10.7910/DVN/GURSZB Zvobgo, Kelebogile Kelebogile Zvobgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8701-8016 William & Mary Shannon, Megan Megan Shannon University of Colorado Boulder Eldredge, Cody Cody Eldredge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-9852 Oakland University Harvard Dataverse 2026 Social Sciences Eldredge, Cody Cody Eldredge Oakland University 2025-11-22 2026-02-28 10.1080/14754835.2025.2600940 10364592 2527 text/tab-separated-values text/x-stata-syntax 1.0 Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Autocracies, like democracies, use reservations to adjust their treaty commitments. But autocracies receive far greater pressure to withdraw reservations. To what extent is this pressure effective? Statistical analyses and case illustrations reveal that autocracies respond to international pressure differently than democracies: autocracies are more likely to withdraw reservations when facing treaty body reviews and less likely to withdraw reservations in response to peer state objections. We explore possible explanations for this difference. Autocracies may be more responsive to periodic reviews because they are conducted by technical experts from diverse countries, regions, and political regimes, rather than states’ political representatives. Periodic review is an iterative process that gives autocracies time to address domestic opposition to withdrawing reservations. Yet, autocracies may be less likely to withdraw reservations in response to state objections because they see objections, which primarily originate with Western democracies, as biased, hypocritical, and possibly even neocolonial. Objections are also only filed once and may thus not have the sustained impact necessary to prompt reservation withdrawal.