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Angrist"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Alan B. Krueger"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Princeton University"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"angrist@mit.edu"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"This article reevaluates recent instrumental variables (IV) estimates of the returns to schooling in light of the fact that two-stage least squares is biased in the same direction as ordinary least squares (OLS) even in very large samples. We propose a split-sample instrumental variables (SSIV) estimator that is not biased toward OLS. SSIV uses one-half of a sample to estimate parameters of the first-stage equation. Estimated first-stage parameters are then used to construct fitted values and second-stage parameter estimates in the other half sample. SSIV is biased toward 0, but this bias can be corrected. The splt-sample estimators confirm and reinforce some previous findings on the returns to schooling but fail to confirm others."}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Joshua D. Angrist, Alan B. Krueger. 1995. \"Split-Sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling.\" Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics, 13(2), JBES Symposium on Program and Policy Evaluation, 225-235 <a href=\"http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0735-0015(199504)13%3A2%3C225%3ASIVEOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1\" target= \"_new\">article available here</a>"}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Joshua D. Angrist, Alan B. Krueger. 1995. \"Split-Sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling.\" Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics, 13(2), JBES Symposium on Program and Policy Evaluation, 225-235 <a href=\"http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0735-0015(199504)13%3A2%3C225%3ASIVEOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1\" target= \"_new\">article available here</a>"}},{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"The CPS data were first used in Angrist and Krueger's unpublished <a href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4067\" mce_href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4067\" target= \"_new\">1992 NBER working paper</a>."}}]},{"typeName":"notesText","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Subject: STANDARD DEPOSIT TERMS 1.0  Type: DATAPASS:TERMS:STANDARD:1.0  Notes: This study was deposited under the of the Data-PASS standard deposit terms. A copy of the usage agreement is included in the file section of this study.;"},{"typeName":"productionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"1995"},{"typeName":"distributor","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Joshua D. Angrist"},"distributorURL":{"typeName":"distributorURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/angrist"}},{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Murray Research Archive"},"distributorURL":{"typeName":"distributorURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://www.murray.harvard.edu"},"distributorLogoURL":{"typeName":"distributorLogoURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"http://murray.harvard.edu/files/murray/banner146x48.png"}}]},{"typeName":"distributionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2008"},{"typeName":"dateOfDeposit","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2008-04-01"},{"typeName":"relatedDatasets","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["Joshua D. Angrist, Alan B. Krueger. 1991. \"Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?\" The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 979-1014\n<a href=\"http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/JAngrist/faces/study/StudyPage.jsp?studyId=23328\" target= \"_new\">study available here</a>"]}]}},"files":[{"description":"1980 census extract summary","label":"1980summary.pdf","restricted":false,"version":1,"datasetVersionId":46017,"categories":["1. Documentation"],"dataFile":{"id":1232055,"persistentId":"doi:10.7910/DVN/6LX9OE/COJPLL","pidURL":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/6LX9OE/COJPLL","filename":"1980summary.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","friendlyType":"Adobe PDF","filesize":5880,"description":"1980 census extract summary","categories":["1. 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