10.7910/DVN/QKVXOP Dubois, Mark Mark Dubois https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-6465 WorldFish Akester, Michael Michael Akester https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-1613 WorldFish Leemans, Kimio Kimio Leemans WorldFish Teoh, Shwu Jiau Shwu Jiau Teoh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-8583 WorldFish Stuart, Alex Alex Stuart International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Thant, Aung Myo Aung Myo Thant International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) San, Su Su Su Su San International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Shein, Nilar Nilar Shein Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Myanmar Leh, Mansoor Mansoor Leh The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Moet, Palal Moet Palal Moet Moet The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Radanielson, Ando M. Ando M. Radanielson Universitry of Southern Queensland Harvard Dataverse 2020 Social Sciences Rice Fish Culture Suitability mapping Integrated farming Multifunctional landscapes WorldFish WorldFish CSIRO journal Marine and Freshwater Research WorldFish WorldFish Dubois, Mark Mark Dubois WorldFish International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 2019-08-05 2020-03-24 2020-03-24 2025-02-05 Experimental data 20.500.12348/3780 10.7910/DVN/QKVXOP/6XMYV8 28454 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet 1.3 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. With rapidly increasing investment in water control infrastructure (WCI) and a recently ratified agriculture development strategy that promotes integrated farming of high-value products such as fish, agricultural production, already fundamental to Myanmar’s economy, will be central to driving the countries’ socioeconomic transformation. Water planners and managers have a unique opportunity to design and manage WCI to incorporate fish and, in so doing, reduce conflicts and optimise the benefits to both people and the ecosystem services upon which they depend. Results from rice–fish culture experimental trials in Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta are providing an evidence base for the importance of integrating fish into WCI, highlighting a range of both environmental and social benefits. By using less than 13% of paddy land area and through best management practices, existing rice productivity is sustained, alongside a 25% increase in economic returns for the same land area from fish. In addition, there are considerably more protein and micronutrients available from the fish produced in the system. Should these farming system innovations be adopted at scale, Myanmar stands to benefit from increased employment, incomes and nutritional value of farm plots (alongside associated reductions in pesticide pollution) and water use benefits.1 Myanmar Fish CRP ACIAR