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Boyd"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Washington University"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Lee Epstein"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Northwestern University"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Andrew D. Martin"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Washington University"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"lee-epstein@northwestern.edu"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"We enter the debate over the role of sex in judging by addressing the two predominant empirical questions it raises: whether male and female judges decide cases distinctly (\"individual effects\") and whether the presence of a female judge on a panel causes her male colleagues to behave differently (\"panel effects\"). We do not, however, rely exclusively on the predominant statistical models---variants of standard regression analysis---to address them. Because these tools alone are ill-suited to the task at hand, we deploy a more appropriate methodology---non-parametric matching---which follows from a formal framework for causal inference.\n<br /><br />\r \r Applying matching methods to sex discrimination suits resolved in the federal circuits between 1995 and 2002 yields two clear results. First, we observe substantial individual effects: The probability of a judge deciding in favor of the party alleging discrimination decreases by about 10 percentage points when the judge is a male. Likewise, we find that when a woman serves on a panel with men, the men are significantly more likely to rule in favor of the rights litigant. Both eff\nects are is so persistent and consistent that they may come as a surprise even to those scholars who have long posited the existence of gendered judging."}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Christina L. Boyd, Lee Epstein, Andrew D. Martin  \"Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging.\" Paper presented at the 2007 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago IL and the Department of Political Science, Stony Brook University, April 20, 2007. <a href= \"http://epstein.law.northwestern.edu/research/genderjudging.pdf\" target= \"_new\">article available here</a>"}}]},{"typeName":"notesText","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Subject: STANDARD DEPOSIT TERMS 1.0  Type: DATAPASS:TERMS:STANDARD:1.0  Notes: This study was deposited under the of the Data-PASS standard deposit terms. A copy of the usage agreement is included in the file section of this study.;"},{"typeName":"productionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2007"},{"typeName":"distributor","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Lee Epstein"},"distributorURL":{"typeName":"distributorURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://epstein.law.northwestern.edu/"},"distributorLogoURL":{"typeName":"distributorLogoURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.law.northwestern.edu/graphics/law-seal.gif"}}]},{"typeName":"distributionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2007"},{"typeName":"dateOfDeposit","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2007-06"},{"typeName":"timePeriodCovered","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"timePeriodCoveredStart":{"typeName":"timePeriodCoveredStart","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"1995"},"timePeriodCoveredEnd":{"typeName":"timePeriodCoveredEnd","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2002"}}]},{"typeName":"relatedDatasets","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["Lisa Baldez, Lee Epstein, Andrew D. Martin. 2006. \"Does the U.S. Constitution Need an Equal Rights Amendment?\" Journal of Legal Studies, 35 (January): 243-283.\n<a href= \"http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/lepstein/faces/study/StudyPage.jsp?studyId=733\" target= \"_new\"> study available here </a>"]}]}},"files":[{"description":"Original article for this study","label":"Genderjudging.pdf","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":62742,"categories":["1. Documentation"],"dataFile":{"id":128742,"persistentId":"doi:10.7910/DVN/PH3GBX/O7O8WJ","pidURL":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PH3GBX/O7O8WJ","filename":"Genderjudging.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","friendlyType":"Adobe PDF","filesize":509002,"description":"Original article for this study","categories":["1. 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