{"status":"OK","data":{"id":47094,"identifier":"DVN/OZSTZS","persistentUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OZSTZS","protocol":"doi","authority":"10.7910","separator":"/","publisher":"Harvard Dataverse","publicationDate":"2011-07-21","storageIdentifier":"s3://10.7910/DVN/OZSTZS","effectiveDatasetFileCountLimit":1000,"datasetFileUploadsAvailable":1000,"datasetType":"dataset","locks":[],"latestVersion":{"id":43279,"datasetId":47094,"datasetPersistentId":"doi:10.7910/DVN/OZSTZS","datasetType":"dataset","storageIdentifier":"s3://10.7910/DVN/OZSTZS","versionNumber":1,"internalVersionNumber":1,"versionMinorNumber":0,"versionState":"RELEASED","latestVersionPublishingState":"RELEASED","deaccessionNote":"","deaccessionLink":"","distributionDate":"2011","productionDate":"2011","lastUpdateTime":"2011-07-21T21:16:59Z","releaseTime":"2011-07-21T00:00:00Z","createTime":"2011-07-21T20:58:32Z","alternativePersistentId":"hdl:1902.1/16332","publicationDate":"2011-07-21","citationDate":"2011-07-21","effectiveDatasetFileCountLimit":1000,"datasetFileUploadsAvailable":1000,"license":{"name":"CC0 1.0","uri":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0","iconUri":"https://licensebuttons.net/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png","rightsIdentifier":"CC0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","languageCode":"en"},"fileAccessRequest":false,"metadataBlocks":{"citation":{"displayName":"Citation Metadata","name":"citation","fields":[{"typeName":"title","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Global Terrorism Database, 1970-2010"},{"typeName":"author","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Gary LaFree"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Response to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland."}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Laura Dugan"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Response to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland."}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"N/A"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source database including information on terrorist events around the world from 1970 through 2010 (with annual updates planned for the future). Unlike many other event databases, the GTD includes systematic data on domestic as well as transnational and international terrorist incidents that have occurred during this time period and now includes more than 98,000 cases. For each GTD incident, information is available on the date and location of the incident, the weapons used and nature of the target, the number of casualties, and—when identifiable—the group or individual responsible."},"dsDescriptionDate":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2011"}}]},{"typeName":"keyword","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"conflict"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"fatalities"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"hijacking"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"terrorist incidents"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"weapons"}}]},{"typeName":"topicClassification","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"topicClassValue":{"typeName":"topicClassValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"terrorism"}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G. & Miller, E. (2009). Desistance from terrorism: What can we learn from criminology? Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(3), 203-230."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G. & Miller, E. (2009). Desistance from terrorism: What can we learn from criminology? Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(3), 203-230."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Yang, S., & Crenshaw, M. (2009). Trajectories of terrorism: Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970 to 2004. Criminology & Public Policy."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G. & Miller, E. (2009). Desistance from terrorism: What can we learn from criminology? Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(3), 203-230."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Yang, S., & Crenshaw, M. (2009). Trajectories of terrorism: Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970 to 2004. Criminology & Public Policy."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Wang, X., Miller, E., Smarick, K., Ribarsky, W., & Chang, R. (2008). Investigative visual analysis of global terrorism. Computer Graphics Forum 27(3), 919-926."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G. & Miller, E. (2009). Desistance from terrorism: What can we learn from criminology? Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(3), 203-230."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Yang, S., & Crenshaw, M. (2009). Trajectories of terrorism: Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970 to 2004. Criminology & Public Policy."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Wang, X., Miller, E., Smarick, K., Ribarsky, W., & Chang, R. (2008). Investigative visual analysis of global terrorism. Computer Graphics Forum 27(3), 919-926."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., & Dugan, L. (2010). Cross-national patterns of terrorism: Comparing trajectories for total, attributed, and fatal attacks, 1970 to 2006. British Journal of Criminology, 50(4), 622-649."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Dugan, L., Lafree, G., & Piquero, A.R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Greenbaum, R., Dugan, L. & LaFree, G. (2007). The impact of terrorism on Italian employment and business activity. Urban Studies, 44(5-6), 1093-1108."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Franke, D. (2005). The interplay between terrorism, nonstate actors, and weapons of mass destruction: An exploration of the Pinkerton database. International Studies Review, 7(1), 155-158."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., Dugan, L. & Fahey, S. (2006). Identifying global terrorist hot spots. In J. Victoroff (Ed.),  Tangled roots: Social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS Press."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2007). Introducing the global terrorism database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(2), 181-204."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Fahey, S. (2007). Global terrorism and failed states. In J. J. Hewitt, J. Wilkenfeld, & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Peace and conflict. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., & Dugan, L. (2009). Tracking global terrorism, 1970-2004. In D. Weisburd, T. Feucht, I. Hakimi, L. Mock, & S. Perry (Eds.), To protect and to serve: Police and policing in an age of terrorism. New York: Springer."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Dugan, L., & Korte, R. (2009). The impact of British counter terrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models, Criminology, 47(1), 17-45."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G. & Miller, E. (2009). Desistance from terrorism: What can we learn from criminology? Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(3), 203-230."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Yang, S., & Crenshaw, M. (2009). Trajectories of terrorism: Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970 to 2004. Criminology & Public Policy."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Wang, X., Miller, E., Smarick, K., Ribarsky, W., & Chang, R. (2008). Investigative visual analysis of global terrorism. Computer Graphics Forum 27(3), 919-926."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"LaFree, G., Morris, N., & Dugan, L. (2010). Cross-national patterns of terrorism: Comparing trajectories for total, attributed, and fatal attacks, 1970 to 2006. British Journal of Criminology, 50(4), 622-649."}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Young, J. K., & Dugan, L. (2011). Veto players and terror. Journal of Peace Research, 48(1), 19-33."}}]},{"typeName":"notesText","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Subject: Study Level Error Note, Notes: Even though efforts have been made to assure the continuity of the data from 1970 to the present, users should keep in mind that the collection was done in real time for cases between 1970 and 1997, was retrospective between 1998 and 2007, and is again in real time after 2007. This distinction is significant because some media sources have since become unavailable, undoubtedly impeding efforts to collect a complete census of terrorist attacks between 1998 and 2007. Thus, users should note that differences in levels of attacks before and after 1997 are at least partially explained by differences in data collection; researchers should adjust for these differences when modeling the data. Furthermore, cases from 1993 were lost prior to receiving the data from PGIS. Efforts thus far have been unsuccessful in fully recovering the 1993 data. Instead of providing a partial listing of cases for 1993, we refer the user to a table provided by PGIS of the total number of attacks in 1993 for each country.; Subject: null  Type: For further information,  Notes: please visit the Global Terrorism Database homepage at http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd;"},{"typeName":"producer","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"producerName":{"typeName":"producerName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism"},"producerAffiliation":{"typeName":"producerAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Maryland"},"producerAbbreviation":{"typeName":"producerAbbreviation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"START"},"producerURL":{"typeName":"producerURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd"},"producerLogoURL":{"typeName":"producerLogoURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.start-dev.umd.edu/start/images/gtd_stacked_black_100x75.gif"}}]},{"typeName":"productionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2011"},{"typeName":"grantNumber","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Institute of Justice"},"grantNumberValue":{"typeName":"grantNumberValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"NIJ2002-DT-CX-0001"}},{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), Office of University Programs"},"grantNumberValue":{"typeName":"grantNumberValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"N00140510629"}},{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), Office of University Programs"},"grantNumberValue":{"typeName":"grantNumberValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2008-ST-061-ST0004"}},{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Human Factors Division"},"grantNumberValue":{"typeName":"grantNumberValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"HSHQDC-05-X-00482"}}]},{"typeName":"distributor","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism"},"distributorAffiliation":{"typeName":"distributorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Maryland"},"distributorAbbreviation":{"typeName":"distributorAbbreviation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"START"},"distributorURL":{"typeName":"distributorURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd"},"distributorLogoURL":{"typeName":"distributorLogoURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.start-dev.umd.edu/start/images/gtd_stacked_black_100x75.gif"}}]},{"typeName":"distributionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2011"},{"typeName":"dateOfDeposit","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2011-07-21"},{"typeName":"timePeriodCovered","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"timePeriodCoveredStart":{"typeName":"timePeriodCoveredStart","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"1970-01-01"},"timePeriodCoveredEnd":{"typeName":"timePeriodCoveredEnd","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2010-12-31"}}]},{"typeName":"dateOfCollection","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dateOfCollectionStart":{"typeName":"dateOfCollectionStart","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"1970-01-01"},"dateOfCollectionEnd":{"typeName":"dateOfCollectionEnd","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2011-05-31"}}]},{"typeName":"kindOfData","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["census/enumeration data"]}]},"geospatial":{"displayName":"Geospatial Metadata","name":"geospatial","fields":[{"typeName":"geographicCoverage","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"otherGeographicCoverage":{"typeName":"otherGeographicCoverage","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Canada, Mexico, United States of America, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papa New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu"}},{"otherGeographicCoverage":{"typeName":"otherGeographicCoverage","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"North America, Central America & the Caribbean, South America, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East & North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia & the Newly Independent States (NIS), Australasia & Oceania"}}]},{"typeName":"geographicUnit","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["City"]}]},"socialscience":{"displayName":"Social Science and Humanities Metadata","name":"socialscience","fields":[{"typeName":"unitOfAnalysis","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["Terrorist Incidents"]},{"typeName":"universe","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["All known terrorist events that occurred in the world from 1970 to 2010."]},{"typeName":"samplingProcedure","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"The GTD was designed to gather a wide variety of etiological and situational variables proximate to each terrorist incident. Depending on availability of information, the database records up to 128 separate attributes of each incident, including approximately 75 coded variables that can be used for statistical analysis. These are collected under fifteen broad categories. Information in the GTD is drawn entirely from publicly available, open-source materials. These include electronic news archives, existing data sets, secondary source materials such as books and journals, and legal documents. The first phase of data for the GTD (GTD1: 1970-1997) was collected by the Pinkerton Global Intelligence Service (PGIS)—a private security agency. Cases that occurred between 1998 and 2007 were identified and coded by the Center for Terrorism and Intelligence Studies (CETIS), in partnership with START.While the original GTD1 employed the definition of terrorism utilized by PGIS, the second phase of data collection for the GTD (GTD2: 1998-2007) coded each incident so as to allow users to identify only those cases that meet their own definition of terrorism. To synthesize the two data sets, START, in conjunction with CETIS, implemented a system whereby every incident from the GTD1 was reviewed, codes for the three definitional criteria and all other fields within GTD2 were added to GTD1, and coders evaluated the incident for inclusion within a synthesized new GTD. Seventeen coders were trained and a review of the incidents occurred from April 2008 to December 2008. Incidents that failed to meet two of the three criteria developed for GTD2 were removed from the new synthesized GTD."},{"typeName":"collectionMode","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["record abstracts"]}]}},"files":[]}}}