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An effective succession rule needs to solve dual problems of peaceful exit\nand peaceful entry. First, the rule must enable incumbents to exit power peacefully\nby reducing coup threats. Second, the rule must empower the designated successor\nto ensure that they can enter power peacefully. Constitutional rules help solve both\nproblems, and are particularly effective when they appoint the vice president as the\ndesignated successor. The vice president’s access to material resources deters other\nfactions from challenging the succession procedure, whereas designating successors\nwithout a power base is ineffective. 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