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Fowler"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of California, San Diego"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Oleg Smirnov"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"University of Oregon"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactName":{"typeName":"datasetContactName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"jfowler@ucsd.edu"},"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"N/A"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"We construct a decision-theoretic model of turnout, in which individuals maximize their subjective expected utility in a context of repeated elections. In the model a nonnegative signaling motivation to vote exists for all citizens, regardless of their ideology or beliefs about the closeness of the election, and is proportional to a citizen's external efficacy, patience, and electoral pessimism. We find tentative support for all three effects in an empirical model of turnout using NES data (1976-1988). This paper suggests that the signaling motivation may play a role in a citizen’s decision to vote."}}]},{"typeName":"keyword","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"turnout"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"voting"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"elections"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"signaling motivation"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"external efficacy"}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"James H. Fowler, Oleg Smirnov. 2007. A Dynamic Calculus of Voting. In \"Mandates, Parties, and Voters: How Elections Shape the Future.\" (pp. 65-86). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. <a href= \"http://jhfowler.ucsd.edu/a_dynamic_calculus_of_voting.pdf\" target= \"_new\">chapter available here</a>"}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"James H. Fowler, Oleg Smirnov. 2007. A Dynamic Calculus of Voting. In \"Mandates, Parties, and Voters: How Elections Shape the Future.\" (pp. 65-86). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. <a href= \"http://jhfowler.ucsd.edu/a_dynamic_calculus_of_voting.pdf\" target= \"_new\">chapter available here</a>"}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"James H. Fowler, Oleg Smirnov. 2007. \"Mandates, Parties, and Voters: How Elections Shape the Future.\" Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. <a href= \"http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1891_reg.html\" target= \"_new\">book available here</a>"}}]},{"typeName":"productionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2007"},{"typeName":"distributor","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"James H. 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