will see a l","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871930","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_10"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.1_11","description":"Simplification - assumes that there is a single cause of the problem; blame is shifted to one person/group without analyzing the complexity of the problem. Example: “The economic problems are all because of the moral decline in this country.” (2.1. Bel","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871929","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.1_11"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_01","description":"The rigid bureaucratic structure of the EU struggles to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges posed by the massive migrant flows from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871899","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_01"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_02","description":"The recent war between Russia and Ukraine was started due to aggressive NATO expansion (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871879","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_02"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_03","description":"Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian pursuit of independence from the USSR has only led to economic downfall and societal division (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871904","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_03"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_04","description":"Taxpayer money is being wasted on a military that serves NATO interests in foreign conflicts, not Estonia’s/Latvia’s/Lithuania’s. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871906","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_04"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_05","description":"Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian institutions prioritize foreign agendas over the needs of their own people. (How strongly do you believe in the following statements?)","dataType":"sc:Integer","source":{"@id":"39871913","fileObject":{"@id":"LV_survey data.sav"},"extract":{"column":"Q2.2_05"}}},{"@type":"cr:Field","name":"Q2.2_06","description":"EU bureaucracy stifles innovation and burdens businesses with excessive regulations, hindering economic progress. Thus countries are better off separating themselves from the European Union. 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