10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL Drazanova, Lenka Lenka Drazanova https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-1914 European University Institute Harvard Dataverse 2019 Social Sciences ethnic fractionalization, ethnic heterogeneity, ethnic diversity, Herfindahl Index Drazanova, Lenka Lenka Drazanova European University Institute 2019-07-24 2019-07-24 2020-09-12 10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL/KXFOBL 10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL/GZLWGZ 10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL/2N5YVI 199577 356445 1606879 text/tab-separated-values application/pdf application/pdf 2.0 Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization (HIEF) dataset contains an ethnic fractionalization index for 165 countries across all continents. The dataset covers annually the period 1945-2013. The ethnic fractionalization index corresponds to the probability that two randomly drawn individuals within a country are not from the same ethnic group. The new dataset is a natural extension of previous ethnic fractionalization indices and it allows its users to compare developments in ethnic fractionalization over time. The applications of HIEF pertain to the pattern of ethnic diversity across countries and over time.